Polaroid Corporation#Mobile printers

{{expand section| Content on the firms introduction of revolutionary instant photography which is completely absent from this history|date=April 2022}}

File:Polaroid-1960.svg{{Cite web|date=2019-09-19|title=Vintage Polaroid Branding and Packaging by Paul Giambarba|url=https://imjustcreative.com/original-polaroid-branding-by-paul-giambarba/2019/09/19|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The Logo Smith|archive-date=2021-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024001120/https://imjustcreative.com/original-polaroid-branding-by-paul-giambarba/2019/09/19}}]]

File:Polaroid 80B Highlander instant camera.jpg File:Polaroid 3000 Speed Type 47 Rollfilm Expired June 1962.jpgFile:Polaroid Automatic 350 instant camera.jpg File:Polaroid 430.jpg File:Polaroid SX-70 Land Camera model 2 instant camera.jpg File:Polaroid Sun Autofocus 660 instant camera.jpg File:Polaroid OneStep Autofocus SE.jpg

File:Polaroid Snap Android Smartphone (16675935440).jpg

The original Polaroid Corporation was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Edwin Land and George W. Wheelwright III in 1937.{{Cite news|last=Rael|first=Trula J.|date=November 9, 2017|title="Just One of the Boys": Edwin Land and The Polaroid Corporation|work=The Harvard Crimson|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/11/9/edwin-land-and-the-polaroid-corporation/|access-date=2020-08-13|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806074245/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/11/9/edwin-land-and-the-polaroid-corporation/|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Deutsch|first=Claudia H.|date=2001-03-03|title=G. W. Wheelwright III, 97, Dies; Co-Founder of Polaroid|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/03/business/g-w-wheelwright-iii-97-dies-co-founder-of-polaroid.html|access-date=2020-08-13|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911091440/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/03/business/g-w-wheelwright-iii-97-dies-co-founder-of-polaroid.html|url-status=live}} It has been described by The Boston Globe as a "juggernaut of innovation", and "the Apple of its time" with a "leader in Edwin Land, a scientist who guided the company as the founding CEO for four decades". Polaroid’s initial market was in polarized sunglasses — spawned from Land’s self-guided research in light polarization. Land, having completed his freshman year at Harvard University, left to pursue this market, resulting in Polaroid's birth. Land later returned to Harvard to continue his research.Mervis, Stanley H. "Memorial Tributes" National Academy of Engineering 7 National Academies Press, 1947: page 129. {{ISBN|978-0-309-05146-0}} {{doi|10.17226/4779}} Polaroid, owning patents to its polarizer technology, got its start by employing polarization in products that included 3-D movies and protective goggles for military dogs.{{cite book |last1=Earls |first1=Alan |last2=Rohani |first2=Nasrin |title=Polaroid |date=2005 |publisher=Arcadia |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=9781531621797 |page=41}} During World War II, Polaroid designed and manufactured numerous products for the armed services including an infrared night viewing device. He led the company as CEO for 43 years. He headed the Polaroid Corporation, developing it from a small research and marketing firm into a well-known high-tech company. Kodak was a customer for some of Land's polarizing products. Recognized by most as the father of instant photography, he included all the operations of a darkroom inside the film itself. He gave the first public demonstration of his new Land Camera in February 1947; from then until 1972, the user had to release the film manually, pull a tab, and peel the negative from the finished positive print—the first version to eliminate these intermediate steps was the SX-70 of 1972, which ejected the print automatically.{{cite book |last=Buse |first=Peter |title=The Camera Does the Rest: How Polaroid Changed Photography |date=2016 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226312163|pages=5, 9}} Land was pictured on the cover of Life magazine in 1972 with the inscription, "A Genius and His Magic Camera".

In the 1940s, Polaroid purchased the B B Chemical Company building at 784 Memorial Drive in Cambridge, Massachusetts for its headquarters. The landmark{{cite web|url=https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=cam.257|title=MACRIS inventory record and NRHP nomination for B & B Chemical Company|publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts Historical Commission|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=2022-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528160218/https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=CAM.257|url-status=live}} Streamline Moderne style structure would be added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1982.{{cite web |url=https://www.bulfinch.com/case_study/784-memorial-drive/ |title=784 Memorial Drive |publisher=The Bulfinch Companies, Inc. |access-date=2019-09-19 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806152709/https://www.bulfinch.com/case_study/784-memorial-drive/ |url-status=live}}

When Kodak announced instant film cameras in 1976, Polaroid announced they were suing them, accusing Kodak of having stolen its patented instant photography process. In the two years that followed the lawsuit, total sales of instant cameras climbed from 7.4 million cameras in 1976 to 10.3 million in 1977 and 14.3 million in 1978. The suit in federal court lasted 10 years. Polaroid asked for $12 billion for infringements of its patents by Kodak. The court ruled in favor of Polaroid and ordered Kodak to cease instant picture production, plus pay Polaroid $909.5 million of the $12 billion it had asked for.

In 1977, Land introduced the Polaroid Instant Home Movie camera named Polavision, based on the Dufaycolor process. However, the product arrived on the market when videotape-based systems were rapidly gaining popularity. Thus it failed to sell well in retail stores and has been described as the swan song for Polaroid. After four decades as chairman, Edwin Land was coerced into resigning and leaving the corporation he had founded. He died in 1991. The Polavision debacle eventually caused the company to write off $89 million, including most of the manufactured products. The underlying technology of Polavision was later improved for use in the Polachrome instant slide film system.{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}}

William J. McCune Jr was appointed chief executive officer in 1980. He joined the company in 1939, two years after its founding. He led the company until end 1985 when I. M. Booth, 54, was appointed as Polaroid’s chief executive, McCune remained chairman.{{cite web | title=McCune to Step Down as Chief of Polaroid | website=Los Angeles Times | date=December 18, 1985 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-18-fi-26700-story.html | access-date=July 7, 2024}}

In the 1980s, Polaroid tried to reinvent itself without Land at its helm by shifting away from a dependence on consumer photography, a market that was in steady decline. In 1984 Polaroid announced "that it would enter the United States

electronic video market with its own line of Polaroid videotapes."

{{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/09/business/company-news-in-electronics-optimism-and-worry.html

|title=In Electronics, Optimism and Worry

|author=David E. Sanger

|date=January 9, 1984

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=May 24, 2015

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524152409/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/09/business/company-news-in-electronics-optimism-and-worry.html

|url-status=live

}}{{cite news

|publisher=Associated Press (APnews)

|url=https://apnews.com/a338d0309d61485a94033ccb82f62c5a

|title=Polaroid, Fuji Reach Patent Agreement

|date=July 25, 1986

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=September 28, 2020

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002014/https://apnews.com/a338d0309d61485a94033ccb82f62c5a

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}}

Polaroid was forced to make wholesale changes that included having to fire thousands of workers and close many factories. The 1980s saw the advent of new technologies that profoundly changed the world of photography — one-hour color film processing, single-use cameras from competitors, videotape camcorders, and, in the 1990s and 2000s, digital cameras.

The company was in fact one of the early manufacturers of digital cameras, with the PDC-2000 in 1996;{{cite web|url=http://www.epi-centre.com/reports/9604ahs.html|title=Polaroid PDC-2000 Digital Camera|work=Epi-centre.com|access-date=2015-05-09|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001352/http://www.epi-centre.com/reports/9604ahs.html|url-status=live}} however, it failed to capture a large market share in that segment.

It also made 35 mm and multi-format scanners, such as Polaroid SprintScan 4000 35 mm scanner{{cite web|url=http://www.shutterbug.com/content/polaroid-sprintscan-4000|title=The Polaroid SprintScan 4000|date=1999-09-01|work=Shutterbug.com|access-date=2015-05-09|archive-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095351/http://www.shutterbug.com/content/polaroid-sprintscan-4000|url-status=live}} (the first scanner with a 4000 DPI CCD) in 1999, and the Polaroid PrintScan 120 in 2000. The scanners received mixed reviews and saw heavy competition from Nikon and Minolta products. The entire line was discontinued when Polaroid entered bankruptcy in 2001.{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}}

Prior to bankruptcy, the company sold its landmark, historic{{cite web |url=https://cambridgehistory.org/innovation/Polaroid.html |title=Polaroid 784 Memorial Drive |publisher=Cambridge Historical Society |access-date=2019-09-19 |archive-date=2020-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815201802/https://cambridgehistory.org/innovation/Polaroid.html |url-status=live }} headquarters building and surrounding property to The Bulfinch Companies for $10 million.{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2000/02/21/story4.html |title=Polaroid to sell landmark Cambridge headquarters |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=2019-09-19 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201025845/https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2000/02/21/story4.html |url-status=live }}

The original Polaroid Corporation filed for federal Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on October 11, 2001. The outcome was that within ten months, most of the business (including the "Polaroid" name itself and non-bankrupt foreign subsidiaries) had been sold to Bank One's One Equity Partners (OEP). OEP Imaging Corporation then changed its name to Polaroid Holding Company (PHC).Frieswick, Kris, [http://www.cfo.com/article.cfm/3007726/1/c_3046585 "What's wrong with this picture?"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721213718/http://www.cfo.com/article.cfm/3007726/1/c_3046585 |date=July 21, 2013 }}, cfo.com. Article dated 2003-01-01, retrieved 2006-11-30. (p1: Sale of business/assets, controversy. p4: Renamed as Primary PDC, distribution to unsecured creditors). However, this new company operated using the name of its bankrupt predecessor, Polaroid Corporation.[http://www.polaroid.com/global/printer_friendly.jsp?PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524441760524&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302023841&bmUID=1164973407121&bmLocale=en_US "Polaroid and One Equity Partners Complete Asset Acquisition"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531235712/http://www.polaroid.com/global/printer_friendly.jsp?PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=845524441760524&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302023841&bmUID=1164973407121&bmLocale=en_US|date=May 31, 2013}}, New Polaroid Corporation. Press release dated 2002-07-31, Retrieved 2006-12-01.

Significant criticism surrounded this "takeover" because the process left executives of the company with large bonuses, while stockholders, as well as current and retired employees, were left with nothing. The company announced a plan that gave the top 45 executives bonuses just for staying at their jobs. Meanwhile, other employees were restricted from selling their stock before leaving their jobs.{{rp|31}}

As part of the settlement, the original Polaroid Corporation changed its name to Primary PDC, Inc. Having sold its assets, it was now effectively nothing more than an administrative shell. Primary PDC received approximately 35 percent of the "new" Polaroid, which was to be distributed to its unsecured creditors (including bondholders).O'Neill, Jerry [http://www.imaginginfo.com/article/article.jsp?id=818&siteSection=27 "The New Polaroid: After Chapter 11"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611144238/http://www.imaginginfo.com/article/article.jsp?id=818&siteSection=27 |date=June 11, 2016 }}, "From the October 2002 Issue of Imaging Business" via imaginginfo.com. Article updated 2006-02-08, retrieved 2006-12-01. {{As of|2006|alt=As of late 2006}}, Primary PDC remained in existence under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, but conducts no commercial business and has no employees.

Polaroid’s bankruptcy is widely attributed to the failure of senior management — unable to anticipate the impact of digital cameras on its film business.{{cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |last2=Gavetti |first2=Giovanni |title=Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging |journal=Strategic Management Journal |date=October 2000 |volume=21 |issue=10–11 |pages=1147–1161 |doi=10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1147::AID-SMJ128>3.0.CO;2-R}} This type of managerial failure is also known as the success trap.{{cite web |last1=Mawdsley |first1=Andrew |title=How can we understand the digital transformation of business? |url=http://www.hbs.edu/openforum/openforum.hbs.org/goto/challenge/understand-digital-transformation-of-business/despite-epic-head-start-in-digital-imaging-polaroid-fails-to-make-transformation-to-digital-cameras.html |website=Open Forum Project, Harvard Business School Digital Initiative |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=26 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326073743/http://www.hbs.edu/openforum/openforum.hbs.org/goto/challenge/understand-digital-transformation-of-business/despite-epic-head-start-in-digital-imaging-polaroid-fails-to-make-transformation-to-digital-cameras.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite magazine |last1=Reeves |first1=Martin |last2=Harnoss |first2=Johann |title=Don't Let Your Company Get Trapped by Success |url=https://hbr.org/2015/11/dont-let-your-company-get-trapped-by-success |magazine=Harvard Business Review |access-date=22 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312044035/https://hbr.org/2015/11/dont-let-your-company-get-trapped-by-success |archive-date=2016-03-12 |date=November 19, 2015 }}

File:Polaroid branded TV.jpg

After the bankruptcy, the Polaroid brand was licensed for use on other products with the assistance of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. In September 2002, World Wide Licenses, a subsidiary of The Character Group plc, was granted the exclusive rights for three years to manufacture and sell digital cameras under the Polaroid brand for distribution internationally.[http://www.cool-icam.com/web/eng/press/PolaroidInt'l1.pdf Press release for camera licensing agreement (PDF)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104204731/http://www.cool-icam.com/web/eng/press/PolaroidInt%27l1.pdf |date=January 4, 2016 }}, World Wide Licenses Ltd. Article dated 2002-09-24, retrieved 2006-12-01. Polaroid branded LCDs and plasma televisions and portable DVD players had also appeared on the market.

On April 27, 2005, Petters Group Worldwide announced its acquisition of PHC. Petters has in the past bought up failed companies with well-known names for the value of those names. The same year, Flextronics purchased Polaroid's manufacturing operations and the decision was made to send most of the manufacturing to China.[http://www.rrpc-ny.org/Data/newsletter/27_sept_05nl.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413195906/http://www.rrpc-ny.org/Data/newsletter/27_sept_05nl.htm|date=April 13, 2006}} It stopped making Polaroid cameras in 2007 and discontinued the sale of Polaroid film after 2009 to the dismay of loyal consumers.{{cite news|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/polaroid-abandons-instant-photography/?hp|title=Polaroid Abandons Instant Photography|last=Lyons|first=Patrick J.|date=2008-02-08|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2015-05-09|archive-date=2015-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101513/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/polaroid-abandons-instant-photography/?hp|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.manufacturing.net/News-Polaroid-Instant-Film-In-Demand.aspx?menuid=36|title=Industries Frantic To Find Polaroid Instant Film|date=2008-02-14|work=Manufacturing.net|access-date=2015-05-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011162936/http://www.manufacturing.net/News-Polaroid-Instant-Film-In-Demand.aspx?menuid=36|archive-date=October 11, 2011}} On December 18, 2008, the post-reorganization Polaroid Corp. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Minnesota. The bankruptcy filing came shortly after the criminal investigation of its parent company, Petters Group Worldwide, and the parent company founder, Tom Petters.{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=afOdWSvgMXtM&refer=home|title=Polaroid in Bankruptcy Again, Cites Petters Charges (Update3)|last=Larson|first=Erik|date=2008-12-19|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2015-05-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613163056/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087|archive-date=2010-06-13}}

On April 2, 2009, Patriarch Partners won an auction for Polaroid Corporation's assets including the company's name, intellectual property, and photography collection. Patriarch's $59.1 million bid beat bids from PHC Acquisitions, Hilco Consumer Capital Corp and Ritchie Capital.{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/polaroid-auction/update-2-patriarch-wins-polaroid-auction-idUSN0227748920090403 |title=Reuters |date=3 April 2009 |access-date=2020-06-18 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618114928/https://www.reuters.com/article/polaroid-auction/update-2-patriarch-wins-polaroid-auction-idUSN0227748920090403 |url-status=live }}

This led to some very contentious fighting and litigation, and Patriarch wound up walking away in early May 2009, and a joint venture between Gordon Brothers Brands LLC and Hilco Consumer Capital LP picked up the pieces. According to a Reuters report:

The move by New York-based Patriarch, a private-equity firm, [to drop their claim], follows US District Judge James Rosenbaum's ruling on Thursday in Minneapolis that putting the purchase on hold during appeal would threaten operations at Polaroid, which is spending its cash at a rate of $3 million a month.{{Verify quote|date=July 2020}}

On April 16, 2009, Polaroid won US Bankruptcy Court approval to be sold to a joint venture of Hilco Consumer Capital LP of Toronto and Gordon Brothers Brands LLC of Boston.[http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/05/05/polaroid_sale_can_proceed_judge_rules/ "Polaroid sale can proceed, judge rules", The Boston Globe. Retrieved on 7 May 2009.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042250/http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/05/05/polaroid_sale_can_proceed_judge_rules/ |date=March 5, 2016 }}.

Hilco Consumer Capital and Gordon Brothers Brands announced the closing of the purchase of Polaroid Corporation on May 7, 2009, placing Polaroid Corporation in joint holding under a parent company named PLR IP Holdings, LLC. Former executive vice president and general manager – Americas, Scott W. Hardy was named as the new president of Polaroid Corporation and PLR IP Holdings, LLC. The majority of employees remained in their positions at the company's Minnetonka, Minnesota headquarters as well as office locations in Boston, New York and Toronto.[http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release:+Hilco+Consumer+Capital+and+Gordon+Brothers+Brands+Announce+Closing+of+Polaroid+Sale/39] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223202109/http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release%3A+Hilco+Consumer+Capital+and+Gordon+Brothers+Brands+Announce+Closing+of+Polaroid+Sale/39|date=December 23, 2009}}

On June 19, 2009, the new holding corporation for Polaroid, PLR IP Holdings, LLC announced an exclusive 5-year agreement with Summit Global Group to produce and distribute Polaroid-branded digital still cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames and PoGo-branded mobile products. Summit Global Group added several former Polaroid employees to their staff. The company expects the agreement to yield $1.3 billion in retail sales over an unspecified period beginning in 2009.{{cite press release |url=http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release:+Polaroid+Brand+Announces+Partnership+with+The+Summit+Global+Group+of+Companies/38 |title=Polaroid Brand Announces Partnership with The Summit Global Group of Companies |website=Polaroid |access-date=December 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218094818/http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release%3A+Polaroid+Brand+Announces+Partnership+with+The+Summit+Global+Group+of+Companies/38 |archive-date=December 18, 2009 }}

On January 5, 2010, Polaroid appointed Lady Gaga as "Creative Director" for the company.{{cite press release|title=Lady Gaga Named Creative Director for Polaroid Product Line|date=January 11, 2010|publisher=ImpactPR|url=http://www.impactpr.co.nz/News/ClientNews/tabid/99/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/157/Lady-Gaga-Named-Creative-Director-for-Polaroid-Product-Line.aspx|quote=PLR IP Holdings, LLC, owners of the Polaroid™ brand, today announced a multi-year strategic partnership with Lady Gaga, who will serve as creative director for a specialty line of Polaroid Imaging products.|work=Impactpr.co.nz|access-date=2014-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301033934/http://www.impactpr.co.nz/News/ClientNews/tabid/99/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/157/Lady-Gaga-Named-Creative-Director-for-Polaroid-Product-Line.aspx|archive-date=2010-03-01|url-status=dead}} A press release stated that she would be the "new face" of Polaroid.{{cite press release|title=Lady Gaga Named Creative Director for Specialty Line of Polaroid Imaging Products|publisher=Polaroid|url=http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release:+Lady+Gaga+Named+Creative+Director+for+Specialty+Line+of+Polaroid+Imaging+Products/4339|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822150823/http://www.polaroid.com/About/News/Press+Release%3A+Lady+Gaga+Named+Creative+Director+for+Specialty+Line+of+Polaroid+Imaging+Products/4339|archive-date=2014-08-22}} In a 2014 interview an account supervisor at R&J Public Relations, the PR firm for Polaroid, stated that the company is no longer working with Lady Gaga.{{Cite web |last=Lenzo |first=Krysia |title=What happens when celebrities become creative directors |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/03/what-happens-when-celebrities-become-creative-directors.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=CNBC |date=4 December 2015 |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103161755/https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/03/what-happens-when-celebrities-become-creative-directors.html |url-status=live }}

In 2017, the holding corporation for Polaroid, PLR IP Holdings, LLC, was acquired by Polish investor Wiaczesław "Slava" Smołokowski.{{cite web|last1=Zhang|first1=Michael|title=Polaroid Acquired by The Impossible Project's Largest Shareholder|url=https://petapixel.com/2017/05/12/polaroid-acquired-impossible-projects-largest-shareholder/|website=PetaPixel|date=12 May 2017|access-date=2018-02-18|quote=Polaroid’s brand and [IP] has been acquired by the largest shareholder of The Impossible Project [..] Now a single family has control of both the [Polaroid and Impossible] [..] [Owner of Polaroid..] brand and IP, PLR IP Holdings, LLC, was [sold to an] ownership group led by the Smolokowski family. [..] Wiacezlaw “Slava” Smolokowski pl acquired a 20% stake in The Impossible Project back [in 2012]. In 2014, [son Oskar became] CEO of The Impossible Project [..] The elder Smolokowski is now Impossible’s largest shareholder.|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811104017/https://petapixel.com/2017/05/12/polaroid-acquired-impossible-projects-largest-shareholder/|url-status=live}} Smołokowski was already the largest shareholder in the Impossible Project—a company formed to continue production of Polaroid-compatible film after Polaroid themselves left the market—having been persuaded to invest in it by his son Oskar. The acquisition brought both companies under the control of the Smołokowski family.

The Impossible Project (already led by Oskar Smołokowski) was rebranded as Polaroid Originals, with the last factory producing Polaroid-compatible instant film cartridges in Enschede, Netherlands being rebranded under the new name later in 2017.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219090130/https://magazine.polaroidoriginals.com/an-open-letter-from-our-ceo/|archive-date=2018-02-19|last1=Smołokowski|first1=Oskar|title=An Open Letter From Our CEO|url=https://magazine.polaroidoriginals.com/an-open-letter-from-our-ceo/|website=Polaroid Originals|access-date=2018-02-18}}

In March 2019, the new polaroid.com website listed instant cameras and supplies made by Polaroid Originals alongside its other products including digital cameras, sunglasses, the Cube action camera, and television units.{{cite web |title=All products |url=https://www.polaroid.com/products/category/all |website=polaroid.com |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321180454/https://www.polaroid.com/products/category/all |archive-date=21 March 2019}}

March 2020, Polaroid Originals rebranded as simply Polaroid, with the Polaroid Now being the first instant film camera in years to have the Polaroid branding.{{Cite web |last=Holt |first=Kris |title=Polaroid Originals Rebrands As Polaroid With A New Autofocus Instant Camera In Tow |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/krisholt/2020/03/26/polaroid-originals-rebrands-as-polaroid-with-a-new-autofocus-instant-camera-in-tow/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=2020-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402172203/https://www.forbes.com/sites/krisholt/2020/03/26/polaroid-originals-rebrands-as-polaroid-with-a-new-autofocus-instant-camera-in-tow/ |url-status=live }}

Polaroid B.V. and other companies, including MiNT Camera (manufacturer of the reusable MiNT flash bar), refurbish and repair classic Polaroid products, with some companies modifying the hardware itself to add additional functionality.{{Cite web|title=MINT SLR670-S Noir is a refurbished Polaroid SX-70 with added auto modes|url=https://www.dpreview.com/news/2426932814/mint-slr670-s-noir-is-a-refurbished-polaroid-sx-70-with-added-auto-modes|access-date=2021-10-23|website=DPReview|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023233952/https://www.dpreview.com/news/2426932814/mint-slr670-s-noir-is-a-refurbished-polaroid-sx-70-with-added-auto-modes|url-status=live}} One such modification is the conversion of Polaroid SX-70 camera models to use the more common, and higher-ISO Polaroid 600 film.{{Cite web|title=Polaroid SX-70 to 600 Film Conversion Service|url=https://retrospekt.com/products/sx-70-to-600-film-conversion-service|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Retrospekt|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023233953/https://retrospekt.com/products/sx-70-to-600-film-conversion-service|url-status=live}}

In 1970, Caroline Hunter and her co-worker, future husband Ken Williams, discovered the involvement of their employer, Polaroid, in the South African apartheid system as the producer of the passbook photos used to identify Black individuals in South Africa. To pressure Polaroid to divest from South Africa, Hunter and Williams created the Polaroid Revolutionary Worker Movement (PRWM).{{cite journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Eric |date=29 February 2008 |title=The World is Watching: Polaroid and South Africa |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1096882 |journal=Enterprise & Society |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=520–549 |doi=10.1093/es/khl002 |ssrn=1096882 |access-date=7 February 2021 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331014600/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1096882 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} Through the PRWM, Hunter and Williams organized a boycott against the corporation.{{cite book |last1=Ramirez |first1=Ainissa | author-link= Ainissa Ramirez|title=The Alchemy of Us: How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another |date=2020 |publisher=The MIT Press | isbn= 978-0262043809 }} Consequently, Polaroid banned all sales to the government, including the military and police, and promised to raise wages and increase job training at its distributors. The plan did not pacify the PRWM, however, and, in 1971, Hunter testified before the United Nations advocating a boycott of Polaroid products. Polaroid proceeded to fire both Hunter and Williams. As a result of protests, a community group in Boston donated $10,000 it received from Polaroid to South African liberation movements. In 1977, it became public Polaroid film was being sold by the distributor Frank and Hirsch to the South African government for use in the "passbook" in violation of Polaroid's policy. This ended Polaroid's relationship with its distributor and all direct sales to South Africa.{{cite web | title=When Polaroid Workers Fought Apartheid | website=Dissent Magazine | date=August 17, 2020 | url=https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/when-polaroid-workers-fought-apartheid | access-date=February 7, 2021 | archive-date=February 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203054048/https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/when-polaroid-workers-fought-apartheid | url-status=live }}

File:5 25-QD-Diskette.jpg

In 1985, Polaroid had its own brand of {{frac|5|1|4}}-inch floppy disks,{{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/23/science/peripherals-double-play-in-baseball-software.html

|title=Double-Play in baseball software

|quote=box of Polaroid-PerfectData diskettes

|author=Peter H. Lewis

|date=April 23, 1985

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=November 28, 2017

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128121954/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/23/science/peripherals-double-play-in-baseball-software.html

|url-status=live

}} and also a data recovery service.{{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/business/what-s-new-in-computer-repair-recovering-data-from-damaged-disks.html

|title=What's new in computer repair: recovering data from damaged disks

|author=Kendail J. Wils

|date=July 21, 1985

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=November 26, 2017

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126035410/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/business/what-s-new-in-computer-repair-recovering-data-from-damaged-disks.html

|url-status=live

}} In 1987, The New York Times described it as a major brand.(alphabetically) {{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/15/science/personal-computers-holiday-hardware.html

|title=Holiday Hardware

|quote=Fuji, Maxell, Polaroid, Sony, 3M and Verbatim

|author=Peter H. Lewis

|date=December 15, 1987

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=October 21, 2021

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021171352/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/15/science/personal-computers-holiday-hardware.html

|url-status=live

}} In 1985, The New York Times listed it a notch lower in an almost reverse alphabetical list,''Verbatim dropped, BASF added: {{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/10/business/the-executive-computer-difficulties-in-choosing-diskettes.html

|title=Difficulties in Choosing Diskettes

|quote=3M, Sony, Maxell, Polaroid, Fuji and BASF

|author=Peter H. Lewis

|date=July 10, 1988

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=September 22, 2021

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922204445/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/10/business/the-executive-computer-difficulties-in-choosing-diskettes.html

|url-status=live

}}'' and noted "remember that those companies established their reputations by selling other products, not diskettes."

By mid 1991, they stopped selling floppy disks.{{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/11/business/at-polaroid-more-than-snapshots.html

|title=At Polaroid, More Than Snapshots

|author=Glenn Rifkin

|date=June 11, 1991

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=August 28, 2020

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828051518/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/11/business/at-polaroid-more-than-snapshots.html

|url-status=live

}} The packaging used both Polaroid and PerfectData brands{{cite news

|newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/23/business/advertising-polaroid-shuffles-agencies.html

|title=Advertising: Polaroid Shuffles Agencies

|author=Philip H. Dougherty

|date=July 23, 1984

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=May 24, 2015

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524155351/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/23/business/advertising-polaroid-shuffles-agencies.html

|url-status=live

}}{{cite news

|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times

|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-10-01-fi-19442-story.html

|title=PerfectData Drops Sale of Floppy Disks, Cites Downturn in Industry

|author=James Bates

|date=October 1, 1985

|access-date=2020-08-31

|archive-date=2022-08-07

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807234404/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-10-01-fi-19442-story.html

|url-status=live

}}

In the 1990s, Polaroid was involved in corporate sponsorship of NASCAR. For several years, Polaroid was the principal sponsor of NASCAR's 125 mile Featherlite Modified race at Watkins Glen and it was called the "Polaroid 125". The Polaroid name was also used in sponsorship in the NASCAR Busch Series. In 1992, Polaroid was the principal sponsor of female NASCAR driver Shawna Robinson's #25 Oldsmobile in the Busch Series. They continued as her principal sponsor when she moved to the other car numbers in 1993 and 1994.{{cite web |url=http://www.racing-reference.info/drivdet?id=robinsh01&yr=1993&series=B |title=Shawna Robinson 1993 NASCAR Busch Grand National Series Results |access-date=2014-02-25 |archive-date=2014-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305214144/http://www.racing-reference.info/drivdet?id=robinsh01&yr=1993&series=B |url-status=live }}

Polaroid formerly sponsored the Target Chip Ganassi[http://www.chipganassiracing.com/sponsors/index.cfm?cid=1370] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414110827/http://www.chipganassiracing.com/sponsors/index.cfm?cid=1370|date=April 14, 2009}} entry of Juan Pablo Montoya's #42 Chevy Impala[http://www.jpmontoya.com/2010/index.php/en/team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405091650/http://www.jpmontoya.com/2010/index.php/en/team|date=April 5, 2010}} in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and entries in the IRL Indy Car Series, including the car driven by Dario Franchitti.[https://sports.yahoo.com/irl/news?slug=ap-indy500] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530225622/http://sports.yahoo.com/irl/news?slug=ap-indy500|date=May 30, 2010}}{{cite web |publisher=Indianapolis Motor Speedway |url=http://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/indy500/ |title=Indy 500 |access-date=2010-05-31 |archive-date=2010-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508205419/http://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/indy500/ |url-status=live }}{{Page needed|date=February 2015}}{{Page needed|date=February 2015}}

The Polaroid name has also been associated with the NOPI drift series. Polaroid was the principal sponsor of the Nissan 350Z driven by Nick Bollea in the 2007 season.{{cite web |author=かんいさいばんしょでのみんじじけん (2014.10.21 23:37) |url=http://hogandrift.com/index.html |title=簡易裁判所で取り扱っている民事事件 » Blog Archive » 支払督促を受けた場合 |work=Hogandrift.com |date=2014-10-21 |access-date=2015-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007052240/http://hogandrift.com/index.html |archive-date=2015-10-07 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://hogandrift.com/copy_of_index.html |title=Home |website=Hogan Drift |access-date=February 7, 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031082045/http://hogandrift.com/copy_of_index.html |archive-date=October 31, 2007 }}[http://www.baynews9.com/content/36/2007/10/29/298798.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213170536/http://www.baynews9.com/content/36/2007/10/29/298798.html|date=February 13, 2009}}

On February 8, 2008, Polaroid (under the control of Thomas J. Petters of Petters Group Worldwide) announced that the company has decided to gradually cease production and withdraw from analog instant film products completely in 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.polaroid.com/ifilm/en/index.html |title=Notification of Polaroid Instant Film Availability |date=2008-02-18 |work=Polaroid Corporation |access-date=2009-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607014550/http://www.polaroid.com/ifilm/en/index.html |archive-date=June 7, 2009 }} Since March 2010, instant film materials for vintage Polaroid cameras have again become available on the market, developed and manufactured by a group called The Impossible Project, at the former Polaroid production plant in Enschede, Netherlands.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/apr/05/polaroid-impossible-project-instant-photography|title=The Polaroid revival|date=5 April 2010|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|location=London|author=Sean O'Hagan|access-date=8 December 2011|archive-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203154119/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/apr/05/polaroid-impossible-project-instant-photography|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://shop.the-impossible-project.com/shop/film|title=Shop for Film {{!}} Impossible. Analog Instant Film and Cameras|author=Impossible b.v.|access-date=30 July 2015|work=Impossible B.V.|archive-date=27 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727143556/https://shop.the-impossible-project.com/shop/film|url-status=dead}}

Austrian photographer Florian Kaps, the owner of the largest online vendor for SX-70 films and organizer of the web-based instant photo gallery Polanoid.net, had bought the approximately 500,000 film packages that were on stock. He teamed with André Bosman, a former head of film production in the large Polaroid film factory at Enschede, designed a plan to redesign the SX-70/600 film system in collaboration with Ilford Photo, and convinced the Polaroid owners to participate. Plans for a relaunch under the Impossible label were announced in January 2009.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/smile-polaroid-is-saved-1418929.html|title=Smile! Polaroid is saved|last=Dugan|first=Emily|date=2009-01-18|work=The Independent|access-date=2009-06-20|location=London|archive-date=2009-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318194214/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/smile-polaroid-is-saved-1418929.html|url-status=live}} Buildings in the Enschede plant, which had produced 30 million film packs in 2007 and 24 million in the first half of 2008, were leased to the company created by Kaps, who by May 2009 had raised $2.6 million from friends and family{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/technology/26polaroid.html |title=Polaroid Lovers Try to Revive Its Instant Film |last=Dougherty |first=Carter |date=2009-05-25 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2009-06-20 |archive-date=2012-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809003822/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/technology/26polaroid.html |url-status=live }} for what he had named The Impossible Project.{{cite news |url=https://nationalpost.com/related/topics/story.html?id=1361555 |title=Can one man save Polaroid? |last=Robertson |first=Justin |date=2009-03-06 |work=National Post |access-date=2009-06-20 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

On March 22, 2010, Impossible announced the release of two monochromatic films, PX100 and PX600, compatible with SX-70 and 600 type cameras, respectively.{{cite news|url=http://www.bjp-online.com/public/showPage.html?page=873885 |title=Impossible relaunches Polaroid's instant films, ends three years of speculations |date=2010-03-22 |work=British Journal of Photography |access-date=2010-03-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325003856/http://www.bjp-online.com/public/showPage.html?page=873885 |archive-date=March 25, 2010 }} Color films were initially released in 2010 for SX-70 type cameras, followed in 2011 with the release of much improved color films for Polaroid 600, SX-70 and Spectra Cameras.{{Cite web|url=https://petapixel.com/2011/05/05/impossible-launches-new-color-instant-film-for-polaroid-lovers/|title=Impossible Launches New Color Instant Film for Polaroid Lovers|website=petapixel.com|date=5 May 2011|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022174645/https://petapixel.com/2011/05/05/impossible-launches-new-color-instant-film-for-polaroid-lovers/|url-status=live}}

Then Impossible had originally announced a new camera that was going to be styled after older Polaroid models to coincide with the new film. The camera was due to come out before Christmas 2010, but the deadline passed with no new information on the camera.{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} In April 2016, Impossible released the Impossible I-1; however, it was not styled after older Polaroid cameras. It was the first camera to use I-type Film and was backwards compatible with 600 Film due to I-type film being 600 film without a battery. After rebranding to Polaroid Originals, the company released another camera in September 2017 called the OneStep 2. This camera was modeled after the original OneStep with new features as originally planned, though the OneStep 2 uses the same type of film as the Impossible I-1 unlike the OneStep that used SX-70 Film.

On April 28, 2012, the documentary "Time Zero: The Last Year of Polaroid Film", directed by Grant Hamilton, was released in the U.S. It covers the rise, fall, and grass-roots revival of Polaroid's instant film technology.{{cite web|title=Time Zero Movie|url=http://timezeromovie.com/|website=Time Zero Movie|access-date=April 3, 2015|archive-date=April 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407033833/http://timezeromovie.com/|url-status=live}}

In summer 2008 Polaroid released the PoGo, an instant photo printer producing {{convert|2|x|3|in}} prints. It uses the Zink ("zero ink") technology which is similar to dye sublimation but has the dye crystals embedded in the photo paper itself.{{cite web |url=http://zink.com/ |title=Home Page | ZINK Imaging |work=Zink.com |date=2013-01-27 |access-date=2015-05-09 |archive-date=2015-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410113729/https://www.zink.com/ |url-status=live }} Models CZA-10011B and CZA-20011B exist (which Polaroid claim to be identical).{{cite web|url=http://www.polaroid.com/faqs/photo-printer-faqs/what-is-the-difference-between-a-cza-10011-cza-20011-and-a-pogo-printer |access-date=12 February 2014 |publisher=PLR Ecommerce |title=What is the difference between a CZA-10011, CZA-20011 and a PoGo Printer? |quote=PoGo printer is the common name for the original Polaroid Instant Mobile printer which produces 2*3 instant prints. CZA-10011 and CZA-20011 are model numbers for the PoGo Printer and differ only in their packaging. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117102828/http://www.polaroid.com/faqs/photo-printer-faqs/what-is-the-difference-between-a-cza-10011-cza-20011-and-a-pogo-printer |archive-date=January 17, 2014 }}

In 2009, the CZA-05300B PoGo, a 5 megapixel digital camera integrated with a Zink printer, was released.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 2011, the company released the Polaroid GL10 Instant Mobile Printer producing 3 by 4 inch prints.Staff, Voxy. "[http://www.voxy.co.nz/technology/lady-gaga-launches-mobile-printer/5/101310 Lady Gaga Launches Mobile Printer] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416082852/http://www.voxy.co.nz/technology/lady-gaga-launches-mobile-printer/5/101310 |date=April 16, 2016 }}." September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011. The printer, designed by Polaroid and Lady Gaga, allows people to print directly from a mobile phone or digital camera. This product is the first product in the new Polaroid Grey Label line.

Polaroid released a line of cameras without printers including the t1035, a 10-megapixel digital camera.[http://store.polaroid.com/media/document/t1035_manual_EN20090715.pdf Polaroid t1035 digital camera]{{dead link|date=January 2016}}

In January 2012, Polaroid announced a new "smart camera", entitled the Polaroid SC1630 smart camera, which is powered by Google Android. The SC1630 is a combination of a camera and a portable media player, that allows users to take photos with a built-in 16 MP HD camera, download apps from Google Play, check their email, and browse the web. The built-in camera allows 3X optical zoom. Other features on the media player include Wi-Fi, touch screen, geotagging, smart albums, and 32 GB of storage via a micro SD card.{{cite press release |url=http://www.polaroid.com/en/press/2012/1/10/polaroid-announces-sc1630-smart-camera |title=Polaroid Announces the Sc1630 Smart Camera Powered by Android |website=Polaroid |access-date=March 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315133351/http://www.polaroid.com/en/press/2012/1/10/polaroid-announces-sc1630-smart-camera |archive-date=March 15, 2012 }}

In September 2014 Polaroid introduced a $99 action camera named the "Polaroid Cube", marketed as an alternative to cameras such as the GoPro Hero (which retails for $129), specifically for casual, light users of action camcorders.{{cite web|last1=Alvarez|first1=Edgar|title=IRL: The Polaroid Cube is a tiny camera that leaves you wanting more|date=January 2015 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/01/01/irl-polaroid-cube/|access-date=April 3, 2015|archive-date=April 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406195329/http://www.engadget.com/2015/01/01/irl-polaroid-cube/|url-status=live}} In 2015 GoPro released the similar GoPro HERO4 Session.

In March 2006, the specialist design and development department in Polaroid's Vale of Leven plant in Scotland was bought out by its management team. Known as Wideblue the company specializes in helping small technology based companies develop products and manufacturing processes.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wide-blue.com/pages/talentscot.htm|title=Wideblue in Management Buy-out|last=talentscotland|website=www.wide-blue.com|access-date=2016-03-30|archive-date=2016-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409040931/http://www.wide-blue.com/pages/talentscot.htm|url-status=dead}}

In 2014 Wideblue was hired to design the Impossible Project mass market instant camera.{{Cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/13151945.Wideblue_hired_to_design_new_mass_market_instant_camera/|title=Wideblue hired to design new mass-market instant camera|website=Herald Scotland|date=24 March 2014 |access-date=2016-03-30|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413185502/http://www.heraldscotland.com/business/13151945.Wideblue_hired_to_design_new_mass_market_instant_camera/|url-status=live}}

• List of Polaroid instant cameras
• Polacolor
• Polaroid (polarizer) – a light-polarizing material developed by Edwin H. Land
• Polaroid Eyewear
• Success trap
• Zink (technology)

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite web|url=http://www.primarypdc.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118092022/http://www.primarypdc.com/|title=Primary PDC Inc. (Front page)|website=Primary PDC Website|access-date=2006-11-30|archive-date=2008-01-18|quote=Substantially all of the assets of Polaroid Corporation were sold to OEP Imaging Operating Corporation (OEPI) on July 31, 2002. As part of the agreement, OEPI changed its name to Polaroid Corporation and the "former" Polaroid Corporation changed its name to Primary PDC, Inc. [which] operates under the protection of Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and is responsible for [administration] related to the "former" Polaroid Corporation.}}

{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118092022/http://www.primarypdc.com/stockholders.html|url=http://www.primarypdc.com/stockholders.html|title=Stockholders|website=Primary PDC Website|access-date=2006-11-30|archive-date=2008-01-18

|quote=One Equity Partners, a division of Bank One in Chicago, purchased substantially all of the Polaroid business (including the company’s name) from the old Polaroid Corporation, which is now know [sic] as Primary PDC, Inc. [and] which continues to exist under the protection of chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.}}

{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129202302/http://www.primarypdc.com/faq/index.html|url=http://www.primarypdc.com/faq/index.html|archive-date=2008-01-29|access-date=2016-06-24|website=Primary PDC Website|quote=On July 31, 2002, OEP Imaging Corporation (OEP) acquired substantially all the assets of Polaroid Corporation. OEP then changed its name to Polaroid Holding Company (New Polaroid) and Polaroid Corporation changed its name to Primary PDC, Inc. (Old Polaroid). [..] Old Polaroid no longer conducts commercial business and has no employees.}}

}}

{{Commons category|Polaroid}}

{{Prone to spam|date=February 2014}}

• {{Official website}}
• [http://www.polaroideyewear.com Polaroid Eyewear]
• [http://www.polaroidcube.com The Polaroid Cube] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224094320/https://www.polaroidcube.com/ |date=2018-02-24 }}

• [http://www.wide-blue.com/ Wideblue] – former specialist design and development department at Vale of Leven plant

• {{cite news

| title = The Polaroid genius who re-imagined the way we take photos

| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21115581

| work = Instant: The Story of Polaroid, author Christopher Bonanos compares the company's dynamic founder, Edwin Land, with Apple's iconic inventor, Steve Jobs.

| format = video

| publisher = BBC News Online

| date = 2013-01-23

| access-date = 2013-01-26

}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20030505100141/http://www.cfo.com/Article?article=8524 Analysis of the Polaroid bankruptcy] (cfo.com) – includes discussion of the role of Polaroid executives in the bankruptcy proceedings.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060607065656/http://www.house.gov/delahunt/EAPA.shtml Polaroid & Corporate Bankruptcy statement] – by U.S. congressman, Bill Delahunt.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010141855/http://giam.typepad.com/the_branding_of_polaroid_/ The Branding of Polaroid] – Paul Giambarba on Polaroid's branding, including background information on the company.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150430205738/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/02/08/polaroid_shutting_2_mass_facilities_laying_off_150/ Polaroid shutting 2 Mass. facilities, laying off 150], The Boston Globe, 2008-02-08, history and future of the company after ceasing its manufacturing of instant film technology.

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305220407/http://africanactivist.msu.edu/organization.php?name=Polaroid+Revolutionary+Workers+Movement Polaroid Revolutionary Workers Movement] at the African Activist Archive Project – Material associated with protests against Polaroid's association with apartheid-era South Africa
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00206 Polaroid Corporation Administrative records] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00207 Polaroid Corporation Legal and Patent records] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00267 Polaroid Corporation Research and Development records] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00295 Polaroid Corporation Records Related to Edwin H. Land] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
• [https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/bak00306/catalog Polaroid Corporation Audiovisual records] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
• [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00331 Polaroid Corporation Records Related to Meroe Morse] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School

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Category:Photography equipment manufacturers of the United States

Category:Instant photography

Category:Photographic film makers

Category:Companies based in Minnesota

Category:Manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts

Category:American companies established in 1937

Category:Electronics companies established in 1937

Category:Technology companies established in 1937

Category:1937 establishments in Massachusetts

Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2001

Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008

Category: Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange