Coronal consonant

{{Short description|Type of consonant sound involving tongue placement}}

{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}

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Coronals, previously called point-and-blade consonants, are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Among places of articulation, only the coronal consonants can be divided into as many articulation types: apical (using the tip of the tongue), laminal (using the blade of the tongue), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or subapical (using the underside of the tongue) as well as different postalveolar articulations (some of which also involve the back of the tongue as an articulator): palato-alveolar, alveolo-palatal and retroflex. Only the front of the tongue (coronal) has such dexterity among the major places of articulation, allowing such variety of distinctions. Coronals have another dimension, grooved, to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.

Places of articulation

Coronal places of articulation include the dental consonants at the upper teeth, the alveolar consonants at the upper gum (the alveolar ridge), the various postalveolar consonants (including domed palato-alveolar, laminal alveolo-palatal, and apical retroflex) just behind that, the subapical retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate, and linguolabial consonants with the tongue against the upper lip. Alveolo-palatal and linguolabial consonants sometimes behave as dorsal and labial consonants, respectively, rather than as coronals.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Coronal sibilants

! colspan="2" |

! IPA
symbol

! meaning

rowspan="13" | place
of articulation

! rowspan="4" | passive
(mouth)

! {{angbr IPA|s̪}}

| dental

{{angbr IPA|s̟}}

| advanced
(denti-alveolar)

{{angbr IPA|s͇}}

| alveolar

{{angbr IPA|s̠}}

| retracted
(postalveolar)

rowspan="3" | active
(tongue)

! {{angbr IPA|s̺}}

| apical

{{angbr IPA|s̻}}

| laminal

{{angbr IPA|ʂ}}

| retroflex

rowspan="6" | secondary

! {{angbr IPA|sʲ}}

| palatalized coronal

{{angbr IPA|ɕ}}

| alveolo-palatal

{{angbr IPA|ʃ}}

| palato-alveolar

{{angbr IPA|sʷ}}

| labialized coronal

{{angbr IPA|sˠ}}

| velarized coronal

{{angbr IPA|sˤ}}

| pharyngealized coronal

colspan="2" | voice-onset time

! {{angbr IPA|sʰ}}

| aspirated coronal

|}

Examples

=Arabic=

In Arabic and Maltese philology, the sun letters represent coronal consonants.

=European=

class="wikitable"

|+ European coronal consonants

! IPA
symbol

! Name of the consonant

! Language

! Example

! IPA

{{angbr IPA|z}}

| Voiced alveolar sibilant

| rowspan="11" | English

| zoo || {{IPA|/zuː/}}

{{angbr IPA|s}}

| Voiceless alveolar sibilant

| sea || {{IPA|/siː/}}

{{angbr IPA|ð}}

| Voiced dental fricative

| that || {{IPA|/ðæt/}}

{{angbr IPA|θ}}

| Voiceless dental fricative

| thud || {{IPA|/θʌd/}}

{{angbr IPA|ʒ}}

| Voiced palato-alveolar fricative

| vision'' || {{IPA|/ˈvɪʒən/}}

{{angbr IPA|ʃ}}

| Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative

| she || {{IPA|/ʃiː/}}

{{angbr IPA|n}}

| Alveolar nasal

| name || {{IPA|/neɪm/}}

{{angbr IPA|d}}

| Voiced alveolar plosive

| day || {{IPA|/deɪ/}}

{{angbr IPA|t}}

| Voiceless alveolar plosive

| tea || {{IPA|/tiː/}}

{{angbr IPA|ɹ}}

| Alveolar approximant

| reef || {{IPA|/ɹiːf/}}

{{angbr IPA|l}}

| Alveolar lateral approximant

| lift || {{IPA|/lɪft/}}

{{angbr IPA|r}}

| Alveolar trill

| rowspan="2" | Spanish

| perro || {{IPA|/ˈpero/}}

{{angbr IPA|ɾ}}

| Alveolar flap

| pero || {{IPA|/ˈpeɾo/}}

=Australian Aboriginal=

In Australian Aboriginal languages, coronals contrast with peripheral consonants.

class="wikitable" align="center"

|+Australian coronal consonants{{cite book|first=R. M. W. |last=Dixon | author-link=Robert M. W. Dixon |title=Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|id=|url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780|page=63|isbn=0521473780 }}

!rowspan=2|

!colspan=2| Laminal

!colspan=2| Apical

Alveopalatal

! Dental

! Alveolar

! Retroflex

Stop

|align="center"| {{IPA|c ~ t̠ʲ}}

|align="center"| {{IPA|t̪}}

|align="center"| {{IPA|t}}

|align="center"| {{IPA|ʈ}}

Nasal

|align="center" | {{IPA|ɲ ~ n̠ʲ}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|n̪}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|n}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|ɳ}}

Lateral

|align="center" | {{IPA|ʎ ~ l̠ʲ}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|l̪}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|l}}

|align="center" | {{IPA|ɭ}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{SOWL}}

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