Piran Viseh

{{short description|Iranian mythical figure}}

Piran e Viseh ({{langx|fa|پیرانِ ویسه|lit=Piran son of Viseh}}{{cite web|last1=Bashiri|first1=Iraj|title=Characters of Firdowsi's Shahname|url=https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Farr/shahnamecharacters.html|access-date=15 February 2016}}{{cite web|title=مغز متفکر شاهنامه (تحلیلی بر شخصیت پیران ویسه)|url=https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/196829/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-(%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87)|publisher=noormags|access-date=15 February 2016}}{{cite web|title=Piran in Shahnameh|url=http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/276714/default.aspx|access-date=15 February 2016}}) is a Turanian figure in Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. Beside Shahnameh, Piran is also mentioned in other sources such as Tabari and Tha'ālibī. He is the king of Khotan and the spahbed of Afrasiab, the king of Turan. He is described as a wise and intelligent man, seeking to bring peace to Iran and Turan{{Additional citation needed|date=July 2024}}. In old Iranian writings, Piran and Aghrirat are the only Turanians that have been described positively. Piran plays a vital role in the story of Siavash, the story of Kay Khosro and the story of Bizhan and Manizhe. Piran was killed by Goudarz in the battle of Davazdah Rokh. Kay Khosro mourned the death of Piran and ordered to wash his body with Musk and Ambergris and be buried in the cave of Zibad. In Persian culture, Piran is a symbol of wisdom.{{cite web|title=Piran Viseh|url=https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/13284|access-date=15 February 2016}} It has been said that Karim Khan called Mohammad Khan Qajar "Piran Viseh".{{cite web|title=دلبستگی موسس قاجاریه به شاهنامه/ شاهی که کریم‌خان وی را «پیران ‌ویسه» نامید|date=16 October 2014 |url=http://www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/report/209394/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF|publisher=IBNA.ir|access-date=15 February 2016}} Piran is often compared to Bozorgmehr.

According to djalal khaleghi motlagh, Piran may be the Median Harpagus that saved Cyrus the Great.{{cite web|title=Cyrus and Kay Khosro|url=http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/184521/default.aspx|access-date=15 February 2016}}

According to the book of Dr Abas Zamani Piran was buried in the cave of Zibad now called DarSufa Pir.{{cite web | url=http://parssea.org/?p=274 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414080357/http://parssea.org/?p=274 | archive-date=2016-04-14 | title=قلعه زیبد محل سکونت یزدگرد و گودرز | خلیج فارس }}

File:Darb Soufeh. a sassanid castel.JPG

According to Patrice Lajoye, Piran may not have been a real historical figure at all, but rather a euhemerized thunder deity descended from the Proto-Indo-European Perkwunos, whose name is cognate with the Slavic Perun and Sanskrit Parjanya.{{cite web|last=Lajoye|first=Patrice|title=There is no »Perun in the Caucasus«…but maybe an ancient Iranian thunder demon|url=http://sms.zrc-sazu.si/pdf/15/SMS-2012-11_Lajoye.pdf|publisher=Studia Mythologica Slavica|year=2012|access-date=21 June 2019}}