Plimoth Patuxet
{{Short description|Museum in Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.}}
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Plimoth Patuxet is a complex of living history museums in Plymouth, Massachusetts founded in 1947, formerly Plimoth Plantation. It replicates the original settlement of the Plymouth Colony established in the 17th century by the English colonists who became known as the Pilgrims. They were among the first people who emigrated to America to seek religious separation from the Church of England.[http://www.pilgrims.net/plymouth/history/ Plymouth Ma – Its History And People] It is a not-for-profit museum supported by administrations, contributions, grants, and volunteers.[http://www.plimoth.org/about/ About Plimoth Plantation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526084752/http://www.plimoth.org/about/ |date=2010-05-26 }} The recreations are based upon a wide variety of first-hand and second-hand records, accounts, articles, and period paintings and artifacts,{{Cite web |url=http://www.plimoth.org/discover/behind/ |title=Behind the Scenes articles |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-date=May 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529144827/http://www.plimoth.org/discover/behind/ |url-status=dead }} and the museum conducts ongoing research and scholarship, including historical archaeological excavation and curation locally and abroad.{{Cite web |url=http://www.plimoth.org/discover/archeology/colonial.php |title=Colonial Archeology at Plimoth Plantation |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513122208/http://www.plimoth.org/discover/archeology/colonial.php |url-status=dead }}
In the English Village section of the museum, trained first-person ("historical") interpreters speak, act, and dress appropriately for the period,[https://archive.today/20120805191437/http://www.voicenet.com/~frstprsn/alhfam/glossary.htm Glossary: First-Person Interpretation] interacting with visitors by answering questions, discussing their lives and viewpoints, and participating in tasks such as cooking, planting, and animal husbandry. Third-person ("modern") interpreters answer guests' questions that the first-person interpreters cannot.{{Cite web |url=http://www.plimoth.org/features/faqs/village-faq.php#37 |title=1624 English Village FAQs |access-date=November 19, 2010 |archive-date=November 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128042102/http://plimoth.org/features/faqs/village-faq.php#37 |url-status=dead }} The English Village represents the year 1627 through most of the museum season (which lasts from early April to late November), depicting day-to-day life and seasonal activities. In November, the English Village typically represents the year 1621, which is the year of the first Thanksgiving to take place in Plymouth Colony.
History
File:Plymouth Mayflower II.jpg
Henry Hornblower II, son of Ralph Hornblower, started the museum in 1947 with help and support from friends, family, and business associates as two English cottages and a fort on Plymouth's waterfront. Since then, the museum has grown to include the Mayflower II, a 1957 replica of the Mayflower, the English Village (1959), the Wampanoag Homesite (1973), the Hornblower Visitor Center (1987), the Craft Center (1992), the Maxwell and Nye Barns (1994), and the Plimoth Grist Mill (2013).{{Cite web|url=http://www.plimoth.org/about-us|title = About Us}} Alongside the settlement is a recreation of a Wampanoag home site, where Indians from a variety of tribes explain and demonstrate how the Wampanoags' ancestors lived.{{Cite news |last=Marcelo |first=Philip |date=2022-08-10 |title=Native Americans urge boycott of 'tone deaf' Pilgrim museum |url=https://apnews.com/article/travel-boycotts-education-museums-massachusetts-36eefe66a50099bc8266a06c7717a6d9 |access-date=2022-08-10 |work=AP News |language=en}}
The museum grounds at Plimoth Patuxet also include Nye Barn where historical breeds of livestock are kept, a crafts center where many objects are created for use in the village exhibits, a cinema where educational videos are shown, a Colonial Education site for youth and adult groups, and a visitors' center with indoor exhibits and educational programs. The two houses on the Colonial Education site were built for the PBS show Colonial House, which was filmed in Maine. Following the filming, the museum disassembled the houses and reconstructed them at on their current site.{{Cite web |url=http://www.plimoth.org/features/coledusite.php |title=The Colonial Educational Site at Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth Massachusetts |access-date=May 14, 2008 |archive-date=May 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509060935/http://www.plimoth.org/features/coledusite.php |url-status=dead }} The roof of the Cooke House was destroyed by a fire from a fireplace on November 19, 2011, and the building had to be demolished.{{cite news | date = 2011-11-20 | title = Fire ruins Plimoth Plantation house | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2011/11/20/fire-ruins-plimoth-plantation-house/lSJQXNzRuvKgN0EsL1QnKM/story.html/ | url-status = live | work = The Boston Globe | language = en-us | issn = 0743-1791 | lccn = sn83045150 | oclc = 66652431 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111122194627/http://bostonglobe.com/metro/2011/11/20/fire-ruins-plimoth-plantation-house/lSJQXNzRuvKgN0EsL1QnKM/story.html/ | archive-date = 2011-11-22 | access-date = 2022-05-11 | url-access = limited | quote = Firefighters quickly put out the blaze at the Cooke House, but the fire "ate up the whole roof by the time we got there," battalion chief Dean DelTorro said. No one was injured. Donovan said the building will be torn down. | df = dmy-all}}
Mayflower II is docked near Plymouth Rock and is also under the care of the museum. Museum employees in modern dress interpret history to guests from a third-person perspective.
=Name change=
In July 2020, officials announced that the museum would be renamed,{{cite news |last1 = Phillips | first1 = Lucas | date = 2020-07-12 | title = Plimoth Plantation to undergo a name change | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/12/metro/plimoth-plantation-undergo-name-change/ | url-status = live | work = The Boston Globe | language = en-us | issn = 0743-1791 | lccn = sn83045150 | oclc = 66652431 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210528144720/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/12/metro/plimoth-plantation-undergo-name-change/ | archive-date = 2021-05-28 | access-date = 2022-05-11 | url-access = limited | quote = The announcement came amid a wave of calls for renaming buildings and removing monuments across the country as part of a critical look at the United States' history of race, which the museum called an "inflection point." | df = dmy-all}} noting that their plan, "for some time, has been to announce a new name for the Museum later this year as we commemorate the 400th anniversary (1620–2020) of the Pilgrims' arrival on the shores of historic Patuxet."{{cite press release | date = 2020-07-06 | title = Commemorating 400 Years, Reflecting On Our Mission | url = https://plimoth.org/news-press/commemorating-400-years-reflecting-on-our-mission | url-status = live | type = Press release | language = en-us | publisher = Plimoth Patuxet | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211122010302/https://plimoth.org/news-press/commemorating-400-years-reflecting-on-our-mission | archive-date = 2021-11-22 | access-date = 2022-05-11 | via = | quote = Our plan, for some time, has been to announce a new name for the Museum later this year as we commemorate the 400th anniversary (1620-2020) of the Pilgrims' arrival on the shores of historic Patuxet. In the meantime, we are using a special mark as part of this year's commemoration. You'll see this reflected in much of our signage and on our social media accounts. | df = dmy-all }} It coincided with a wave of name changes caused by the George Floyd protests that year meant to be more inclusive. While the word "plantation" historically referred to a type of colony, and this was the sense intended for Plimoth Plantation, it soon came to refer to a type of farming estate established to grow cash crops, and in the modern era has become popularly associated with those plantations that employed slave labor, especially in the South.{{cite news | date = 2020-07-13 | title = Plimoth Plantation Name Change Will Better Represent Indigenous People | url = https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/07/13/plimoth-plantation-wampanoag-people-plymouth-pilgrims-living-museum-name-changes/ | url-status = live | work = WBZ News | language = en-us | location = Plymouth | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210120072108/https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/07/13/plimoth-plantation-wampanoag-people-plymouth-pilgrims-living-museum-name-changes/ | archive-date = 2021-01-20 | access-date = 2022-05-11 | quote = Plimoth Plantation, the first colonial settlement in New England will be changing their name later this year. The move will drop the word "plantation" and be represent the living museum's history, they say. "The name change is something we've been considering at the museum for over a year," said Kate Sheehan, associate director of media relations and marketing at Plimoth Plantation. | df = dmy-all }} Officials stated that discussions had been ongoing for more than a year to assess whether the existing name reflected "the full, multivalent history that is at the core of the museum's mission." While a new name was not yet revealed, the museum began using a new logo that read "Plimoth Patuxet" instead of "Plimoth Plantation".
Images
File:Plimoth Plantation Native American Wigwam.jpg|Wigwam and Wampanoag guide
File:Plimoth Plantation Canoe.jpg|American Indian canoes (mishoons) under construction
File:Wampanoag Wigwam Plimoth Patuxet.jpg|Inside wetu (house) or wigwam
File:Plimoth Plantation entrance.jpg|Entrance, with blacksmith shop on the right
File:Plimoth Plantation blacksmith.jpg|Blacksmith
File:Plimoth Plantation Mary Soule.jpg|Mary Soule, wife of George Soule
File:Plimoth Plantation house.jpg|House
File:Plimoth Plantation goats.jpg|Livestock
File:Longhorn cattle Plimoth Patuxet.jpg|A goodwife with longhorn
File:Plimoth Plantation fort and meeting house.jpg|Recreated fort; the original fort also served as First Parish Church in Plymouth and a colony meeting house on Burial Hill.
File:Plimoth Plantation view.jpg|View from the fort, looking down a recreation of Leyden Street, the first street in Plymouth
File:Plimoth Plantation Samuel Fuller.jpg|Dr. John Kemp, director of the Colonial Interpretation Department, portraying Samuel Fuller (Mayflower physician) at the church
File:Plimoth Plantation Fort.jpg|Fort (which actually stood on Burial Hill) as it might have appeared when coming up Leyden Street
File:Plimoth Plantation farm house.jpg|Pilgrim George Soule house
File:Plimouth Plantation Pilgrim house replicas.jpg|Pilgrim home
File:Druming Pilgrim Plimoth Patuxet.jpg|Drummer
File:Pilgrims lined Plimoth Patuxet.jpg|alt=
Plimoth-plantation 5540506329 o (1).jpg|Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick (center) during a 2011 visit
Notes
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External links
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- [http://www.plimoth.org/ Plimoth Patuxet Museums]
- [http://www.c-span.org/video/?163156-1/writings-william-bradford "Writings of William Bradford"] from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History, broadcast from Plimoth Plantation, March 19, 2001
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Category:1947 establishments in Massachusetts
Category:English colonization of the Americas
Category:Native American museums in Massachusetts
Category:Living museums in Massachusetts
Category:Open-air museums in Massachusetts
Category:Museums established in 1947