Phar Lap

{{Short description|New Zealand-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1926–1932)}}

{{Redirect|Phar|archive file format|PHAR (file format)}}

{{About||the film about the racehorse|Phar Lap (film)|the software company|Phar Lap (company)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}

{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}

{{Infobox racehorse

| horsename = Phar Lap

| image = 260px

| caption = Phar Lap and jockey Jim Pike
Flemington Racecourse {{circa|1930}}

| sire = Night Raid (GB)

| grandsire = Radium (GB)

| dam = Entreaty (NZ)

| damsire = Winkie (GB)

| sex = Gelding

| foaled = 4 October 1926
Timaru, New Zealand

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1932|4|5|1926|10|4|df=y}}
Menlo Park, California, U.S.

| country = Australia

| colour = Chestnut

| breeder = Alick Roberts

| owner = David Davis and Harry Telford

| trainer = Harry Telford

| record = 51:37–3–2

| earnings = £A66,738

| race = Rosehill Guineas (1929)
AJC Derby (1929)
Craven Plate (1929, 1930, 1931)
Victoria Derby (1929)
AJC St Leger (1930)
VRC St Leger (1930)
Chipping Norton Stakes (1930)
AJC Plate (1930)
Chelmsford Stakes (1930)
Hill Stakes (1930, 1931)
W. S. Cox Plate (1930, 1931)
Melbourne Stakes (1930, 1931)
Melbourne Cup (1930)
Linlithgow Stakes (1930)
C.B. Fisher Plate (1930)
St George Stakes (1931)
Futurity Stakes (1931)
Underwood Stakes (1931)
Memsie Stakes (1931)
Agua Caliente Handicap (1932)

| honours = #22 – Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century
1983 Motion PicturePhar Lap: Heart of a Nation
Australian Racing Hall of Fame
New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame
Phar Lap Stakes run at Rosehill Racecourse

| updated = 29 April 2009{{cite web|url=http://www.pedigreequery.com/phar+lap |title=Pedigree |publisher=Pedigreequery.com |date=30 April 2007 |access-date=2010-05-06}}

}}

Phar Lap (4 October 1926 – 5 April 1932) was a New Zealand-born champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse. Achieving great success during his distinguished career, his initial underdog status gave people hope during the early years of the Great Depression.{{cite web|url=https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/phar-lap-forever|title=Phar Lap Forever|date=November 2017|publisher=The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia|page=1|access-date=2021-11-28}} He won the Melbourne Cup, two Cox Plates, the Australian Derby, and 19 other weight-for-age races. He is universally revered as one of the greatest race horses of all time, not just in Australia but in the history of Thoroughbred horse racing.{{cite web | title = Phar Lap | publisher = Thoroughbred Heritage | url = http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/PharLap.html | access-date = 2009-04-24}}{{cite web | title = Story of Phar Lap | publisher = pharlap.org.nz | url = http://www.pharlap.org.nz/story.html | access-date = 2009-04-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090829103427/http://www.pharlap.org.nz/story.html | archive-date = 29 August 2009 | df = dmy-all }}

One of his greatest performances was winning the Agua Caliente Handicap in Mexico in track-record time in his final race.{{cite web|url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/leaving/agua.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731012321/http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/leaving/agua.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2008|title=Phar Lap, Agua Caliente|publisher=Museum of Victoria|page=1|access-date=2009-04-24}} He won in a different country, after a bad start many lengths behind the leaders, with no training before the race, and he split his hoof during the race.

After a sudden and mysterious illness, Phar Lap died in 1932 in Menlo Park, California.{{Cite book |last=Reason |first=Michael |title=Phar Lap - A True Legend |publisher=Museum Victoria |year=2005 |isbn=0-9577471-9-5 |location=Melbourne, Australia |pages=35–36 |language=en}} At the time, he was the third-highest stakes-winner in the world. His mounted hide is displayed at the Melbourne Museum, his skeleton at the Museum of New Zealand, and his heart at the National Museum of Australia.{{cite web | title = Phar Lap | publisher = The Australian Racing Museum | url = http://www.racingmuseum.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61&Itemid=253 | access-date = 2009-04-24}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/highlights/phar-laps-heart |title=Phar Lap's heart at the National Museum of Australia |access-date=19 December 2011 |archive-date=21 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621042734/http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/highlights/phar-laps-heart |url-status=dead }}

Name

The name Phar Lap derives from the common Zhuang and Thai word for lightning: ฟ้าแลบ {{IPA|th|fáː lɛ̂p|}}, literally 'sky flash'.{{cite web |url=http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/pharlap/horse/lightning.asp|title=Lightning |work=Phar Lap: Australia's wonder horse |publisher=Museum Victoria |access-date=2009-04-24}}

Phar Lap was called "The Wonder Horse," "The Red Terror," and "Big Red" (the latter nickname was also given to two of the greatest United States racehorses, Man o' War and Secretariat). He was affectionately known as "Bobby" to his strapper Tommy Woodcock{{cite web|url=http://www.mountainhomeplace.com/bobby.htm |title=Phar Lap called Bobby round the stables |publisher=Mountainhomeplace.com |access-date=2010-05-06}} He was also sometimes referred to as "Australia's Wonder Horse."{{cite web | title = Phar Lap | publisher = Museum Victoria | url = http://museumvictoria.com.au/PharLap/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070606215716/http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 June 2007 | access-date = 2009-04-24}}

According to the Museum of Victoria, Aubrey Ping, a medical student at the University of Sydney, suggested "Farlap" as the horse's name. Ping knew the word from his father, a Zhuang-speaking Chinese immigrant. Phar Lap's trainer Harry Telford liked the name, but changed the F to PH to create a seven letter word, which was split in two in keeping with the dominant naming pattern of Melbourne Cup winners.{{cite web|author=Museum Victoria |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/horse/lightning.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214162858/http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/horse/lightning.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2007 |title=Background to the naming of Phar Lap – Museum of Victoria |publisher=Museumvictoria.com.au |access-date=2010-05-06}}

Early life

A chestnut gelding, Phar Lap was foaled on 4 October 1926 in Seadown near Timaru in the South Island of New Zealand.{{cite web | title = The Horse | publisher = Museum Victoria | url = http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/horse/index.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070607004137/http://museumvictoria.com.au/pharlap/horse/index.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 7 June 2007 | access-date = 2009-04-24}} He was sired by Night Raid from Entreaty by Winkie. He was by the same sire as the Melbourne Cup winner Nightmarch. Phar Lap was a brother to seven other horses, Fortune's Wheel, Nea Lap (won 5 races), Nightguard, All Clear, Friday Night, Te Uira and Raphis, none of which won a principal (stakes) race. He was a half-brother to another four horses, only two of which were able to win any races at all.Pring, Peter; Analysis of Champion Racehorses, The Thoroughbred Press, Sydney, 1977, {{ISBN|0-908133-00-6}}

Sydney trainer Harry Telford persuaded American businessman David J. Davis to buy the colt at auction, based on his pedigree. Telford's brother Hugh, who lived in New Zealand, was asked to bid up to 190 guineas at the 1928 Trentham Yearling Sales. When the horse was obtained for a mere 160 guineas, he thought it was a great bargain until the colt arrived in Australia. The horse was gangly, his face was covered with warts, and he had an awkward gait. Davis was furious when he saw the colt as well, and refused to pay to train the horse. Telford had not been particularly successful as a trainer, and Davis was one of his few remaining owners. To placate Davis, he agreed to train the horse for nothing, in exchange for a two-thirds share of any winnings.{{cite web|url=http://tpo.tepapa.govt.nz/ViewTopicExhibitDetail.asp?ExhibitID=0x000a3af4&ExhibitionID=0x000a39ba&Language=English&dumbyparam=search|title=Phar Lap (1926–1932)|publisher=Te Papa|page=2|access-date=2009-04-24}} Telford leased the horse for three years and was eventually sold joint ownership by Davis.

Although standing a winning racehorse at stud could be quite lucrative, Telford gelded Phar Lap anyway, hoping the colt would concentrate on racing.

Racing career

Phar Lap finished last in the first race and did not place in his next three races. He won his first race on 27 April 1929, the Maiden Juvenile Handicap at Rosehill, ridden by Jack Baker of Armidale, a 17-year-old apprentice.{{cite web |url=http://www.sydneyracing.com.au/article.php?current_article=408 |title=Jack Baker rode himself into Australian racing history |author=Phil Purser |access-date=2007-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927092851/http://www.sydneyracing.com.au/article.php?current_article=408 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead }} He didn't race for several months but was then entered in a series of races, in which he moved up in class. Phar Lap took second in the Chelmsford Stakes at Randwick on 14 September 1929, and the racing community started treating him with respect. He won the Rosehill Guineas by three lengths on 21 September 1929, ridden by James L. Munro.

As his achievements grew, there were some who tried to halt his progress. Criminals tried to shoot Phar Lap{{cite web |url=http://www.pharlap.com.au/thestory |title=The Phar Lap Story |access-date=2009-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514065710/http://www.pharlap.com.au/thestory/ |archive-date=14 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4215656?searchTerm= |title=Shot fired at Phar Lap |publisher=Trove.nla.gov.au |date=3 November 1930 |access-date=2010-05-06}} on the morning of Saturday 1 November 1930 after he had finished track work. They missed, and later that day he won the Melbourne Stakes, and three days later the Melbourne Cup as odds-on favourite at 8 to 11.{{cite web |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?oid=70426&term=Phar+Lap|title= Collections:Phar Lap|author=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewar | access-date = 2009-04-20 }}

File:Phar Lap competing in a race, Melbourne, ca. 1930 .jpg

File:Pharlap1930melbournecup.jpg Race from Second Wind and Shadow King on 4 November 1930]]

In the four years of his racing career, Phar Lap won 37 of 51 races he entered, including the Melbourne Cup, being ridden by Jim Pike, in 1930 with 9 st 12 lb ({{convert|138|lb|kg}}).{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16728295?searchTerm= |title=Phar Lap wins the cup |publisher=Trove.nla.gov.au |date=5 November 1930 |access-date=2010-05-06}} In that year and 1931, he won 14 races in a row. From his win as a three-year-old in the VRC St. Leger Stakes until his final race in Mexico, Phar Lap won 32 of 35 races. In the three races that he did not win, he ran second on two occasions, beaten by a short head and a neck, and in the 1931 Melbourne Cup he finished eighth when carrying 10 st 10 lb ({{convert|150|lb|kg}}).

Phar Lap at the time was owned by American businessman David J. Davis and leased to Telford. After their three-year lease agreement ended, Telford had enough money to become joint owner of the horse. Davis then had Phar Lap shipped to North America to race. Telford did not agree with this decision and refused to go, so Davis, who along with his wife traveled to Mexico with him, brought Phar Lap's strapper Tommy Woodcock as his new trainer. Phar Lap was shipped by boat to Agua Caliente Racetrack near Tijuana, Mexico, to compete in the Agua Caliente Handicap, which was offering the largest prize money ever offered in North America racing. Phar Lap won in track-record time while carrying 129 pounds (58.5 kg). The horse was ridden by Australian jockey Billy Elliot for his seventh win from seven rides.{{cite news|last=Moriarty |first=Richard |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,20655125-662,00.html |title=Blame 'The Brazilian' |publisher=News.com.au |date=28 October 2006 |access-date=2010-05-06}} From there, the horse was sent to a private ranch near Menlo Park, California, while his owner negotiated with racetrack officials for special race appearances.

Death

Early on 5 April 1932, the horse's strapper for the North American visit, Tommy Woodcock, found him in severe pain and with a high temperature. Within a few hours, Phar Lap haemorrhaged to death. An autopsy revealed that the horse's stomach and intestines were inflamed, leading many to believe the horse had been deliberately poisoned. There have been alternative theories, including accidental poisoning from lead insecticide and a stomach condition. It was not until the 1980s that the infection could be formally identified.

In 2000, equine specialists studying the two necropsies concluded that Phar Lap probably died of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis, an acute bacterial gastroenteritis.{{cite book |title=Melbourne Cup 1930 |author=Geoff Armstrong and Peter Thompson |year=2000 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=978-1-74114-750-6 }}

File:Phar Lap mount.jpg and is now exhibited as a taxidermy mount by Melbourne Museum.]]

In 2006, Australian Synchrotron research scientists said it was almost certain Phar Lap was poisoned with a large single dose of arsenic in the hours before he died, perhaps supporting the theory that Phar Lap was killed on the orders of US gangsters, who feared the Melbourne Cup-winning champion would inflict big losses on their illegal bookmakers.{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1770876.htm |title=Phar Lap poisoned, scientists say |work=ABC News Online |date=23 October 2006 }}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37027569 |title=PHAR LAP WAS POISONED. |newspaper=The Courier-Mail |location=Brisbane |date=19 September 1936 |access-date=7 February 2011 |page=11 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} No evidence of involvement by a criminal element exists, however.{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2278343.htm |title=Catalyst (2008 report on arsenic death of Phar Lap) |work=ABC News Online |date=19 June 2008 }}

Sydney veterinarian Percy Sykes believes deliberate poisoning did not cause the death. He said "In those days, arsenic was quite a common tonic, usually given in the form of a solution (Fowler's Solution)", and suggests this was the cause of the high levels. "It was so common that I'd reckon 90 percent of the horses had arsenic in their system."{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200610/s1771619.htm |title=Phar Lap arsenic claims premature: expert |work=ABC News Online |date=23 October 2006 }}

In December 2007, Phar Lap's mane was tested for multiple doses of arsenic which, if found, would point to accidental poisoning.

In April 2008, an 82-page handwritten notebook belonging to Telford and containing recipes for tonics given to Phar Lap in the days before swabbing was sold by a Melbourne auction house. It showed that Phar Lap was given tonics designed to boost his performance that included arsenic, strychnine, cocaine and caffeine.{{Cite news |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/phar-lap-notebook-sells-for-37-000-20080424-ge702w.html |title= Phar Lap notebook sells for $37,000 |work=The Age/Australian Associated Press |date=24 April 2008 }} The find gave credence to Woodcock's deathbed admission in 1985 that Phar Lap may have been given an overdose of a tonic before the horse died in 1932. The notebook was sold to the Melbourne Museum for $37,000.

On 19 June 2008, the Melbourne Museum released the findings of the forensic investigation conducted by Ivan Kempson, University of South Australia, and Dermot Henry, Natural Science Collections at Museum Victoria. Kempson analysed six hairs from Phar Lap's mane at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago. These high resolution X-rays detect arsenic in hair samples, showing the specific difference "between arsenic, which had entered the hair cells via the blood and arsenic which had infused the hair cells by the taxidermy process when he was stuffed and mounted at the museum".{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/horseracing/its-official-phar-lap-was-poisoned/2008/06/19/1213770778284.html |title=Sydney Morning Herald: It's official, Phar Lap was poisoned |publisher=Smh.com.au |date=19 June 2008 |access-date=2010-05-06}}{{cite journal |author=Kempson I, Henry D |title=Synchrotron Radiation Reveals Arsenic Poisoning and Metabolism in Hair: The Case of Phar Lap |journal=Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. |year=2010 |volume=49 |issue=25 |pages=4237–4240 |doi=10.1002/anie.200906594|pmid=20432493 }}

Kempson and Henry discovered that in the 30 to 40 hours before Phar Lap's death, the horse ingested a massive dose of arsenic. "We can't speculate where the arsenic came from, but it was easily accessible at the time", Henry said.{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/rah/news?slug=ap-australia-pharlap&prov=ap&type=lgns |title=Yahoo! Sports: Phar Lap died of arsenic poisoning |publisher=Sports.yahoo.com |access-date=2010-05-06 |archive-date=27 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627040913/http://sports.yahoo.com/rah/news?slug=ap-australia-pharlap&prov=ap&type=lgns |url-status=dead }}

In October 2011 the Sydney Morning Herald published an article in which a New Zealand physicist and information from Phar Lap's strapper state that the great horse was never given any tonic with arsenic and that he died of an infection.{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/horseracing/phar-lap-poisoning-theory-down-the-drain-20111030-1mqh4.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Phar Lap poisoning theory down the drain}} Said Putt, "Unless we are prepared to say that Tommy Woodcock was a downright liar, which even today, decades after the loveable and respected horseman's death, would ostracise us with the Australian racing public, we must accept him on his word. The ineluctable conclusion we are left with, whether we like it or not, is that Phar Lap's impeccable achievements here and overseas were utterly tonic, stimulant, and drug-free."

Contradicting this is the tonic book of Harry Telford, Phar Lap's owner and trainer, on display in Museum Victoria, Melbourne. One recipe for a "general tonic" has a main ingredient of arsenic and has written below it: "A great tonic for all horses".{{cite web |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/1373916/tonic-book-harry-telford-phar-lap-1930s |title=Tonic Book – Harry Telford, Phar Lap, 1930s |access-date=19 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424203429/http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/1373916/tonic-book-harry-telford-phar-lap-1930s |archive-date=24 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}

Legacy

File:PharLap'sHeart.jpg. It was formerly held by the Institute of Anatomy in Canberra.]]

Following his death, Phar Lap's heart was donated to the Institute of Anatomy in Canberra and his skeleton to the New Zealand's National Museum in Wellington. After preparations of the hide by New York City taxidermist Louis Paul Jonas,{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/oct/04/phar-laps-90th-birthday-celebrated-with-cake-cameras-and-a-living-portrait

|title=Phar Lap's 90th birthday|last=Wallquist|first=Calla|date=3 October 2016 |website=www.TheGuardian.com|publisher= Guardian News & Media|access-date=20 July 2021}} Phar Lap's stuffed body was placed in the Australia Gallery at Melbourne Museum. The hide and the skeleton were put on exhibition together when Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa lent the skeleton to the Melbourne Museum in September 2010 as part of celebrations for the 150th running of the 2010 Melbourne Cup.{{CiteQ|Q106839617}}

Phar Lap's heart was remarkable for its size, weighing {{convert|6.2|kg|lbs}}, compared with a normal horse's heart at {{convert|3.2|kg|lbs}}. Now held at the National Museum of Australia in Canberra, it is the object visitors most often request to see. The author and film maker Peter Luck was convinced the heart is a fake. In Luck's 1979 television series This Fabulous Century, the daughter of Walker Neilson, the government veterinarian who performed the first post-mortem on Phar Lap, says her father told her the heart was necessarily cut to pieces during the autopsy, and the heart on display is that of a draughthorse.David Dale, "Fakes & Fictions", Sydney Morning Herald, 18 September 1999, Spectrum, p.7s However the expression "a heart as big as Phar Lap" to describe a very generous or courageous person became a popular idiom.{{cite book|title=Australia|author=Jeffery Pike and Brian Bell|page=105|publisher=Langenscheidt|year=2002|isbn=9812347992}}{{cite book|title=Speaking Our Language: The Story of Australian English|author=Bruce Moore|page=205|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0195565782}}

Several books and films have featured Phar Lap, including the 1983 film Phar Lap, and the song "Phar Lap—Farewell To You".

Phar Lap was one of five inaugural inductees into both the Australian Racing Hall of Fame and New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame. In the Blood-Horse magazine ranking of the Top 100 U.S. Thoroughbred champions of the 20th century, Phar Lap was ranked No. 22.

The horse is considered to be a national icon in both Australia and New Zealand.{{cite web | title = Sportsmen and women (... and a horse and a boat). | work = Australian Government | publisher = Australian High Commission – New Zealand | url = http://www.australia.org.nz/wltn/OzK_Sports.html | access-date = 2009-04-24}}{{cite web |url=http://www.pharlap.org.nz/index.html |title=Phar Lap's return to Timaru |work=The Phar Lap Trust |access-date=25 April 2009 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130084922/http://www.pharlap.org.nz/index.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/955cbeae7df9460dca256c8c00152d2b/071f621f40e42175ca25708f000b46da!OpenDocument |title=Minister promotes Spring Racing Carnival in New Zealand |work=From the Minister for Racing, Minister for tourism|access-date=27 April 2009}} In 1978 he was honoured on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post{{Cite web| title=Australia 50c stamp | url=http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0012460.jpg | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213043816/http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0012460.jpg | archive-date=2010-02-13}} and features in the Australian citizenship test.{{cite web |url=http://www.democrats.org.au/articles/index.htm?article_id=159 |title=Just how Australian are you? |publisher=Democrats.org.au |date=5 October 2007 |access-date=2010-05-06 |archive-date=14 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014232258/http://democrats.org.au/articles/index.htm?article_id=159 |url-status=dead }}

Phar Lap has been honoured with a $500,000 life-sized bronze memorial near his birthplace in Timaru, New Zealand, that was unveiled on 25 November 2009. The statue is located at the entrance to Phar Lap Raceway in Washdyke.{{cite web |date=26 November 2009 |title=Phar Lap sculpture unveiled in Timaru |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/16568/phar-lap-sculpture-unveiled-in-timaru |access-date=6 February 2019 |website=Radio New Zealand}} There is also a life-sized bronze statue at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne.[http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an12549243-72 Photo of the statue of Phar Lap at Flemington Racecourse] – National Library of Australia

Phar Lap has several residential streets named after him in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. (In many cases, the name is merged into a single word "Pharlap".)

In 1931, Gilbert Percy Whitley, an ichthyologist at the Australian Museum, proposed a new genus of seahorse, Farlapiscis,{{cite journal |last1=Whitley |first1=Gilbert P. |title=New Names for Australian Fishes |journal=The Australian Zoologist |date=1931 |volume=6 |issue=4 |page=313 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38710890}} named after Phar Lap.{{cite book |last1=Whitley |first1=Gilbert |last2=Allan |first2=Joyce |title=The Sea-Horse and its Relatives |date=1958 |publisher=Georgian House |location=Melbourne |page=35 |chapter=Phar Lap, The Short-Snouted or Yellow-Ringed Sea Horse}}{{cite book |last1=Scales |first1=Helen |author-link=Helen Scales |title=Poseidon's Steed: The Story of Seahorses, from Myth to Reality |date=2009 |publisher=Gotham Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-101-13376-7 |chapter=Notes: Chapter 2 |at=Footnote 28}} Farlapiscis was subsequently categorised as a junior synonym of the genus Hippocampus.{{cite journal |last1=Ginsburg |first1=Isaac |title=Review of the Seahorses (Hippocampus) Found on the Coasts of the American Continents and of Europe |journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |date=1937 |volume=83 |issue=2997 |page=530 |doi=10.5479/si.00963801.83-2997.497 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7768089}}{{cite journal |last1=Kuiter |first1=Rudie H. |title=Revision of the Australian seahorses of the genus Hippocampus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) with descriptions of nine new species |journal=Records of the Australian Museum |date=2001 |volume=53 |issue=3 |page=297 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1975.53.2001.1350|doi-access=free }}

1930 racebook

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P1.jpg|1930 AJC St Leger racebook front cover

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P2.jpg|1930 AJC St Leger showing raceday officials

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P4.jpg|1930 AJC St Leger and the winner, Phar Lap

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P6.jpg|1930 AJC St Leger raceday showing music entertainment for patrons

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P5.jpg|Raceday catering arrangements and racecourse detectives

File:1930 AJC St Leger Racebook P3.jpg|Back cover showing charges at the entrance gates

Race record

=1928/1929: Two-year-old season=

class="wikitable sortable"
style="width: 6em;" | Result

! style="width: 20em;" | Race

! style="width: 6em;" | Date

! style="width: 6em;" | Distance

! style="width: 6em;" | Weight

! style="width: 10em;" | Winner or 2nd

! style="width: 6em;" | Pos'n

13th

| RRC Nursery Hcp

| 23/02/1929

| 5{{fraction|1|2}}f

| 6.11

| Exact

| 1st

7th

| Hawkesbury Two Year Old Hcp

| 02/03/1929

| 5f

| 7.3

| Sheila

| 1st

| RRC Nursery Hcp

| 16/03/1929

| 6f

| 6.7

| My Talisman

| 1st

8th

| AJC Easter Stakes

| 01/04/1929

| 7f

| 7.6

| Carradale

| 1st

Won

| RRC Maiden Juvenile Hcp

| 27/04/1929

| 6f

| 7.9

| Voleuse

| 2nd

=1929/1930: Three-year-old season=

class="wikitable sortable"
style="width: 6em;" | Result

! style="width: 20em;" | Race

! style="width: 6em;" | Date

! style="width: 6em;" | Distance

! style="width: 6em;" | Weight

! style="width: 10em;" | Winner or 2nd

! style="width: 6em;" | Pos'n

| AJC Denham Court Hcp

| 03/08/1929

| 6f

| 7.2

| Killarney

| 1st

4th

| RRC Three Year Old Hcp

| 17/08/1929

| 7f

| 7.13

| Firbolg / King Crow

| 1st

8th

| RRC Three & Four Year Old Hcp

| 24/08/1929

| 7f

| 7.6

| Ticino

| 1st

4th

| AJC Warwick Stakes (wfa)

| 31/08/1929

| 8f

| 7.6

| Limerick

| 1st

2nd

| Tatts Chelmsford Stakes (wfa)

| 14/09/1929

| 9f

| 7.6

| Mollison

| 1st

Won

| RRC Rosehill Guineas

| 21/09/1929

| 9f

| 8.5

| Lorason

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Derby

| 05/10/1929

| 12f

| 8.10

| Carradale

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Craven Plate (wfa)

| 09/10/1929

| 10f

| 7.8

| Mollison

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Derby

| 02/11/1929

| 12f

| 8.10

| Carradale

| 2nd

3rd

| VRC Melbourne Cup

| 05/11/1929

| 2 m

| 7.6

| Nightmarch

| 1st

3rd

| VATC St George Stakes (wfa)

| 15/02/1930

| 9f

| 8.10

| Amounis

| 1st

Won

| VRC St Leger Stakes

| 01/03/1930

| 14f

| 8.10

| Sir Ribble

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Governor's Plate (wfa)

| 06/03/1930

| 12f

| 7.13

| Lineage

| 2nd

Won

| VRC King's Plate (wfa)

| 08/03/1930

| 2 m

| 7.11

| Second Wind

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Chipping Norton Stakes (wfa)

| 12/04/1930

| 10f

| 8.10

| Amounis

| 2nd

Won

| AJC St Leger

| 19/04/1930

| 14f

| 8.10

| Sir Ribble

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Cumberland Stakes (wfa)

| 23/04/1930

| 14f

| 8.1

| Donald

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Plate (wfa)

| 26/04/1930

| 2{{fraction|1|4}} m

| 7.13

| Nightmarch

| 2nd

Won

| SAJC Elder Stakes (wfa)

| 10/05/1930

| 9f

| 8.4

| Fruition

| 2nd

Won

| King's Cup

| 17/05/1930

| 12f

| 9.5

| Nadean

| 2nd

=1930/1931: Four-year-old season=

class="wikitable sortable"
style="width: 6em;" | Result

! style="width: 20em;" | Race

! style="width: 6em;" | Date

! style="width: 6em;" | Distance

! style="width: 6em;" | Weight

! style="width: 10em;" | Winner or 2nd

! style="width: 6em;" | Pos'n

2nd

| AJC Warwick Stakes (wfa)

| 30/08/1930

| 8f

| 8.11

| Amounis

| 1st

Won

| Tatts Chelmsford Stakes (wfa)

| 13/09/1930

| 9f

| 9.4

| Nightmarch

| 2nd

Won

| RRC Hill Stakes (wfa)

| 20/09/1930

| 8f

| 9.4

| Nightmarch

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Spring Stakes (wfa)

| 04/10/1930

| 12f

| 8.11

| Nightmarch

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Craven Plate (wfa)

| 08/10/1930

| 10f

| 8.11

| Nightmarch

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Randwick Plate (wfa)

| 11/10/1930

| 2 m

| 8.11

| Donald

| 2nd

Won

| MVRC W. S. Cox Plate (wfa)

| 25/10/1930

| 9{{fraction|1|2}}f

| 8.11

| Tregilla

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Melbourne Stakes (wfa)

| 01/11/1930

| 10f

| 8.11

| Tregilla

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Melbourne Cup

| 04/11/1930

| 2 m

| 9.12

| Second Wind

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Linlithgow Stakes (wfa)

| 06/11/1930

| 8f

| 8.12

| Mollison

| 2nd

Won

| VRC C.B. Fisher Plate (wfa)

| 08/11/1930

| 12f

| 8.12

| Second Wind

| 2nd

Won

| VATC St George Stakes (wfa)

| 14/02/1931

| 9f

| 9.7

| Induna

| 2nd

Won

| VATC Futurity Stakes (wfa)

| 21/02/1931

| 7f

| 10.3

| Mystic Peak

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Essendon Stakes (wfa)

| 28/02/1931

| 10f

| 8.7

| Lampra

| 2nd

Won

| VRC King's Plate (wfa)

| 04/03/1931

| 12f

| 9.7

| Glare

| 2nd

2nd

| VRC C.M. Lloyd Stakes (wfa)

| 07/03/1931

| 8f

| 9.7

| Waterline

| 1st

= 1931/1932: Five-year-old season=

class="wikitable sortable"
style="width: 6em;" | Result

! style="width: 20em;" | Race

! style="width: 6em;" | Date

! style="width: 6em;" | Distance

! style="width: 6em;" | Weight

! style="width: 10em;" | Winner or 2nd

! style="width: 6em;" | Pos'n

Won

| WRC Underwood Stakes (wfa)

| 25/08/1931

| 8f

| 9.0

| Rondalina

| 2nd

Won

| VATC Memsie Stakes (wfa)

| 05/09/1931

| 9f

| 9.8

| Rondalina

| 2nd

Won

| RRC Hill Stakes (wfa)

| 19/09/1931

| 8f

| 9.0

| Chide

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Spring Stakes (wfa)

| 03/10/1931

| 12f

| 9.2

| Chide

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Craven Plate (wfa)

| 07/10/1931

| 10f

| 9.1

| Pentheus

| 2nd

Won

| AJC Randwick Plate (wfa)

| 10/10/1931

| 16f

| 9.3

| Chide

| 2nd

Won

| MVRC W. S. Cox Plate (wfa)

| 24/10/1931

| 10f

| 9.4

| Chatham

| 2nd

Won

| VRC Melbourne Stakes (wfa)

| 31/10/1931

| 10f

| 9.1

| Concentrate

| 2nd

8th

| VRC Melbourne Cup

| 03/11/1931

| 16f

| 10.10

| White Nose

| 1st

Won

| Agua Caliente Hcp

| 20/03/1932

| 10f

| 9.3

| Reveille Boy

| 2nd

Total: 51 starts – 37 wins, 3 seconds, 2 thirds, 2 fourths, 7 unplaced

Pedigree

{{Pedigree

| name = Phar Lap (NZ) (2-r), chestnut gelding, 1926

| f = Night Raid (GB)
B. 1918

| m = Entreaty (NZ)
Blk. 1920

| ff = Radium (GB)
B. 1903

| fm = Sentiment (GB)
B. 1912

| mf = Winkie (GB)
Ch. 1912

| mm = Prayer Wheel (NZ)
B. 1905

| fff = Bend Or

| ffm = Taia

| fmf = Spearmint

| fmm = Flair

| mff = William the Third

| mfm = Conjure

| mmf = Pilgrim's Progress

| mmm = Catherine Wheel

| ffff = Doncaster

| fffm = Rouge Rose

| ffmf = Donovan

| ffmm = Eira

| fmff = Carbine (NZ)

| fmfm = Maid of the Mint

| fmmf = St. Frusquin

| fmmm = Glare

| mfff = St.Simon

| mffm = Gravity

| mfmf = Juggler

| mfmm = Connie

| mmff = Isonomy

| mmfm = Pilgrimage

| mmmf = Maxim

| mmmm = Miss Kate (F-No.2-r)

}}

See also

Notes

{{Reflist|30em}}