Podcast#Enhanced podcasts

"Podcast" is a portmanteau of "iPod" and "broadcast".{{cite web|last=|first=|year=2012|title=Podcast Production|url=http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k1967&pageid=icb.page23750|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710232048/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k1967&pageid=icb.page23750|archive-date=July 10, 2012|access-date=July 10, 2012|website=Harvard Graduate School of Education|language=en-US}}{{cite web|title=Definition of Podcast in English|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/podcast|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214090441/https://www.lexico.com/definition/podcast|archive-date=December 14, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=Lexico|language=en-GB}}{{cite web|last=Watson|first=Stephanie|date=March 26, 2005|title=How Podcasting Works § Podcasting History|url=https://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/podcasting1.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716160234/https://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/podcasting1.htm|archive-date=July 16, 2020|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en}} The earliest use of "podcasting" was traced to The Guardian columnist and BBC journalist Ben Hammersley, who coined it in early February 2004 while writing an article for The Guardian newspaper.{{cite web |last=Hammersley |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Hammersley |date=February 12, 2004 |title=Why Online Radio Is Booming |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621135820/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/12/broadcasting.digitalmedia |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=November 16, 2017 |website=The Guardian |language=en-GB |quote=But what to call it? Audioblogging? Podcasting? GuerillaMedia?}}{{cite web|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|author-link=Miranda Sawyer|date=November 20, 2015|title=The Man Who Accidentally Invented the Word 'Podcast'|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p038m811|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402224308/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p038m811|archive-date=April 2, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=BBC Radio 4|language=en-GB|format=MP3}} The term was first used in the audioblogging community in September 2004, when Danny Gregoire introduced it in a message to the iPodder-dev mailing list,{{cite web|last=Gregoire|first=Danny|date=September 12, 2004|title=How to Handle Getting Past Episodes?|url=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ipodder-dev/message/41|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413074906/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ipodder-dev/message/41|archive-date=April 13, 2013|access-date=July 4, 2020|website=Yahoo Groups|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Owens|first=Simon|date=February 6, 2015|title=Slate's Podcast Audience Has Tripled in a Year, and Its Bet on Audio Over Video Continues to Pay Off|url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2015/02/slates-podcast-audience-has-tripled-in-a-year-and-its-bet-on-audio-over-video-continues-to-pay-off/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206212044/https://www.niemanlab.org/2015/02/slates-podcast-audience-has-tripled-in-a-year-and-its-bet-on-audio-over-video-continues-to-pay-off/|archive-date=December 6, 2020|access-date=December 6, 2020|website=Nieman Lab|language=en-US}} from where it was adopted by podcaster Adam Curry.{{cite book|last=Levy|first=Steven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZfetA8UfE8C|title=The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness|date=October 23, 2006|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-8522-3|page=239|language=en|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200704200922/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YZfetA8UfE8C|archive-date=July 4, 2020|url-status=live}} Despite the etymology, the content can be accessed using any computer or similar device that can play media files. The term "podcast" predates Apple's addition of podcasting features to the iPod and the iTunes software.{{cite web|date=June 28, 2005|title=Apple Brings Podcasts Into iTunes|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4631051.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214090434/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4631051.stm|archive-date=December 14, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}

{{Main|History of podcasting}}

In September 2000,{{Cite web | url=http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2000/ego.html | title=I2Go eGo | access-date=August 8, 2009 | archive-date=February 24, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224095257/http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2000/ego.html | url-status=dead }} early MP3 player manufacturer i2Go offered a service called MyAudio2Go.com which allowed users to download news stories for listening on a PC or MP3 player. The service was available for about a year until i2Go's demise in 2001.{{cite news |last=Credeur |first=Mary Jane |date=September 10, 2001 |title=2Go is gone after burning through $7 million |newspaper=Atlanta Business Chronicle |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2001/09/10/newscolumn1.html}}

In October 2000, the concept of attaching sound and video files in RSS feeds was proposed in a draft by Tristan Louis.{{Cite web|last=Louis|first=Tristan|date=October 13, 2000|title=Suggestion for RSS 0.92 Specification|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/syndication/conversations/topics/698|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031070818/http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/syndication/conversations/topics/698|archive-date=October 31, 2013|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=groups.yahoo.com|language=en-US}} The idea was implemented by Dave Winer, a software developer and an author of the RSS format.{{Cite web|last=Pot|first=Justin|date=August 24, 2013|title=The Evolution of the Podcast – How a Medium Was Born [Geek History]|url=https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/the-evolution-of-the-podcast-how-a-medium-was-born-geek-history/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206171553/https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/the-evolution-of-the-podcast-how-a-medium-was-born-geek-history/|archive-date=December 6, 2020|access-date=December 6, 2020|website=MakeUseOf|language=en-US}}

In August 2004, Adam Curry launched his show Daily Source Code,

focused on chronicling his everyday life, delivering news, and discussions about the development of podcasting. Curry promoted new and emerging internet audio shows in an attempt to gain traction in the development of what would come to be known as podcasting.{{cite book|last1=Geoghegan|first1=Michael W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WkAzn9TfL9gC&pg=PA4|title=Podcast Solutions: The Complete Guide to Audio and Video Podcasting|last2=Klass|first2=Dan|date=November 4, 2007|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-59059-905-1|edition=2nd|location=New York|page=4|access-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820011111/https://books.google.com/books?id=WkAzn9TfL9gC&lpg=PR2&pg=PA4|archive-date=August 20, 2020|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Benson|first=Richard|date=November 14, 2019|title=An Aural History of the Podcast: The History of the Podcast (By Those Who Helped Make Them a Thing)|language=en|work=Esquire Middle East|url=https://www.esquireme.com/content/40979-an-aural-history-of-the-podcast|access-date=December 6, 2020}} Daily Source Code was initially directed at podcast developers. As its audience became interested in the format, these developers were inspired to create and produce their own projects and a community of pioneer podcasters quickly developed.{{cite web |last=Ciccarelli |first=Stephanie |date=August 27, 2013 |title=History of Podcasting |url=https://www.voices.com/resources/articles/podcasting/history-of-podcasting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827145619/http://www.voices.com/resources/articles/podcasting/history-of-podcasting |archive-date=August 27, 2013 |website=Voices.com}}

iPodderX, released in September 2004 by August Trometer and based on earlier work by Ray Slakinski, was the first GUI application for podcasts.[https://www.wired.com/2004/10/ipodderx-speaks/ IPodderX Speaks with RSS] - Wired, 5 October 2024{{cite web|date=March 16, 2013|title=Podcast|url=http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/technology_1/internet/1112804661/podcast/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630060559/http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/technology_1/internet/1112804661/podcast/|archive-date=June 30, 2013|access-date=December 6, 2020|website=redOrbit|language=en}}

In June 2005, Apple released iTunes 4.9, which added formal support for podcasts, thus negating the need to use a separate program in order to download and transfer them to a mobile device. Additionally, Apple issued cease-and-desist orders to many podcast application developers and service providers for using the term "iPod" or "Pod" in their products' names.{{cite web|last=Blass|first=Evan|date=September 24, 2006|title=With "Pod" on Lockdown, Apple Goes After "Podcast"|url=https://www.engadget.com/2006/09/24/with-pod-on-lockdown-apple-goes-after-podcast/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204160204/https://www.engadget.com/2006/09/24/with-pod-on-lockdown-apple-goes-after-podcast/|archive-date=February 4, 2019|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=Engadget|language=en}}

File:Podcasts (iOS).svg to represent podcasting in Apple Podcasts]]

By 2007, audio podcasts were doing what was historically accomplished via radio broadcasts, which had been the source of radio talk shows and news programs since the 1930s. This shift occurred as a result of the evolution of internet capabilities along with increased consumer access to cheaper hardware and software for audio recording and editing.{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Pinkston |title=Pinkston – The Rise of the Podcast |url=https://pinkston.co/the-rise-of-the-podcast |date=March 2021|access-date=August 21, 2022 |website=Pinkston |language=en-US}}

As of early 2019, the podcasting industry still generated little overall revenue,{{cite news |first1=Gerry |last1=Smith |title=Everybody Makes Podcasts. Can Anyone Make Them Profitable? |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-22/everybody-makes-podcasts-can-spotify-make-them-profitable |access-date=December 20, 2019 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg L.P |date=February 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022235022/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-22/everybody-makes-podcasts-can-spotify-make-them-profitable |archive-date=October 22, 2019}} although the number of persons listening to podcasts continued to grow steadily. Edison Research, which issues the Podcast Consumer quarterly tracking-report, estimated that 90 million persons in the U.S. had listened to a podcast in January 2019.{{cite web |author1 =Staff |title=The Podcast Consumer 2019 |url =http://www.edisonresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Edison-Research-Podcast-Consumer-2019.pdf |website=edisonresearch.com |publisher=Edison Research |access-date=December 20, 2019 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20191126171833/https://www.edisonresearch.com/the-podcast-consumer-2019/ |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |page=8 |date=April 5, 2019}} In 2020, 58% of the population of South Korea and 40% of the population of Spain had listened to a podcast in the last month; 12.5% of the UK population had listened to a podcast in the last week; and 22% of the United States population listened to at least one podcast weekly.{{Cite news |last=Sawyer |first=Miranda |date=May 3, 2020 |title=It's boom time for podcasts – but will going mainstream kill the magic? |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/may/03/its-boom-time-for-podcasts-but-will-going-mainstream-kill-the-magic |access-date=May 3, 2020|issn=0029-7712}} The form is also acclaimed for its low overhead for creators to start and maintain podcasting, merely requiring a microphone, a computer or mobile device, and associated software to edit and upload the final product. Some form of acoustic quieting is also often utilised.{{cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Steve |date=November 22, 2016 |title=Podcasts: Can They Hear Us Now |url =http://www.econtentmag.com/Articles/Column/Follow-the-Money/Podcasts-Can-They-Hear-Us-Now-114172.htm |magazine =EContent |publisher =Information Today, Inc. |volume =39 |issue =8 |page =9 |access-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190716190250/http://www.econtentmag.com/Articles/Column/Follow-the-Money/Podcasts-Can-They-Hear-Us-Now-114172.htm|archive-date=July 16, 2019}}

Between February March 10 and 25, 2005, Shae Spencer Management, LLC of Fairport, New York filed a trademark application to register the term "podcast" for an "online pre-recorded radio program over the internet". On September 9, 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) rejected the application, citing Wikipedia's entry on "Podcast" as describing the history of the term. The company amended their application in March 2006, but the USPTO rejected the amended application as not sufficiently differentiated from the original. In November 2006, the application was marked as abandoned.{{cite web |title=Podcast Trademark Rejection Documents |url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=78564869&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=documentSearch |access-date=November 15, 2017|website=USPTO |language=en}}

On September 26, 2004, it was reported that Apple Inc. had started to crack down on businesses using the string "POD", in product and company names. Apple sent a cease-and-desist letter that week to Podcast Ready, Inc., which markets an application known as "myPodder".{{cite web |last=Holliman |first=Russell |date=September 26, 2006 |title=Podcast Ready Receives Cease & Desist from Apple Computer |url=http://www.podcastready.com/info.php?section=8&page=41 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005015828/http://www.podcastready.com/info.php?section=8&page=41 |archive-date=October 5, 2006 |access-date=December 7, 2020 |website=Podcast Ready |language=en}} Lawyers for Apple contended that the term "pod" had been used by the public to refer to Apple's music player so extensively that it falls under Apple's trademark cover.{{cite web |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=March 24, 2009 |title=Apple's Legal Team Going After 'Pod' People |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2343732,00.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084638/https://www.pcmag.com/news/238446/apples-legal-team-going-after-pod-people |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=PC Magazine |language=en}} Such activity was speculated to be part of a bigger campaign for Apple to expand the scope of its existing iPod trademark, which included trademarking "IPOD", "IPODCAST", and "POD".{{cite web |last=Longo |first=Jeffrey |date=September 25, 2006 |title=Podcast Trademark Controversy |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2006/09/25/podcast-trademark-controversy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806104950/https://www.macrumors.com/2006/09/25/podcast-trademark-controversy/ |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=MacRumors |language=en}} On November 16, 2006, the Apple Trademark Department stated that "Apple does not object to third-party usage of the generic term 'podcast' to accurately refer to podcasting services" and that "Apple does not license the term". However, no statement was made as to whether or not Apple believed they held rights to it.{{cite web |date=November 16, 2006 |title=Copy of the Letter from Apple Trademark Department |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/theglobalgeekpodcast/309396084/sizes/l/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806064033/https://www.flickr.com/photos/theglobalgeekpodcast/309396084/sizes/l/|archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=Flickr |publisher=Global Geek Podcast |language=en}}

Personal Audio, a company referred to as a "patent troll" by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF),{{cite web |last=Nazer |first=Daniel |date=May 30, 2013 |title=Help Save Podcasting! |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/05/help-save-podcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231341/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/05/help-save-podcasting |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=EFF |language=en}} filed a patent on podcasting in 2009 for a claimed invention in 1996.{{cite web |date=October 2, 1996 |title=System for Disseminating Media Content Representing Episodes in a Serialized Sequence |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8112504 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030342/https://patents.google.com/patent/US8112504 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=Google Patents |language=en}} In February 2013, Personal Audio started suing high-profile podcasters for royalties, including The Adam Carolla Show and the HowStuffWorks podcasts.{{cite web |last=Samuels |first=Julie |date=February 5, 2013 |title=Podcasting Community Faces Patent Troll Threat; EFF Wants to Help |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/02/podcasting-community-faces-patent-troll-threat-eff-wants-help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015829/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/02/podcasting-community-faces-patent-troll-threat-eff-wants-help |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=EFF |language=en |quote=Personal Audio is claiming that it owns a patent that covers podcasting technology.}} In October 2013, the EFF filed a petition with the US Trademark Office to invalidate the Personal Audio patent.{{cite web |date=April 21, 2014 |title=EFF v. Personal Audio LLC |url=https://www.eff.org/cases/eff-v-personal-audio-llc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806070516/https://www.eff.org/cases/eff-v-personal-audio-llc |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=EFF |language=en}} On August 18, 2014, the EFF announced that Adam Carolla had settled with Personal Audio.{{cite web |last=Nazer |first=Daniel |date=August 18, 2014 |title=The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Adam Carolla's Settlement with the Podcasting Troll |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/08/good-bad-and-ugly-adam-carollas-settlement-podcasting-troll |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000224/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/08/good-bad-and-ugly-adam-carollas-settlement-podcasting-troll |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=EFF |language=en}} Finally, on April 10, 2015, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office invalidated five provisions of Personal Audio's podcasting patent.{{cite news |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=April 10, 2015 |title=How the Government Just Protected Some of Your Favorite Podcasts |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/04/10/how-the-government-just-protected-your-favorite-podcasts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103185649/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/04/10/how-the-government-just-protected-your-favorite-podcasts/|archive-date=November 3, 2019 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US}}

File:Podcasting-wcwc.jpg

A podcast generator maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that one can access through the Internet. The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcast client, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series. This process can be automated to download new files automatically, so it may seem to listeners as though podcasters broadcast or "push" new episodes to them. Podcast files can be stored locally on the user's device, or streamed directly. There are several different mobile applications that allow people to follow and listen to podcasts. Many of these applications allow users to download podcasts or stream them on demand. Most podcast players or applications allow listeners to skip around the podcast and to control the playback speed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iphonelife.com/content/how-to-listen-to-podcast-faster-speed|title=How to Change Playback Speed of a Podcast Playing Too Fast or Too Slow – iPhone Life|date=April 6, 2017|access-date=September 5, 2021}} Much podcast listening occurs during commuting; because of restrictions on travel during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of unique listeners in the US decreased by 15% in the last three weeks of March 2020.{{r|wells20200616}}

Podcasting has been considered a converged medium{{Cite journal|last=Berry|first=Richard|year=2015|title=Serial and Ten Years of Podcasting: Has the Medium Grown up?|url=https://www.academia.edu/16351759|url-status=live|journal=Radio, Sounds & Internet|language=en-GB|volume=|pages=299–209|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704195706/https://www.academia.edu/16351759/Serial_and_ten_years_of_podcasting_has_the_medium_finally_grown_up|archive-date=July 4, 2020|access-date=July 4, 2020|via=Academia.edu}} (a medium that brings together audio, the web and portable media players), as well as a disruptive technology that has caused some individuals in radio broadcasting to reconsider established practices and preconceptions about audiences, consumption, production and distribution.{{cite journal|last=Berry|first=Richard|date=May 1, 2006|title=Will the iPod Kill the Radio Star? Profiling Podcasting as Radio|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd3e/cbf595a01e5b81aae98cd8e693eb8b9f29b3.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Convergence|language=en-GB|volume=12|issue=2|pages=143–162|doi=10.1177/1354856506066522|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226233023/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd3e/cbf595a01e5b81aae98cd8e693eb8b9f29b3.pdf|archive-date=February 26, 2020|access-date=July 4, 2020|via=|s2cid=111593307| issn=1354-8565 }}

Podcasts can be produced at little to no cost and are usually disseminated free-of-charge, which sets this medium apart from the traditional 20th-century model of "gate-kept" media and their production tools. Podcasters can, however, still monetize their podcasts by allowing companies to purchase ad time. They can also garner support from listeners through crowdfunding websites like Patreon, which provide special extras and content to listeners for a fee.

Podcasts vary in style, format, and topical content. Podcasts are partially patterned on previous media genres but depart from them systematically in certain computationally observable stylistic respects.{{cite conference| last1 = Clifton| first1 = Ann| last2 = Reddy| first2 = Sravana| last3 = Yu| first3 = Yongze| last4 = Pappu| first4 = Aasish| last5 = Rezapour| first5 = Rezvaneh| last6 = Bonab| first6 = Hamed| last7 = Eskevich| first7 = Maria| last8 = Jones| first8 = Gareth| author-link8 = Gareth Jones (computer scientist)| last9 = Karlgren| first9 = Jussi| author-link9 = Jussi Karlgren | last10 = Carterette| first10 = Ben| last11 = Jones| first11 = Rosie| title = 100,000 podcasts: A spoken English document corpus| book-title = Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)| publisher = International Committee on Computational Linguistics| date = 2020| location = Marseille| url = https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.519/| access-date = August 12, 2022 }}{{cite journal| last = Karlgren| first = Jussi| author-link = Jussi Karlgren| title = Lexical variation in English language podcasts, editorial media, and social media| url=https://nejlt.ep.liu.se/article/view/3566| journal=North European Journal of Language Technology| language=en-UK| volume = 8| issue = 1| publisher = NEALT| date = August 2022| doi = 10.3384/nejlt.2000-1533| access-date = August 12, 2022| doi-access = free}}

The conventions and constraints which govern that variation are emerging and vary over time and markets; podcast listeners have various preferences of styles but conventions to address them and communicate about them are still unformed.

{{cite conference| last1 = Martikainen| first1 = Katariina| last2 = Karlgren| first2 = Jussi| author-link2 = Jussi Karlgren| last3 = Truong| first3 = Khiet P| title = Exploring audio-based stylistic variation in podcasts| book-title = Proceedings of Interspeech 2022| publisher = IEEE| date = September 2022| location = Incheon, Korea| url = https://interspeech2022.org}}

{{cite thesis |type=MSc |last=Martikainen |first=Katariina |date=2020 |title=Audio-based stylistic characteristics of Podcasts for search and recommendation: a user and computational analysis |publisher=University of Twente}} Some current examples of types of podcasts are given below. This list is likely to change as new types of content, new technology to consume podcasts, and new use cases emerge.{{cite journal| last1 = Jones| first1 = Gareth| author-link1 = Gareth Jones (computer scientist)| last2 = Eskevich| first2 = Maria| last3 = Carterette| first3 = Ben| author-link3 = Ben Carterette| last4 = Correia| first4 = Joana| last5 = Jones| first5 = Rosie| last6 = Karlgren| first6 = Jussi| author-link6 = Jussi Karlgren| last7 = Soboroff| first7 = Ian| journal = SIGIR Forum| volume = 56| issue = 1| title = Report on the 1st Workshop on Audio Collection Human Interaction (AudioCHI 2022) at CHIIR 2022| publisher = ACM SIGIR| date = June 2022| pages = 1–5| doi = 10.1145/3582524.3582534| s2cid = 256304995| language = en-UK| url = https://nejlt.ep.liu.se/article/view/3566| access-date = August 12, 2022}}

An enhanced podcast, also known as a slidecast, is a type of podcast that combines audio with a slide show presentation. It is similar to a video podcast in that it combines dynamically generated imagery with audio synchronization, but it is different in that it uses presentation software to create the imagery and the sequence of display separately from the time of the original audio podcast recording.{{Cite journal|last1=Salter|first1=Diane|last2=Purgathofer|first2=Peter|date=January 2010|title=Students use of Laptops in Large Lecture Classes: Distraction, Partial Attention or Productive Use?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228862722|journal=Aurora|language=en-US|volume=|pages=|via=Research Gate}}{{Cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224161712 |doi=10.1109/IPCC.2010.5530021|isbn=978-1-4244-8145-3|s2cid=11253131 |chapter=Slidecast yourself: Exploring the possibilities of a new online presentation tool |title=2010 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference |year=2010 |last1=Casteleyn |first1=Jordi |last2=Mottart |first2=Andre |pages=255–261 }} The Free Dictionary, YourDictionary, and PC Magazine define an enhanced podcast as "an electronic slide show delivered as a podcast".{{Cite web|title=enhanced podcast|url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/enhanced+podcast|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313145450/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/enhanced+podcast|archive-date=March 13, 2016|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=TheFreeDictionary.com|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Enhanced-podcast Meaning: Best 1 Definitions of Enhanced-podcast|url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/enhanced-podcast#computer|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622231712/https://www.yourdictionary.com/enhanced-podcast|archive-date=June 22, 2017|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=www.yourdictionary.com|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Definition of enhanced podcast|url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/enhanced-podcast|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022152210/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/enhanced-podcast|archive-date=October 22, 2020|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=PC Magazine|language=en-US}} Enhanced podcasts are podcasts that incorporate graphics and chapters.{{Cite web|last=Breen|first=Christopher|date=December 12, 2012|title=How to Create Podcast Chapters|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/2019713/how-to-create-podcast-chapters.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020164926/https://www.macworld.com/article/2019713/how-to-create-podcast-chapters.html|archive-date=October 20, 2020|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=Macworld|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Breen|first=Christopher|date=March 28, 2013|title=How We Produce Our Podcasts|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/2030512/how-we-produce-our-podcasts.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030014045/https://www.macworld.com/article/2030512/how-we-produce-our-podcasts.html|archive-date=October 30, 2020|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=Macworld|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Breen|first=Christopher|date=March 28, 2013|title=Producing the Macworld Podcast|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/1142519/producing_macworld_podcast.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030014045/https://www.macworld.com/article/2030512/how-we-produce-our-podcasts.html|archive-date=October 30, 2020|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=Macworld|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Frakes|first=Dan|date=December 12, 2006|title=Podcasting Presentations|url=https://www.macworld.com/article/1054367/profcast.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508233828/https://www.macworld.com/article/1054367/profcast.html|archive-date=May 8, 2017|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=Macworld|language=en-US}} iTunes developed an enhanced podcast feature called "Audio Hyperlinking" that they patented in 2012.{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Darrell|date=August 8, 2013|title=Apple Developing Audio Hyperlinks, A Way For Audio Streams To Link To Other Media Or Control Devices|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/08/apple-developing-audio-hyperlinks-a-way-for-audio-streams-to-link-to-other-media-or-control-devices/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218215441/https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/08/apple-developing-audio-hyperlinks-a-way-for-audio-streams-to-link-to-other-media-or-control-devices/|archive-date=February 18, 2019|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Apple's 'audio hyperlink' tech can control devices with inaudible sonic pulses|first=Mikey |last=Campbell |date= August 8, 2013|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/13/08/08/apples-audio-hyperlink-tech-can-control-devices-with-inaudible-sonic-pulses|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=AppleInsider|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=United States Patent Application: 0130204413|url=http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.html&r=3&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=(20130808.PD.+AND+700/94.CCLS.)&OS=pd/8/8/2013+and+ccl/700/94&RS=(PD/20130808+AND+CCL/700/94)|access-date=January 24, 2021|website=appft.uspto.gov}} Enhanced podcasts can be used by businesses or in education.{{Cite web|last=Petricone|first=Elena|date=|title=Cast away: Incorporating slidecasts into your online presence can distinguish your business from competitors|url=https://top-consultant.com/ThoughtLeadership/Article/_1957|access-date=January 2, 2021|website=Top Consultant|publisher=Emerson Consulting Group|language=en-US|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813010202/https://top-consultant.com/ThoughtLeadership/Article/_1957|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|last=Weller|first=Marxtin|date=April 29, 2012|title=The Virtues of Blogging as Scholarly Activity|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-virtues-of-blogging-as-scholarly-activity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119025752/https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-virtues-of-blogging-as-scholarly-activity/|archive-date=January 19, 2021|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=The Chronicle of Higher Education|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last1=Reyna|first1=Jorge|last2=Stanford|first2=Carole|date=2009|title=Use of Slidecasts in Higher Education Settings: a Pilotproject|url=https://www.ascilite.org/conferences/auckland09/procs/reyna-2-poster.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914123308/https://www.ascilite.org/conferences/auckland09/procs/reyna-2-poster.pdf|archive-date=September 14, 2018|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Ascilite|language=en-US}} Enhanced podcasts can be created using QuickTime AAC or Windows Media files.{{Cite book|last1=Ratcliffe|first1=Mitch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9dWuncv70EC|title=Podcasting Bible|last2=Mack|first2=Steve|date=February 11, 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-37759-8|pages=296–300|language=en}} Enhanced podcasts were first used in 2006.{{Cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Tee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4moj8hh0d9EC|title=Expert Podcasting Practices For Dummies|last2=Terra|first2=Evo|last3=Williams|first3=Ryan C.|date=January 7, 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-25919-1|pages=185–201|language=en|chapter=24}}

A fiction podcast (also referred to as a "scripted podcast" or "audio drama"){{cite web|url=https://sites.psu.edu/rachelstof/2019/09/13/so-what-is-an-audio-drama/|title=So, What Is an Audio Drama?|date=September 13, 2019|publisher=Penn State University|access-date=December 19, 2022}} is similar to a radio drama, but in podcast form. They deliver a fictional story, usually told over multiple episodes and seasons, using multiple voice actors, dialogue, sound effects, and music to enrich the story.{{cite news|title=Fiction Podcasts: The Medium Giving Rise to a New Generation of Audio Storytellers|last=Skinner|first=Oliver|date=July 30, 2020|work=Voices.com|url=https://www.voices.com/blog/fiction-podcasts/|access-date=January 20, 2021}} Fiction podcasts have attracted a number of well-known actors as voice talents, including Demi Moore and Matthew McConaughey{{cite news|title=From Demi Moore to Matthew McConaughey, Screen Stars Are Turning to Podcasts|last=Kornelis|first=Chris|date=December 25, 2020|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-demi-moore-to-matthew-mcconaughey-screen-stars-are-turning-to-podcasts-11608915600|access-date=January 19, 2021}} as well as from content producers like Netflix, Spotify, Marvel Comics, and DC Comics.{{cite news|title= Netflix Creates Its First Scripted Podcast, As An Extension To TV Show|date=November 1, 2019|work=Inside Radio|url=http://www.insideradio.com/podcastnewsdaily/netflix-creates-its-first-scripted-podcast-as-an-extension-to-tv-show/article_ad4805b4-fcc7-11e9-8028-fb826fe80b0f.html|access-date=January 20, 2021}}{{cite news|title=Wolverine: The Long Night opens up the possibilities for a Marvel Podcast Universe|last=White|first=Jordan|date=May 30, 2018|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/30/17409704/wolverine-the-long-night-marvel-podcast-universe-interview-behind-the-scenes|access-date=January 20, 2021}}{{cite web|title= DC, Spotify Cut Deal for Multiple Scripted Podcast Series|last=Jennings|first=Collier|date=July 18, 2020|website=CBR |url=https://www.cbr.com/dc-spotify-cut-deal-multiple-podcast-series/}} Unlike other genres, downloads of fiction podcasts increased by 19% early in the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite web |last1=Wells |first1=Madeline |title=This surround-sound thriller podcast is perfect for pandemic walks |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sf-culture/article/Podcast-walks-Left-Right-Game-fiction-mystery-15309460.php |website=SFGate |accessdate=16 June 2020 |date=2 June 2020}}

A podcast novel (also known as a "serialized audiobook" or "podcast audiobook") is a literary form that combines the concepts of a podcast and an audiobook. Like a traditional novel, a podcast novel is a work of literary fiction; however, it is recorded into episodes that are delivered online over a period of time. The episodes may be delivered automatically via RSS or through a website, blog, or other syndication method. Episodes can be released on a regular schedule, e.g., once a week, or irregularly as each episode is completed. In the same manner as audiobooks, some podcast novels are elaborately narrated with sound effects and separate voice actors for each character, similar to a radio play or scripted podcast, but many have a single narrator and few or no sound effects.{{cite magazine|last=Florin|first=Hector|date=January 31, 2009|title=Podcasting Your Novel: Publishing's Next Wave?|url=http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1872381,00.html|url-status=live|magazine=Time|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806101246/http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1872381,00.html|archive-date=August 6, 2020|access-date=November 15, 2017}}

Some podcast novelists give away a free podcast version of their book as a form of promotion.{{cite web|last=Cadelago|first=Chris|date=April 5, 2008|title=Take My Book. It's Free|url=http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Take-my-book-It-s-free-3288454.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022160625/http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Take-my-book-It-s-free-3288454.php|archive-date=October 22, 2020|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=San Francisco Chronicle|language=en}} On occasion such novelists have secured publishing contracts to have their novels printed.{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Andrew Adam|date=March 1, 2007|title=Authors Find Their Voice, and Audience, in Podcasts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/01/books/01podb.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123115523/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/01/books/01podb.html|archive-date=November 23, 2020|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=The New York Times|language=en-US}} Podcast novelists have commented that podcasting their novels lets them build audiences even if they cannot get a publisher to buy their books. These audiences then make it easier to secure a printing deal with a publisher at a later date. These podcast novelists also claim the exposure that releasing a free podcast gains them makes up for the fact that they are giving away their work for free.{{cite web|last=Gaughran|first=David|date=September 5, 2011|title="Free" Really Can Make You Money – A Dialogue with Moses Siregar III|url=https://davidgaughran.wordpress.com/2011/09/05/free-really-can-make-you-money-a-dialogue-with-moses-siregar-iii/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014074238/https://davidgaughran.wordpress.com/2011/09/05/free-really-can-make-you-money-a-dialogue-with-moses-siregar-iii/|archive-date=October 14, 2011|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=Let's Get Digital|language=en-IE}}

File:The Crab Nebula NASA.ogv created by NASA]]

A video podcast is a podcast that features video content. Web television series are often distributed as video podcasts. Dead End Days, a serialized dark comedy about zombies released from October 31, 2003, through 2004, is commonly believed to be the first video podcast.{{cite web|last=Ellis|first=Jessica|date=2008|title=What is a Video Podcast?|url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-video-podcast.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809194203/http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-video-podcast.htm|archive-date=August 9, 2020|access-date=November 15, 2017|website=Wise Geek|language=en}}

A number of podcasts are recorded either in total or for specific episodes in front of a live audience. Ticket sales allow the podcasters an additional way of monetizing. Some podcasts create specific live shows to tour which are not necessarily included on the podcast feed. Events including the London Podcast Festival,{{Cite web|last=Arboine|first=Niellah|date=August 21, 2019|title=How to Get 20% off Tickets to the London Podcast Festival|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/the-london-podcast-festival-2019-is-coming-so-soon-heres-how-to-get-20-off-your-tix-18684950|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806063932/https://www.bustle.com/p/the-london-podcast-festival-2019-is-coming-so-soon-heres-how-to-get-20-off-your-tix-18684950|archive-date=August 6, 2020|access-date=March 9, 2020|website=Bustle|language=en-GB}} SF Sketchfest{{Cite web|date=December 6, 2019|title=SF Sketchfest Announces Additions to Festival Lineup|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/san-francisco/article/SF-SKETCHFEST-Announces-Additions-To-Festival-Lineup-20191206|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117094012/https://www.broadwayworld.com/san-francisco/article/SF-SKETCHFEST-Announces-Additions-To-Festival-Lineup-20191206|first=A.A. |last=Cristi|archive-date=November 17, 2020|access-date=March 9, 2020|website=Broadway World|language=en-US}} and others regularly give a platform for podcasters to perform live to audiences.

Podcast episodes are widely stored and encoded in the mp3 digital audio format and then hosted on dedicated or shared webserver space.{{Cite web |title=Technical history of podcasting |url=https://blubrry.com/manual/about-podcasting/history-of-podcasting-new/technical-history-of-podcasting/ |access-date=May 29, 2022 |website=Blubrry Podcasting |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2021 |title=How to host and distribute a podcast |url=https://www.audio-harvest.com/blog/how-to-host-and-distribute-a-podcast/ |first= Dieter|last= Van De Walle|access-date=May 29, 2022 |website=AudioHarvest |language=en-GB}} Syndication of podcasts' episodes across various websites and platforms is based on RSS feeds, an XML-formatted file citing information about the episode and the podcast itself.

File:2023022603 Elan Connect frontalseitlich links (2) 2023.jpg|alt=Radio on a white surface.|250x250px]]

The most basic equipment for a podcast is a computer and a microphone. It is helpful to have a sound-proof room and headphones. The computer should have a recording or streaming application installed.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/podcast-how-to-start-best-equipment-804418/ |title=How to Start a Podcast: 7 Things These Experts Say You'll Need |last=Chan |first=Tim |date=March 30, 2020 |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=July 19, 2021}} Typical microphones for podcasting are connected using USB.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/story/best-podcast-and-livestream-gear/ |title=Here's the Gear You Need to Start Your Own Podcast |last=Hall |first=Parker |magazine=Wired |date=February 18, 2022|access-date=July 19, 2021}}{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/product-recommendations-lists/the-rolling-stone-audio-awards-2021-1157080/ |title=The Rolling Stone Audio Awards 2021 |first1=Tim |last1=Chan |first2=Brandt |last2=Ranj |first3=John |last3=Lonsdale |first4=Sage |last4=Anderson |date=April 28, 2021 |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=July 18, 2021}} If the podcast involves two or more people, each person requires a microphone, and a USB audio interface is needed to mix them together. If the podcast includes video, then a separate webcam might be needed, and additional lighting.

• Lists of podcasts
• List of podcast clients
• List of podcasting companies
• Uses of podcasting
• Internet radio
• MP3 blog
• Webcast
• User-generated content

• Geoghegan, Michael W.; Klass, Dan (August 16, 2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=WkAzn9TfL9gC Podcast Solutions: The Complete Guide to Podcasting]. Apress. {{ISBN|9781430200543}}.
• Meinzer, Kristen (August 6, 2019). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pyd5DwAAQBAJ So You Want to Start a Podcast: Finding Your Voice, Telling Your Story, and Building a Community That Will Listen]. William Morrow. {{ISBN|9780062936684}}.
• Morris, Tee; Tomasi, Chuck (September 15, 2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=TaY2DwAAQBAJ Podcasting For Dummies]. Wiley. {{ISBN|9781119412267}}.

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Spoken Wikipedia|Wikipedia - Podcast (spoken by AI voice).mp3|date=30 October 2024}}

{{Wiktionary}}

• {{Wikibooks-inline|Podcasting}}
• {{Commons category-inline|Podcasting}}
• [https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Welcome_To_The_Podcasting_Legal_Guide Podcasting Legal Guide: Rules for the Revolution], information by Creative Commons

{{Web syndication}}

{{Media player (application software)}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:21st-century inventions

Category:Articles containing video clips

Category:British inventions

Category:Digital audio

Category:Media formats

Category:Technology in society

Category:Web syndication

Category: 2004 neologisms

Category:Podcasts