Petrochemical industry in Romania

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File:Petroleum field at Moreni.jpg

File:Oil wells in the Doubrudja region of Romania 1916.jpg

File:Five-Year Plan 1951 to 1955-Oil-production.jpg

The emergence of oil production in the territory now known as Romania dates back to 1857,{{Cite web |title=Romanian Petroleum History |url=https://furcuta.blogspot.com/2009/10/romanian-petroleum-history.html |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=Petroblog}} with oil facilities gaining strategic military significance in 1916 during World War I. Throughout World War II, the Kingdom of Romania held the position as the largest oil producer in Europe, second only to the USSR, whose primary oil source was located in Azerbaijan. The oil extracted from Romania played a pivotal role in Axis military operations, a fact underscored in Adolf Hitler's 1942 conversation with Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.{{Cite journal |last=Mir-Babayev |first=Mir-Yusif |date=2018 |title=BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FIRST OIL DRILLING WELLS IN BAKU REGION |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=714708 |journal=NOEMA |language=English |volume=XVII |issue=1 |pages=172–183 |issn=2501-2304}}

The Romanian petrochemical industry, particularly centered around Ploiești, became a focal point for Allied bombing raids, notably during Operation Tidal Wave.{{Cite web |date=2011-08-09 |title=Wings of Valor II- The Ploesti Raid |url=http://homeofheroes.com/wings/part2/09_ploesti.html |access-date=2024-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809133016/http://homeofheroes.com/wings/part2/09_ploesti.html |archive-date=2011-08-09 }} The Soviet Red Army later occupied the Romanian oilfields in August 1944. Post-World War II, extensive reconstruction and expansion initiatives were undertaken under the communist regime. Following the events of 1989, a significant portion of the industry underwent privatization.

Present-day Romania boasts significant oil-refining capabilities, demonstrating a notable interest in the Central Asia-Europe pipelines while actively cultivating relations with select Arab States of the Persian Gulf. With a total of 10 refineries and an overall refining capacity of approximately 504,000 barrels per day (80,100 cubic meters per day), Romania stands as the leading nation in the eastern European region in terms of refining industry scale.{{Cite web |last=energy |date=2023-09-17 |title=1857 – WORLD'S FIRST OIL REFINERY STARTED OPERATIONS IN ROMANIA |url=https://www.energyglobalnews.com/1857-worlds-first-oil-refinery-started-operations-in-romania/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=Energy Global News}}

Romania's extensive refining capacity surpasses its domestic demand for refined petroleum products, enabling the country to engage in substantial exports of various oil products and petrochemicals. This includes, but is not limited to, lubricants, bitumen, and fertilizers, distributed across the eastern European region.

By 2017, the number of refineries possessing the capability to produce had dwindled to just five, with the overall capacity experiencing a decline to 13.7 million metric tons per year.