Phintella pygmaea
{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Phintella.versicolor.male.png
| image_caption = The related male Phintella versicolor
| taxon = Phintella pygmaea
| authority = Wesołowska, 1981
}}
Phintella pygmaea is an endemic species of jumping spider in the genus Phintella that lives in China. It was first described in 1981 by Wanda Wesołowska from a holotype discovered in Guangdong. Only the female has been identified. The spider is small, with a brown cephalothorax and yellow abdomen. It has distinctive half-crescent markings on the cephalothorax and a ridge marked by two depressions on the small epigyne.
Taxonomy
Euophrys pygmaea is a species of jumping spider that was first described in 1981 by Wanda Wesołowska.{{cite web|author=World Spider Catalog|year=2017|title=Phintella pygmaea (Wesolowska, 1981)|website=World Spider Catalog|publisher=Natural History Museum|place=Bern|url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/31941|version=18.0|accessdate=23 April 2017}} It was one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arahcnologist during her career.{{sfn|Wiśniewski|2020|page=6}} The species name is derived from the Latin word for dwarf. The genus, Euophrys was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1834.{{sfn|Zha|Jin|Zhang|2014|page=368}} The name derives from two Greek words, meaning good and eyelids.{{sfn|Fernández-Rubio|2013|page=127}}
In 2000, the species was moved to the genus Phintella by Dmitri V. Logunov and Yu M. Marusik based the appearance of the female holotype.{{sfn|Logunov|Marusik|2000|page=268}} This genus had been raised in 1906 by Embrik Strand and W. Bösenberg. The genus name derives from the genus Phintia, which it resembles.{{sfn|Bösenberg|Strand|1906|page=333}} The genus Phintia was itself renamed Phintodes, which was subsequently absorbed into Tylogonus.{{sfn|Cameron|Wijesinghe|1993|page=16}} There are similarities between spiders within genus Phintella and those in Chira, Chrysilla, Euophrys, Icius, Jotus and Telamonia.{{sfn|Prószyński|1983|page=43}} Genetic analysis confirms that it is related to the genera Helvetia and Menemerus and is classified in the tribe Chrysillini.{{sfn|Maddison|Hedin|2003|page=541}}{{sfn|Maddison|2015|page=231}} There is some uncertainty about the exact taxonomy of the species as only one example has been identified.{{sfn|Logunov|Marusik|2000|page=269}}
Description
Only the female has yet been identified. The spider was initially described based on a holotype specimen found in 1965. The spider is small, with a brown oval cephalothorax that measures {{convert|1.69|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length. It has two distinctive lighter markings behind the eye field that are shaped like half crescents.{{sfn|Wesołowska|1981|page=49}} The eye field itself is black. The abdomen is pale yellow, although slight traces of brown belts may be seen, and is {{convert|1.75|mm|in|abbr=on}} long. The spider has a very small epigyne which has a ridge lined by two depressions.{{sfn|Wesołowska|1981|page=50}}{{sfn|Peng|2020|page=306}}
Distribution
References
=Citations=
{{Reflist|30em}}
=Bibliography=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Bösenberg|first1=W.|last2=Strand|first2=Embrik|year=1906|title=Japanische Spinnen|trans-title=Japanese Spiders|journal=Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft|volume=30|pages=93–422}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Cameron|first1=H. D.|last2=Wijesinghe|first2=D. P.|year=1993|title=Simon's Keys to the Salticid Groups|journal=Peckhamia|volume=3|number=1|pages=1–26}}
- {{cite journal|last=Fernández-Rubio|first=Fidel|title=La etimología de los nombres de las arañas (Araneae)|trans-title=The etymology of the names of spiders (Araneae)|journal=Revista ibérica de Aracnología|number=22|pages=125–130|ISSN=1576-9518|year=2013|language=ES}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Logunov|first1=Dmitri V.|last2=Marusik|first2=Yu M.|year=2000|title=Miscellaneous notes on Palaearctic Salticidae (Arachnidaa: Aranei)|journal=Arthropoda Selecta|volume=8|number=4|pages=263–292}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Maddison|first1=Wayne P.|first2=Marshal C.|last2=Hedin|title=Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae: Salticidae)|journal=Invertebrate Systematics|volume=17|number=4|year=2003|page=529–549}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Maddison|first1=Wayne P.|title=A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)|journal=The Journal of Arachnology|year= 2015|volume=43|number=3|pages=231–292|doi=10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292|s2cid=85680279 }}
- {{cite book|last=Peng|first=Xianjin|year=2020|title={{lang|zh|中固功物志: 元香椎劫物第五十三卷: 蛛形鋼 蜘蛛目 跳蛛科}}|trans-title=Fauna Sinica, Invertebrata 53, Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae|publisher=Science Press|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-03063-853-3|language=ZH}}
- {{cite journal|last=Prószyński|first=Jerzy|year=1983|title=Position of genus Phintella (Araneae: Salticidae)|journal=Acta Arachnologica|volume=31|number=2|pages=43–48}}
- {{cite journal|last=Wesołowska|first=W.|year=1981|title=Salticidae (Aranei) from North Korea, China and Mongolia|journal=Annales Zoologici, Warszawa|volume=36|pages=45–83}}
- {{cite journal|last=Wiśniewski|first=Konrad|title=Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4899|number=1|year=2020|pages=5–14|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Zha|first1=Shanjie|first2=Chi|last2=Jin|first3=Feng|last3=Zhang|title=The first description of the male Euophrys atrata and E. bulbus from southern China (Araneae: Salticidae)|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3779|number=3|year=2014|pages=368–374}}
{{refend}}
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