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Phukha language

{{Short description|Loloish language of Vietnam and China}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Phukha

|nativename=Phula

|states=China, Vietnam

|ethnicity=18,000 Phula people (undated – 2009)

|speakers=100,000

|date=2008–2011

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Lolo-Burmese

|fam3=Loloish

|fam4=Southeastern

|fam5=Highland Phula

|fam6=Phowa

|fam7=Hlepho–Phukha

|iso3=phh

|glotto=phuk1235

|glottorefname=Phukha

|notice=IPA

}}

Phukha is a Loloish language spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.

Distribution

Phukha is spoken near Lao Cai town; Xin Mun District of Ha Giang Province and Lai Chau and Son La Provinces in Vietnam and villages in Maguan, Malipo and Hekou Counties in China. Phula people in Yen Bai Province do not speak Phukha but speak Laghuu.

Phonology

= Consonants =

Phukha has the following consonants.Pelkey 2005.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
rowspan="2" colspan="2" |

! rowspan="2"| Labial

! colspan="3"| Coronal

! rowspan="2"| Retroflex

! rowspan="2"| Palatal

! rowspan="2"| Velar

! rowspan="2"| Uvular

{{small|Plain}}

! {{small|Lateral}}

! {{small|Sibilant}}

rowspan="3" | Plosive/
Affricate

! {{small|Aspirated}}

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tɬʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tsʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʂʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʃʰ}}

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

|

{{small|Voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

| {{IPAlink|tɬ}}

| {{IPAlink|ts}}

| {{IPAlink|tʂ}}

| {{IPAlink|tʃ}}

| {{IPAlink|k}}

|

{{small|Voiced}}

| {{IPAlink|b}}

| {{IPAlink|d}}

| {{IPAlink|dɮ}}

|

|

|

| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|

rowspan="3" | Fricative

! {{small|Voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|f}}

| {{IPAlink|s}}

| {{IPAlink|ɬ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ʂ}}

| {{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|χ}}

{{small|Voiced}}

| {{IPAlink|v}}

| {{IPAlink|z}}

| {{IPAlink|ɮ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ʐ}}

| {{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ʁ}}

{{small|Laryngealized}}

| v̰

| z̰

|

|

|

| ʒ̰

|

|

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

|

|

|

|

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" | Approximant

| {{IPAlink|w}}

|

| {{IPAlink|l}}

|

|

| {{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

= Vowels =

Phukha has the following vowels.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"

! rowspan=2 |

! rowspan=2 | front

! rowspan=2 | central

! colspan=2 | back

unrounded

! rounded

High

| {{IPAlink|i}} || {{IPAlink|ɨ}} || {{IPAlink|ɯ}} || {{IPAlink|u}}

High-mid

| {{IPAlink|e}} || {{IPAlink|ə}} || || {{IPAlink|o}}

Low-mid

| {{IPAlink|ɛ}} || || {{IPAlink|ʌ}} || {{IPAlink|ɔ}}

Low

| || {{IPAlink|a}} || ||

= Tones =

Phukha has five tones: high {{IPA|/˥/}} (/55/), mid {{IPA|/˧/}} (/33/), low {{IPA|/˨/}} (/22/), low-rising {{IPA|/˨˦/}} (/24/), and low-falling {{IPA|/˨˩/}} (/21/).

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
  • Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/pelkey2005puzzling.pdf Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch]," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.

{{Languages of China}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Lolo-Burmese languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phukha Language}}

Category:Loloish languages