Piscobalaena
{{Short description|Extinct genus of mammals}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Piscobalaena
| fossil_range = Mid-Late Miocene (Mayoan-Huayquerian & Clarendonian)
~{{fossil range|11.608|5.332}}
| image = Piscobalaena nana.jpg
| image_alt = Fossil skull with broadswoard-like rostrum.
| image_caption = Piscobalaena nana skull
| taxon = Piscobalaena
| authority = G. Pilleri and H. J. Siber, 1989
| type_species = {{extinct}}Piscobalaena nana
| type_species_authority = G. Pilleri and H. J. Siber, 1989
| parent_authority = G. Pilleri and H. J. Siber, 1989
}}
Piscobalaena is an extinct genus of cetaceans, which lived from the Middle to Late Miocene epochs (about 11.6 to 5.3 million years ago) in Peru and Florida.[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63932 Piscobalaena] at Fossilworks.org Its fossils have been found in the Pisco Formation of Peru and the Bone Valley Formation of Florida.V. Bouetel and C. Muizon. 2006. The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru At least some individuals of this diminutive whale were preyed on by the shark O. megalodon.{{cite journal | first1 = A. | last1 = Collareta | first2 = O. | last2 = Lambert | first3 = W. | last3 = Landini | first4 = C. | last4 = Di Celma | first5 = E. | last5 = Malinverno | first6 = R. | last6 = Varas-Malca | first7 = M. | last7 = Urbina | first8 = G. | last8 = Bianucci | title = Did the giant extinct shark Carcharocles megalodon target small prey? Bite marks on marine mammal remains from the late Miocene of Peru | journal = Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology | volume = 469 | pages = 84–91 | doi = 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.001 | year = 2017 | bibcode = 2017PPP...469...84C | hdl = 10281/151854 | hdl-access = free }}
Description
File:Piscobalaena nana MNHN.F.SAS1617.png]]
This animal looked much like whales today, particularly small whales. The length was probably less than {{convert|5|m|ft}}, and the skull of an adult was about one meter. Piscobalaena is known for some well-preserved specimens, including three young individuals and an adult. Some characteristics of the skull distinguish Piscobalaena from modern whales (such as the shape of the supraorbital process).{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}
Classification
Described for the first time in 1989 by Pilleri and Siber,Pilleri, G. and Siber, H.J. 1989. Neuer Spättertiärer cetotherid (Cetacea, Mysticeti) aus der Pisco-Formation Perus. In: G. Pilleri (ed.), Beiträge zur Paläontologie der Cetaceen Perus, 109–115. Hirnanatomisches Institut, Ostermundigen, Bern. Piscobalaena is known from fossils found in the Pisco Formation in Peru. Piscobalaena is considered a representative of Cetotheriidae a group of baleen whales with primitive characteristics similar to that of Balaenoptera, fossil species of which have been found mainly in the northern hemisphere. The closest relative of Piscobalaena appears to have been Herpetocetus, from the Mio-Pliocene of the northern hemisphere.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}
Palaeogeography
Other fragmentary remains attributed to Piscobalaena are also from Peru, but date a little older (late Miocene, about 10 million years ago). So it seems that this kind of whales were located in the Pacific coast of South America and evolved for at least five million years. Other fossils attributed with some doubt to Piscobalaena come from the Miocene Bone Valley Formation of Florida: If so, then Piscobalaena might have had a wider distribution than the Peruvian coast. This could have been because the Isthmus of Panama was open until at least Late Pliocene, allowing the passage of marine species from the Atlantic to the Pacific and vice versa. Other marine mammals found in the Pisco Formation include the odd dolphin Odobenocetops, the long-necked seal Acrophoca, and aquatic sloth Thalassocnus.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}
References
{{Portal|Cetaceans|Paleontology|Peru|Prehistoric mammals}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Cetacea}}
{{Mysticeti Genera|M.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7198257}}
Category:Monotypic prehistoric cetacean genera
Category:Miocene mammals of South America
Category:Miocene mammals of North America
Category:Neogene United States
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1989
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