Police firearm use by country

In nineteen countries or territories, the police do not carry firearms unless the situation is expected to merit it: Botswana, Cook Islands, Fiji, Iceland, Ireland, Kiribati, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Norway, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, the United Kingdom (except for Northern Ireland), the British Virgin Islands and Vanuatu. These countries exhibit gun-homicide rates markedly lower on average than countries with armed police forces. Their police forces commonly adopt a philosophy of policing by consent.{{Cite web|author=Kara Fox|title=How US gun culture compares with the world|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/19/world/us-gun-crime-police-shooting-statistics/index.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=CNN|date=19 July 2017 }}{{Cite magazine|last=|first=|date=|title=What the U.S Can Learn from Countries Where Cops Are Unarmed|url=https://time.com/5854986/police-reform-defund-unarmed-guns/|access-date=2020-12-05|magazine=Time|quote=While the 19 nations in the world that do not arm officers vary greatly in their approach to policing, they share a common thread. “What we can identify in these countries is that people have a tradition—and an expectation—that officers will police by consent rather than with the threat of force,” says Guðmundur Ævar Oddsson, associate professor of sociology at Iceland’s University of Akureyri who specializes in class inequality and forms of social control such as policing.}}

A survey conducted in Great Britain in 2004 found that 47% of citizens supported arming all police while 48% were opposed to the idea.{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19641398|title=Why British police don't have guns|work=BBC News|date=19 September 2012|access-date=11 February 2017 }}

All police officers in Australia carry firearms which are personally issued to them. This usually includes detectives and highway patrol officers. The firearm most commonly issued is the Glock semi-automatic handgun. The Australian police forces are monitored by the Australian Institute of Criminology, which has recorded police shooting deaths since 1989. All fatal police shootings are subject to a mandatory coronial inquest.{{Cite report|url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL2003-06No229.pdf|title=Coroners Act 1985: Final report|author=Victoria. Parliament. Law Reform Committee|date=2006-09-06|page=233|isbn=0-9757984-1-3|access-date=2019-07-24}} A 2013 review by the Australian Institute of Criminology found that 42% of victims of fatal police shootings had a mental illness.{{cite web|url= http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/rip/rip34/rip34.pdf#page=2|publisher=Australian Institute of Criminology |title=Research in Practice: Police shootings of people with a mental illness |access-date=9 February 2017 }} A more recent history of deaths by police shootings is tabulated below.

:1.{{Note|AIC}}Data provided by the Australian Institute of Criminology{{cite web|url=http://crimestats.aic.gov.au/NDICP/2_police-custody/|title=Police custody and custody-related operations|publisher=Australian Institute of Criminology|access-date=24 July 2019|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103064607/http://www.crimestats.aic.gov.au/NDICP/2_police-custody/|url-status=dead}}

Police in Austria usually carry firearms, including Glock pistols. They are monitored by the Austrian Interior Ministry. Since 2006 the records of police firearm use have been expanded to show whether or not a round was targeted at people.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

:1.{{note|AUT1}}10 injuries, severity not specified.

Data reported on by Heute{{cite web|url=http://www.heute.at/news/oesterreich/Polizei-gab-im-Vorjahr-81-Schuesse-ab-nur-4-trafen;art23655,706572 |title=Polizei gab im Vorjahr 81 Schüsse ab - nur 4 trafen |work=Heute |access-date=9 February 2017 |last1=Gmbh. |first1=DJ Digitale Medien }}

{{Original research|date=March 2023|part=section}}

All uniformed police officers belonging to the Police of the Czech Republic (PČR) and all Municipal police departments usually carry firearms. Most officers are equipped with CZ 75D Compact pistols. The use of firearms by police officers belonging to the PČR is regulated by the Act no. 273/2008 Sb. (Act on the Police of the Czech Republic), which defines the ways an officer can use his service weapon and states that a police officer of the PČR is not a subject to the Act no. 119/2002 Sb. (Act on Firearms and ammunition) and as such doesn't have to possess a weapons licence.

The use by officers belonging to a municipal police department is regulated by the Act no. 119/2002 Sb. therefore they need to possess the appropriate weapons licence. The use is further regulated by the Act no. 553/1991 Sb. (Act on the Municipal Police), which gives officers more rights regarding the use of a firearm, such as the right to open carry.

The regulation for the Municipal Police is generally more strict than the regulation for PČR and doesn't give municipal police officers the same rights as PČR officers.

Table below only includes the statistics for PČR officers and doesn't include municipal police departments.

:1.{{note|CZE1}}Data until 31st of August

:2.{{Note|CZE2}}Data until 13th of November

Data reported on by the Police of the Czech Republic{{Cite web |title=Statistiky použití zbraně - Policie České republiky (2019) |url=https://www.policie.cz/clanek/statistiky-pouziti-zbrane.aspx |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=www.policie.cz |language=cs}}{{Cite web |title=Statistika použití zbraně - Policie České republiky (2020) |url=https://www.policie.cz/clanek/statistika-pouziti-zbrane.aspx |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=www.policie.cz |language=cs}}

Since 1965, all Danish police officers have carried firearms when performing their duties. Danish police used Walther PPK 7.65 mm as the standard pistol until 2000, and then the Heckler & Koch USP 9 mm was introduced. In 2008 police began to carry pepper spray in addition to their firearm. Further, all officers are trained in the use of Heckler & Koch MP5, which is issued on special assignments or severe incidents.

Additionally, every police district have specially trained "Reaktionspatruljer" deployed round the clock, carrying the 5.56 × 45 mm NATO GV M/10.{{Cite web|url=https://www.coltcanada.com/fleet-upgrades-licensed-programs-custom-builds/|title = Fleet Upgrades Licensed Programs & Custom Builds - Colt Canada}}{{Cite web |date=August 2015 |title=Analysis of the Police Shooting Training |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/htm/baggrund/generel/Analyse%20af%20politiets%20skydeuddannelser%20pdf.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615204200/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/htm/baggrund/generel/Analyse%20af%20politiets%20skydeuddannelser%20pdf.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=8 March 2023 |website=Danish Broadcasting Corporation |language=Danish}}

The appropriate use of firearms is described in the Act on Police Activities regulations, section 16 and 17 is translated into English in.{{cite web|url=https://www.politi.dk/NR/rdonlyres/20DE43AF-33F4-48C5-A710-6A58457E35D2/0/Engelskresum%C3%A9afendeligrapport.pdf|publisher=Politiet |title=The use of police firearms in Denmark |access-date=8 February 2017 }}

{{Blockquote |text={{ubl

|16.{{ubl

| (1) The police may use force only if necessary and justified and only by such means and to such extent as are reasonable relative to the interest which the police seek to protect. Any assessment of the justifiability of such force must also take into account whether the use of force involves any risk of bodily harm to third parties.

|(2) Force must be used as considerately as possible under the circumstances and so as to minimise any bodily harm.}}

|17. {{ubl

|(1) Firearms may only be used:{{ubl

| (i) to avert an on-going or imminent dangerous assault on a person;

| (ii) to avert other imminent danger to the lives of persons or of such persons incurring grievous bodily harm [...]

| (iv) to secure the apprehension of persons who have or are suspected on reasonable grounds of having commenced or committed a dangerous assault on another person unless the risk that such persons will commit another such assault is deemed not to exist;}}

|(2) Before the police fire shots involving a risk of harm to a person, the person must be informed in so far as possible, first by shouted warnings and then by warning shots, that the police intend to fire if police orders are not observed. It must also be ensured, in so far as possible, that the person is able to observe the order.

|(3) In case of an obvious risk of hitting third parties, shots may only be fired as a last resort [...]

|(5) If police shooting has caused harm to a person, the person must immediately be examined by a doctor.

}}}}

}}

In Denmark the police use of weapons is recorded by the police department. The police department classifies tear gas as the use of a firearm. In 2006 the death of four people by police shootings prompted an investigation into the use of firearms by the Danish police force from 1996 to 2006. The investigation found no significant trends of increased firearms use by the police.

:1.{{note|DEN1}}Includes warning shots and tear gas fired.

:2.{{note|DEN2}}Includes shots aimed at vehicle tyres.

More recent figures have been published separately in a different format.{{cite web|url=https://www.politi.dk/NR/rdonlyres/21B42634-BBE5-4FC9-B050-A0244127239B/0/Politietsbrugafmagtmidler2014.pdf#page=2|publisher=Politiet|title=Politiets brug af magtmidler i 2014 |access-date=14 February 2017 }}

Police in Finland have access to weapons including a Glock 17, Heckler & Koch MP5, Taser and pepper spray. The use of firearms is recorded by the Police College and the Finnish ministry of the Interior.

Data reported on by YLE uutiset{{cite web|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-7738709 |publisher=YLE uutiset |title=Poliisin aseenkäyttö johtaa harvoin kuolemaan |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=9 February 2017 }}

In France the police carry firearms, however, there is no official record of how frequently firearms are used.{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2014/11/26/en-france-le-grand-flou-des-violences-policieres_4529111_4355770.html |publisher=Le Monde |title=En France, le grand flou des violences policières En savoir plus sur |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=11 February 2017 }} An independent group A Toutes Les Victimes has tracked the number of deaths and injuries by police which have been published in the media since 2005. In 2021 the National Assembly passed Article 25, allowing French police officers to carry service firearms while off-duty, though their use remains strictly limited to defense of self and others.{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210320-france-s-senate-approves-the-right-of-police-to-carry-weapons-off-duty |publisher=France 24 |title=France's Senate approves the right of police to carry weapons off duty |website=France24.com |date=20 March 2021 |access-date=1 March 2023 }}

:1{{note|FRA}}Unofficial data from the A Toutes Les Victimes census{{cite web|url=http://atouteslesvictimes.samizdat.net/?page_id=692 |publisher=A Toutes Les Victimes |title=Recensement de personnes tuées par la police ou à cause de son action : 2005-2016 |access-date=11 February 2017 }}

German police forces usually carry firearms. Police firearm statistics dating back to 1984 are available,{{Cite web |title=Offizielle Statistik zu Polizeischüssen |url=https://polizeischuesse.cilip.de/statistik |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=CILIP Institut und Zeitschrift {{!}} Institut für Bürgerrechte & öffentliche Sicherheit e.V.}} a summary of recent years is tabulated below.

Icelandic police officers do not regularly carry firearms, although all receive firearms training. In 2013 the first fatal police shooting took place where one man was killed. As of October 2019 this remains the only fatal police shooting since Iceland became an independent republic in 1944.{{cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-12-03/iceland-grieves-after-police-kill-man-first-time-its-history|publisher=Amnesty International|title=Iceland grieves after police shoot and kill a man for the first time in its history|date=3 December 2013 |access-date=9 February 2017}}

{{Original research|date=March 2023|part=section}}

The strength of the Garda Síochána (national police) is approximately 15,000 officers, most of whom are unarmed; approximately 4,000 are authorised to carry firearms.

The majority of armed Gardaí (officers) consist of ordinary detectives (routinely armed with handguns for personal protection) or belong to specialist regional Armed Support Units. An elite national Emergency Response Unit exists that is trained in hostage rescue tactics.

There were six fatal shootings by Gardaí between 1998 and 2021.{{cite news |last=Bray |first=Allison |date=1 January 2021 |title=Gardaí involved in six fatal shootings in the line of duty since 1998 |url=https://independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-involved-in-six-fatal-shootings-in-the-line-of-duty-since-1998/b39919572.html |work=Irish Independent |location= |access-date=11 August 2024}}

The majority of police officers in Jamaica are trained in the use of firearms. The main service firearm used by Jamaican police, particularly the Jamaica Constabulary Force has changed over time. In recent years, the JCF has predominantly employed the Glock 17 as its regular service pistol. Constables assigned to the Specialized Operations Branch (Jamaican equivalent of a SWAT team) have been seen carrying M16 and M4 carbine assault rifles.

The Jamaica Constabulary Force's (JCF) use of lethal force has been monitored by Amnesty International. From 1983 to 2000 the Jamaican police force has been reported to kill between 121 and 355 people each year with an average of 171 deaths.{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr38/003/2001/en/|publisher=Amnesty International|title=Jamaica: killings and violence by police: how many more victims|date=9 April 2001 |access-date=8 February 2017 }} A subsequent report by Amnesty USA shows that from 1998 to 2015 between 101 and 307 people were killed each year with an average of 192 deaths.{{cite web|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/jamaica_waiting_in_vain_-_report_eng.pdf#page=12|publisher=Amnesty International|title=Waiting in vain; Jamaica: unlawful police killings and relatives' long struggle for justice|access-date=8 February 2017 }} In 2010, the Independent Commission of Investigations (INDECOM) was established as an independent oversight body to tackle the frequent use of lethal force by members of the Security Forces, which has made progress towards reducing the problem.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/23/jamaica-police-killings-amnesty-report|work=The Guardian|title=Jamaica police commit 'hundreds of unlawful killings' yearly, Amnesty says|date=23 November 2016|access-date=8 February 2017 }} A summary of recent years is tabulated below:

Uniformed officers carry firearms, typically the New Nambu M60 revolver while on duty only. Security Police and Special Assault Team carry semi-automatic pistols and heavier submachine guns and rifles depending on the situation.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Law enforcement in the Netherlands usually carry firearms. In every incident where a firearm round is shot and/or hits a person there is an investigation conducted to determine if the use of a firearm was justified. The results of the investigations are made publicly available; the cases for each year are tabulated.

The New Zealand Police do not usually carry firearms. Under normal circumstances, police in New Zealand carry pepper spray, batons, and Tasers, though all are trained with the Glock 17 pistol and Bushmaster M4 semi-automatic rifle. These firearms are carried in all frontline police vehicles and are available for use should a situation require it. There are times when due to a credible threat, New Zealand's 12 district police commanders have the authority to arm all of their frontline officers.{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/opinion/110959577/how-often-are-new-zealand-police-routinely-armed?rm=a | title=How often are New Zealand police routinely armed? | date=3 March 2019 | publisher=Stuff.co.nz | access-date=15 December 2019 }} After the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings all frontline police officers throughout the country were instructed by the Police Commissioner to carry guns while on duty until the National Threat Level was eventually lowered from high.{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/111528797/police-officers-in-every-part-of-new-zealand-will-continue-to-carry-guns | title=Police officers in every part of New Zealand will continue to carry guns | date=25 March 2019 | publisher=Stuff.co.nz | access-date=15 December 2019 }}

Although most staff do not regularly carry firearms, some units such as the Dignitary Protection Service and Airport Police do permanently carry firearms.{{Cite web |date=2016-03-08 |title=Use of Firearms by Police {{!}} New Zealand Police |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185444/http://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/3376 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=web.archive.org}}{{Cite web |date=2009-01-31 |title=Easy police access to firearms |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/36854/Easy-police-access-to-firearms |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.stuff.co.nz}}

When force is used (excluding handcuffs) a tactical operations report is filed. Use of tactical options is published by the New Zealand Police.{{cite web|url=http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/tactical-options-research-reports |title=Tactical Options Research Reports |publisher=New Zealand Police Response and Operations: Research and Evaluation |access-date=8 February 2017 }} A summary of tactical options used in 2010–2014 was published in 2015. In 33,198 events over the four-year period, firearms were drawn 1,422 times, resulting in 5 injuries.{{cite web|url=http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/summary-taser-tor-data-mar2010-dec2014.pdf |title=TASER/Tactical Options Reporting (TOR) data from 22 March 2010 to 31 December 20141 |publisher=New Zealand Police Response and Operations: Research and Evaluation |access-date=8 February 2017 }}

In 2020, seven firearm discharges occurred in five incidents, three resulted in fatal injuries, one in non-fatal injuries, and one missed the subject.{{cite web |url=https://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/annual-tactical-options-research-report-9-print.pdf |title=Tactical Options 2020 Annual Report |publisher=New Zealand Police |access-date=31 December 2020}} From 1990 to 2022, the New Zealand Police have killed 39 people in shooting events.{{Cite web |last=Farah Hancock |first=Hancock |date=2022-03-16 |title=Licence to Kill: The startling truth about NZ's fatal police shootings |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/in-depth-special-projects/story/2018834464/licence-to-kill-the-startling-truth-about-new-zealand-s-fatal-police-shootings |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=RNZ |language=en}}

The Norwegian Police Service (NPS) only carry firearms in response to specific situations, keeping their Heckler & Koch MP5s and Heckler & Koch P30s locked in the patrol cars. The use of firearms is recorded by the police station which publishes detailed statistics on the annual use of firearms. The information presented in the 2014 report is detailed in the table below.{{cite web|url=https://www.politi.no/vedlegg/lokale_vedlegg/politidirektoratet/Vedlegg_3021.pdf|publisher=Politiet|title=POLITIETS TRUSSEL OM BRUK AV SKYTEVÅPEN ELLER BRUK AV SKYTEVÅPEN 2002–2014|access-date=8 February 2017}}{{Cite web |date=11 March 2021 |title=POLITIETS TRUSSEL OM BRUK AV SKYTEVÅPEN OG BRUK AV SKYTEVÅPEN 2009–2021 |url=https://www.politiet.no/globalassets/04-aktuelt-tall-og-fakta/bevapning/politiets-trussel-om-bruk-av-og-bruk-av-skytevapen-2009---2021.pdf }}

Generally, Russian police forces carry firearms and are armed with pistols at a minimum. There is no consistent recording of firearms use across the country. Use of firearms can only be lawful where it is necessary to confront an imminent threat of death or serious injury or a grave and proximate threat to life. Since 2011 the Investigative Committee is responsible for the investigation of alleged unlawful use of police force.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

The South African Police Service is monitored by the Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID) which releases an annual report on the performance indicators of police activity. The IPID publishes deaths as a results of police action and deaths in police custody. Use of firearms forms the majority of the killings by police; shootings by police are all classified under deaths as a result of police action.

1. {{note|DeathDefinition}} Includes all categories of deaths as a result of police action with labels "Shot with service firearm", "Shot with police firearm" and "Negligent handling of a firearm leading to death". Excludes suicides.

Officers of the Swedish Police Authority usually carry firearms when on duty. The standard weapon issued to officers is the SIG Sauer P226 but new gun that is under implementation is Glock45. The police authority report that normally police will threaten to use their weapon but do not discharge it; this happens about 200 times per year. In a typical year the police shoot 20 warning shots aimed at people or vehicles.{{cite web|url=https://polisen.se/Om-polisen/Sa-arbetar-Polisen/Polisens-befogenheter/Polisens-ratt-att-anvanda-skjutvapen/Hur-ofta-anvander-polisen-skjutvapen--/ |title=Hur ofta använder polisen skjutvapen?

|publisher=Polisen |access-date=11 February 2017 }} An investigation reviewing the use of weapons by police details the firearm use from 2003 to 2014.{{cite web|url=https://polisen.se/Global/www%20och%20Intrapolis/Ovriga%20rapporter/Rapport%20polisens%20anv%20skjutvapen%20160201.pdf#page=79 |title=Polisens användning av skjutvapen och eventuella behov av åtgärder |publisher=Polismyndigheten |access-date=8 February 2017 }}

Only the most serious use of violence is counted, if an incident involves both warning shots and shots for effect it is only counted in the shots for effect section.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

{{main|Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom}}

Police forces in the United Kingdom are managed by different bodies but their use of firearms is governed by the UK Home Office. Many police in Northern Ireland carry firearms whereas the police in Great Britain generally do not.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

The police in England and Wales do not routinely carry firearms. A 2006 poll of 47,328 members of the Police Federation of England and Wales found that 82% do not want officers to be routinely armed while on duty. The UK Home Office reports annual statistics on the use of firearms by police forces. The use of firearms is recorded by the police department which publishes detailed statistics on the annual use of firearms dating back to 2003. One report published figures for 2003–2013;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/298435/Police_use_of_firearms_Commons.pdf|publisher=UK Home Office|title=Statistics on police use of firearms in England and Wales 2012-13|access-date=8 February 2017 }} later years are published individually.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/police-use-of-firearms-statistics|publisher=UK Home Office|title=Police use of firearms statistics|access-date=8 February 2017 }} While the Home Office monitors the use of police equipment, the Independent Police Complaints Commission monitored the fatalities of people due to police contact up to 2016.{{Citation |title=Independent Office for Police Conduct |date=2024-09-09 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Office_for_Police_Conduct |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=en}}

1. {{Note|UKHomeOffice}}Data provided by the UK Home Office.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}
2. {{Note|IPCC}}Data provided by the Independent Police Complaints Commission{{cite web|url=https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/page/deaths-during-or-following-police-contact |publisher=Independent Police Complaints Commission |title=Deaths during or following police contact |access-date=9 February 2017 }}

In 2017 the Independent Police Complaints Commission was replaced with the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC). The IOPC publishes the use of firearms in a different format.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} Reported figures on fatal shootings by police are tabled below.

1. {{Note|UKHomeOffice}}Data provided by the UK Home Office.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}
2. {{Note|IOPC}}Data provided by the Independent Office for Police Conduct{{cite web|url=https://policeconduct.gov.uk/research-and-learning/statistics/annual-deaths-during-or-following-police-contact-statistics |publisher=Independent Office for Police Conduct |title=Deaths during or following police contact |access-date=3 June 2020}}

The Police Service of Northern Ireland publish an annual report on the police use of force which lists the frequency that firearms were drawn and fired. However, this report does not list the injuries or deaths resulting from firearms use.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Data published by the Police Service of Northern Ireland.{{cite web|url=https://www.psni.police.uk/inside-psni/Statistics/statistics-on-police-use-of-force/ |publisher=Police Service of Northern Ireland |title=Statistics on Police Use of Force |access-date=13 February 2017}}

The Police Investigation & Review Commissioner publishes an annual report on assessments of complaints and investigations carried out.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

1. {{Note|PIRC1}}Conventional firearms only.
2. {{Note|PIRC2}}Deaths and injuries arising from firearms and other police contact.

Data published by the Police Investigation & Review Commissioner.{{cite web|url=https://pirc.scot/publications/?cat=our+business&from=&to=&category=Annual+reports+and+accounts&sort=desc |publisher=Police Investigation & Review Commissioner |title=Commissioner's annual report |access-date=3 June 2020}}

{{Main|Police use of firearms in the United States}}

Generally, all law enforcement officers in the United States carry firearms and are armed with pistols at a minimum. There is no consistent recording of firearms use across all states; some bodies, such as the New York Police Department (NYPD), report on firearms discharge. In 2015 NYPD reported a record low of eight deaths as well as fifteen injuries caused by police firearms discharge.{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/downloads/pdf/analysis_and_planning/nypd_annual_firearms_discharge_report_2015V3.pdf#page=41 |title=Annual firearms discharge report |publisher=New York Police Department|access-date=9 February 2017}}

The Federal Bureau of Investigation publish the number of "justified" homicides by law enforcement.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

In response to the lack of published data, the organization Campaign Zero launched Mapping Police Violence to collect comprehensive data on people killed by police in the United States. Similarly, the British newspaper The Guardian launched "The Counted" – a program to record the number of fatal police shootings throughout the United States. The Guardian reports that 1,146 people were killed in 2015 and 1,093 people in 2016.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

1. {{Note|IPCC}}Justifiable homicides recorded by the FBI{{cite web|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2014/crime-in-the-u.s.-2014/tables/expanded-homicide-data/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2010-2014.xls |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |title=Expanded Homicide Data Table 14 Justifiable Homicide by Weapon, Law Enforcement, 2010-2014|access-date=9 February 2017 }}{{cite web|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/tables/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2011-2015.xls |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |title=Expanded Homicide Data Table 14 Justifiable Homicide by Weapon, Law Enforcement, 2011-2015|access-date=24 February 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-14.xls |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |title=Expanded Homicide Data Table 14 Justifiable Homicide by Weapon, Law Enforcement, 2013-2017|access-date=20 March 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2018/crime-in-the-u.s.-2018/topic-pages/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-14.xls |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |title=Expanded Homicide Data Table 14 Justifiable Homicide by Weapon, Law Enforcement, 2013-2017|access-date=3 June 2020}}
2. {{Note|MPV}}Mapping Police Violence. Unofficial figures based on media reports{{cite web|url=https://www.mappingpoliceviolence.com/ |title=Mapping Police Violence |publisher=Campaign Zero|access-date=19 April 2019}}
3. {{Note|TheCounted}}The Counted. Unofficial figures based on media reports{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/01/the-counted-police-killings-us-database |title=The Counted: People killed by police in the US |work=The Guardian|date=June 2015 |access-date=9 February 2017 |last1=Swaine |first1=Jon |last2=Laughland |first2=Oliver |last3=Lartey |first3=Jamiles |last4=Davis |first4=Kenan |last5=Harris |first5=Rich |last6=Popovich |first6=Nadja |last7=Powell |first7=Kenton |last8=Team |first8=Guardian US Interactive }}
4. {{Note|WP}}Fatal Force. Unofficial figures based on media reports{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/police-shootings/ |title=Police shootings 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=20 March 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/police-shootings-2016/ |title=Police shootings 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/police-shootings-2017/ |title=Police shootings 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=20 March 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/national/police-shootings-2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123014515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/national/police-shootings-2018/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2018 |title=Police shootings 2018 |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=20 March 2019}}

• List of countries with annual rates and counts for killings by law enforcement officers

{{reflist}}

Category:Law enforcement use of force

Category:Firearm topics by country