Piwniczna dialect

Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration.

-e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters. The group eł shifts to oł, and ił/ył shifts to uł both tautosyllabically and heterosyllabically. The Lechitic ablaut is often absent before hard dental consonants.

Slanted á raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó.

Medial -ę- decomposes to yN before non-sibilant consonants, and medial -ą- to oN. Before sibilants, nasality is retained for both. Final -ę denasalizes to -e, and final -ą can be nasal -ǫ or -o in the third person plural present tense of verbs, -o in the accusative feminine singular of adjectives, numerals, and pronouns, and -om in the instrumental feminine singular of adjectives, numerals, and pronouns.

Initial o- usually labializes to ô-. Initial a- may sporadically gain a prothetic h- or j-.

Final -ch shifts to either -f or -ch, with a preference for -f, in both stems as well as inflections. It shifts to k in many clusters in certain words: krzest (chrzest). Infintives ending in -ść, -źć are usually simplified to -ś, -ź. sz is often realized as ś in loanwords, a process unrelated to masuration. ł is often lost after a consonant. pół and pół- (as a prefix) are reduced to pu(-). trz, strz, drz usually simplify to cz, szcz, dż. źr is present instead of jrz. s may geminate in certain words.

Typical Goral inflectional tendencies are present here.

Nouns may show a lack of mobile e: mech||mechu. -a is preferred for the masculine genitive singular over -u. The archaic -e of feminine genitive singular of soft stems is preserved.

The masculine/neuter instrumental singular is formed with -em instead of -ym.

The imperative is formed with -ej instead of -aj. The first person plural present/future as well as imperative is formed with -ma instead of -my.

Typical word-formation tendencies of southern Poland can be found here.

The noun-forming suffix -ata is present here, albeit rare: odziata (odzienie).

Possessive adjectives may be formed with -in.

Iteratives are often formed with -uwać instead of -ywać/-iwać.

Plural forms may be used as a form of respect.

• Dialects of the Polish language
• Languages of Europe
• Polish language

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Category:Polish dialects

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