Political party strength in U.S. states
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{{Update|date=December 2024|reason=Shows 118th congress congressional representatives}}
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File:2020 Cook PVI.svg in each U.S. state after the 2020 presidential election]]
Political party strength in U.S. states is the level of representation of the various political parties in the United States in each statewide elective office providing legislators to the state and to the U.S. Congress and electing the executives at the state (U.S. state governor) and national (U.S. President) level.
History
Throughout most of the 20th century, although the Republican and Democratic parties alternated in power at a national level, some states were so overwhelmingly dominated by one party that nomination was usually tantamount to election. This was especially true in the Solid South, where the Democratic Party was dominant for the better part of a century, from the end of Reconstruction in the late 1870s, through the period of Jim Crow Laws into the 1960s. Conversely, the rock-ribbed New England states of Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire were dominated by the Republican Party, as were some Midwestern states like Iowa and North Dakota.
However, in the 1970s and 1980s the increasingly conservative Republican Party gradually overtook the Democrats in the southeast. The Democrats' support in the formerly Solid South had been eroded during the vast cultural, political, and economic upheaval that surrounded the 1960s. By the 1990s, the Republican Party had completed the transition into the southeast's dominant political party, despite typically having fewer members due to the prevalence of Republican voting generational Democrats. In New England, the opposite trend occurred; the former Republican strongholds of Maine and Vermont became solidly Democratic, as did formerly Republican areas of New Jersey, New York, California, and Connecticut.
In the U.S. state legislative elections of 2010, the Republican Party held an outright majority of 3,890 seats (53% of total) compared to the Democratic party's 3,450 (47% of total) seats elected on a partisan ballot.{{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/press-room/republicans-exceed-expectations-in-2010.aspx |title=Republicans Exceed Expectations in 2010 State Legislative Elections |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=November 3, 2010 |access-date=2014-12-03}} Of the 7,382 seats in all of the state legislatures combined, independents and third parties account for only 16 members, not counting the 49 members of the Nebraska Legislature, which is the only legislature in the nation to hold non-partisan elections to determine its members. As a result of the 2010 elections, Republicans took control of an additional 20 state legislative chambers, giving them majority control of both chambers in 25 states versus the Democrats' majority control of both chambers in only 17 states, with 7 states having split or inconclusive control of both chambers (not including Nebraska). Before the 2010 elections, it was Democrats who controlled both chambers in 27 states versus the Republican party having total control in only 14 states, with 8 states divided, and Nebraska being nonpartisan.{{cite web |last=Hansen|first=Karen |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/red-tide.aspx |title=Red Tide: December 2010 – A GOP wave washed over state legislatures on Election Day |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=December 2010 |access-date=2014-12-03}}
Since this election, Republicans have maintained a majority of state legislative chambers and seats, as well as governorships nationwide. As of 2024, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 17 Democratic trifectas, and 10 divided governments with both parties holding either legislative chambers or the governorship. However, following the 2022 elections, Democratic trifectas represent a majority of the national population.{{cite news |last=Rakich |first=Nathaniel |date=2022-11-17 |title=The Midterms Made State Governments Bluer |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/2022-governor-state-government/ |website=FiveThirtyEight |access-date=2022-11-17}}
Current party strength
=Cook Partisan Voting Index (PVI)=
Another metric measuring party preference is the Cook Partisan Voting Index (PVI). Cook PVIs are calculated by comparing a state's average Democratic Party or Republican Party share of the two-party presidential vote in the past two presidential elections to the nation's average share of the same. PVIs for the states over time can be used to show the trends of U.S. states towards, or away from, one party or the other.{{cite web |url=http://cookpolitical.com/file/filename.pdf |title=Partisan Voter Index by State, 1994–2014 |publisher=The Cook Political Report |year=2013 |access-date=2014-12-23 |archive-date=2014-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127052333/http://cookpolitical.com/file/filename.pdf |url-status=dead }}
= Gallup =
On December 17, 2020, Gallup polling found that 31% of Americans identified as Democrats, 25% identified as Republicans, and 41% as Independent.{{cite web|url=http://news.gallup.com/poll/15370/party-affiliation.aspx|title=Gallup Historical Trends: Party Affiliation|website=Gallup News|date=September 20, 2007|access-date=2020-05-14|quote=In politics, as of today, do you consider yourself a Republican, a Democrat or an independent?}} Additionally, polling showed that 50% are either "Democrats or Democratic leaners" and 39% are either "Republicans or Republican leaners" when Independents were asked, "do you lean more to the Democratic Party or the Republican Party?"
In 2018, the number of competitive states according to opinion polling dropped down to 10, the lowest number since 2008. From 2017 to 2018, New Hampshire, Nevada, and Pennsylvania moved from competitive to lean Democratic, while West Virginia, Louisiana, and Indiana moved from competitive to lean Republican, and Nebraska moved from lean Republican to competitive.{{Cite web|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/247025/democratic-states-exceed-republican-states-four-2018.aspx|title=Democratic States Exceed Republican States by Four in 2018|publisher=Gallup Inc.|date=2019-02-22|website=Gallup.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-10-20}}
As of 2018, Massachusetts was the most Democratic state, with 56% of residents identifying as Democrats, while only 27% of residents identified as Republicans. However, it is important to note that Washington D.C. (while not a state) has 3 electoral votes and 76% of residents identify as Democrats, while 6% identify as Republicans. Wyoming was the most Republican state, with 59% of residents identifying as Republicans, and only 25% of residents identifying as Democrats.
| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center;" |
|
! colspan="6" | Number of U.S. States |
|---|
| width="16%" | Year
! width="14%" | Solid Dem ! width="14%" | Lean Dem ! width="14%" | Competitive ! width="14%" | Lean GOP ! width="14%" | Solid GOP ! width="14%" | Net Dem |
| 2008
| 29 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 4 | +30 |
| 2009
| 23 | 10 | 12 | 1 | 4 | +28 |
| 2010
| 13 | 9 | 18 | 5 | 5 | +12 |
| 2011
| 11 | 7 | 15 | 7 | 10 | +1 |
| 2012
| 13 | 6 | 19 | 3 | 9 | +7 |
| 2013
| 12 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 12 | +3 |
| 2014
| 11 | 6 | 18 | 5 | 10 | +2 |
| 2015
| 11 | 3 | 16 | 8 | 12 | −6 |
| 2016
| 13 | 1 | 15 | 7 | 14 | −7 |
| 2017
|15 |4 |15 |3 |13 | +3 |
| 2018
|14 |8 |10 |5 |13 | +4 |
=Voter registration=
The state Democratic or Republican Party controls the governorship, the state legislative houses, and U.S. Senate representation. Nebraska's legislature is unicameral (i.e., it has only one legislative house) and is officially non-partisan, though party affiliation still has an unofficial influence on the legislative process.
The simplest measure of party strength in a state voting population is the affiliation totals from voter registration from the websites of the Secretaries of State or state Boards of Elections for the 30 states and the District of Columbia that allow registered voters to indicate a party preference when registering to vote. 20 states{{efn|Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.}} do not include party preference with voter registration. The party affiliations in the party control table are obtained from state party registration figures where indicated.For example, for earlier 2014 registration figures, see: {{cite news |last1=Blumenthal|first1=Mark |last2=Edwards-Levy|first2=Ariel |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/27/state-party-registration_n_5399977.html |title=HUFFPOLLSTER: A State-By-State Guide To Party Registration |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=May 27, 2014 |access-date=2014-12-23}}.
As of 2024, a plurality of voters in California, Nevada, New Mexico, Louisiana, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maine are Democratic, while a majority of voters in Maryland and Washington DC are Democratic. Meanwhile, a plurality of voters in Arizona, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Florida are Republicans. A majority of voters in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Oklahoma are Republicans. In Oregon, Colorado, North Carolina, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Alaska, and New Hampshire, a plurality of voters are Independents. While in Massachusetts, a majority of voters are independents.{{cite news |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Partisan_affiliations_of_registered_voters |title=Partisan affiliations of registered voters |date= March 16, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-16}}.
Party strength by state
Local and regional political circumstances often influence party strength.
=U.S. state party control as of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}=
{{also|Government trifecta#State government trifectas}}
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| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:center" width="100%" |
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! width="11%" | State ! width="12%" | 2024 presidential ! width="11%" | Governor ! width="11%" | State Senate ! width="11%" | State House ! width="11%" | Senior ! width="11%" | Junior ! width="11%" | U.S. House of Representatives |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 27–8 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 76–29 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 5–2 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Coalition}}| Coalition 14–6{{efn|name=alaska|A coalition of 14 Democrats, 2 Republicans, and 5 Independents make up the majority caucus in the Alaska House of Representatives, while a grand coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans make up the majority caucus in the Alaska Senate.}} | {{Party shading/Coalition}}| Coalition 21–19{{efn|name=alaska}} |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 1–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 17–13 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 33–27 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 6–3 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 29–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 81–19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 4–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 30–10 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 60–20 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 43–9 |
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| Colorado |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 23–12 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 43–22 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic | style="background:thistle;"| Tied 4–4 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 25–11 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 102–49 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 5–0 |
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| Delaware |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 15–6 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 27–14 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 1–0 |
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| Florida |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 28–12 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 87–33 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 20–8 |
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| Georgia |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 33–23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 100–80 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 9–5 |
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| Hawaii |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 22–3 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 42–9 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 2–0 |
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| Idaho |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 29–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 61–9 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 2–0 |
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| Illinois |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 40–19 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 78–40 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 14–3 |
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| Indiana |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 40–10 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 70–30 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 7–2 |
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| Iowa |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 34–16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 67–33 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 4–0 |
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| Kansas |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 31–9 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 88–37 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 3–1 |
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| Kentucky |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 31–7 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 80–20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 5–1 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 27–12 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 71–33–1 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 4–2 |
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| Maine | style="background:thistle;"| Democratic/ Republican (2nd District) |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 20–15 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 76-73-2 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Independent Democrat}}| Independent{{efn|Senators Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Angus King (I-ME) are Independent Democrats and, as such, are included in Democrats' total number of Senators for the purposes of calculating partisan breakdown in this article.|name=ind}} |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 2–0 |
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| Maryland |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 34–13 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 102–39 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 7–1 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 35–5 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 134–25–1 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 9–0 |
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| Michigan |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 20–18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 58–52 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 7–6 |
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|{{Party shading/DFL}}| Democratic (DFL) |{{Party shading/DFL}}| Democratic (DFL) |{{Party shading/DFL}}| DFL 34–33 | style="background:thistle;"| Tied 67-67 |{{Party shading/DFL}}| Democratic (DFL) |{{Party shading/DFL}}| Democratic (DFL) | style="background:thistle;"| Tied 4–4 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 36–16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 79–41–2 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 3–1 |
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| Missouri |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 24–10 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 111–52 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 6–2 |
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| Montana |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 32–18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 58–42 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 2–0 |
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| Nebraska | style="background:thistle;"| Republican/ Democratic (2nd District) | {{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican | colspan="2" {{Party shading/Republican}}| Unicameral Nonpartisan Legislature{{efn|While the Nebraska Legislature is technically non-partisan, the majority of its senators are de facto Republicans.|name=ne}} | {{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican | {{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican | {{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 3–0 |
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| Nevada |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 13–8 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 27–15 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 3–1 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 16–8 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 222–178 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 2–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 25–15 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 52–28 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 9–3 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 26–16 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 44–26 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 3–0 |
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| New York |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 41–22 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 103–47 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 19–7 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 30–20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 71–49 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 10–4 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 42–5 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 83–11 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 1–0 |
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| Ohio |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 24–9 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 65–34 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 10–5 |
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| Oklahoma |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 40–8 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 81–20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 5–0 |
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| Oregon |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 18–12 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 36–24 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 5–1 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 27–23 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 102–101 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 10–7 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 34–4 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 64–10-1 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 2–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 34–12 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 88–36 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 6–1 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 32–3 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 64–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 1–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 27–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 75–24 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 8–1 |
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| Texas |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 20–11 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 88–62 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 25–13 |
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| Utah |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 23–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 61–14 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 4–0 |
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| Vermont |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 16–13–1 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 87–56–4–3 |{{Party shading/Independent Democrat}}| Independent{{efn|name=ind}} |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 1–0 |
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| Virginia |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 21–19 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 51-49 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 6–5 |
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|{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 30–19 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 59–39 |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic 8–2 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 32–2 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 91–9 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 2–0 |
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|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 18–15 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 54-45 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democratic |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 6–2 |
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| Wyoming |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 28–2 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 56–6 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 1–0 |
| class="wikitable" width="100%" |
| align=center
! colspan=6 | Totals |
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! width="17%" | Presidency ! width="17%" | U.S. Senate ! width="17%" | U.S. House of ! width="17%" | Governorships ! width="16%" | Majority in ! width="16%" | Majority in |
| align=center
|{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 312–226 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 53–47{{efn|name=ind}} |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 220–215 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 27–23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 29–20–1{{efn|name=alaska}} |{{Party shading/Republican}}| Republican 28–19–2{{efn|name=alaska}} |
{{notelist}}
=State government=
| class=wikitable |
| Governor
! Governors and Legislatures |
|---|
| [[File:United States Governors map.svg|thumb|400px|US state governors by political party as of {{TODAY}}
{{legend|#33f|Democratic}} {{legend|#f33|Republican}} {{legend|#161687|New Progressive}}]] | [[File:US state Legislature and Governor Control.svg|thumb|400px|US state and territorial governments (governor and legislature) by party control as of {{TODAY}} {{legend|#33f|Democratic control}} {{legend|#f33|Republican control}} {{legend|#161687|New Progressive control}} {{legend|#829|Split control}}]] |
Historical party strength
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |
| align=center
! Year ! Democrats ! Republicans ! Split |
| 1938
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|21 |19 |6 |
|---|
| 1940
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|21 |17 |8 |
| 1942
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|24 |3 |
| 1944
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|24 |3 |
| 1946
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|25 |4 |
| 1948
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|19 |16 |11 |
| 1950
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|21 |6 |
| 1952
|16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 |4 |
| 1954
| 19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|20 | 7 |
| 1956
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|22 |19 |5 |
| 1958
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|30 |7 |11 |
| 1960
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |15 |6 |
| 1962
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|25 |17 |6 |
| 1964
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|32 |6 |10 |
| 1966
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|23 |16 |9 |
| 1968
|{{party shading/American}}|20 |{{party shading/American}}|20 |8 |
| 1970
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|23 |16 |9 |
| 1972
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |16 |7 |
| 1974
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|37 |4 |8 |
| 1976
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|35 |4 |10 |
| 1978
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|31 |11 |7 |
| 1980
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |15 |5 |
| 1982
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|34 |11 |4 |
| 1984
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |11 |12 |
| 1986
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |9 |12 |
| 1988
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |8 |12 |
| 1990
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|30 |6 |13 |
| 1992
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|25 |8 |16 |
| 1994
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|19 |12 |
| 1996
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|20 |18 |11 |
| 1998
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|20 |17 |12 |
| 2000
|16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|18 |15 |
| 2002
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|18 |17 |14 |
| 2003
|16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|21 |12 |
| 2004
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|21 |11 |
| 2005
|{{party shading/American}}|20 |{{party shading/American}}|20 |9 |
| 2007
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|24 |16 |9 |
| 2008
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|23 |15 |12 |
| 2009
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |15 |8 |
| 2010
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |15 |8 |
| 2011
|15 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 |8 |
| 2012
|15 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 |6 |
| 2013
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 |5 |
| 2014
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 |5 |
| 2015
|11 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |8 |
| 2016
|11 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |8 |
| 2017
|12 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|32 |6 |
| 2018
|13 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|32 |5 |
| 2019
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 |2 |
| 2020
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 |2 |
| 2021
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 |2 |
| 2022
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 |3 |
| 2023
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 |3 |
| 2024
|20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 |2 |
| 2025
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 |4 |
The state governorships controlled by each party.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |
| align=center
! Year ! Democrats ! Republicans ! Independent |
| 1922
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |22 | |
|---|
| 1923
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |21 | |
| 1924
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|25 | |
| 1926
|20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 | |
| 1927
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 | |
| 1928
|16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|32 | |
| 1930
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|24 |22 |2 |
| 1931
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |20 |2 |
| 1932
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|36 |10 |2 |
| 1934
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|37 |9 |2 |
| 1936
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|38 |7 |3 |
| 1937
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|39 |6 |3 |
| 1938
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |19 | |
| 1940
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |20 | |
| 1942
|{{party shading/American}}|24 |{{party shading/American}}|24 | |
| 1943
|22 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 | |
| 1944
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|25 |23 | |
| 1946
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|25 | |
| 1947
|{{party shading/American}}|24 |{{party shading/American}}|24 | |
| 1948
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |20 | |
| 1950
|22 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 | |
| 1952
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 | |
| 1953
| 19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 | |
| 1954
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |21 | |
| 1956
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |20 | |
| 1958
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|35 |15 | |
| 1960
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|34 |16 | |
| 1962
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|34 |16 | |
| 1964
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|33 |17 | |
| 1966
|{{party shading/American}}|25 |{{party shading/American}}|25 | |
| 1967
|24 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 | |
| 1968
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 | |
| 1969
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|32 | |
| 1970
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |21 | |
| 1971
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|30 |20 | |
| 1972
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|31 |19 | |
| 1973
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|32 |18 | |
| 1974
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|36 |13 |1 |
| 1976
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|37 |12 |1 |
| 1978
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|32 |18 | |
| 1979
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|31 |19 | |
| 1980
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|27 |23 | |
| 1982
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|34 |16 | |
| 1983
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|35 |15 | |
| 1984
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|34 |16 | |
| 1986
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |24 | |
| 1988
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |22 | |
| 1989
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |21 | |
| 1990
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |20 |2 |
| 1992
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|30 |18 |2 |
| 1993
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |19 |2 |
| 1994
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 |1 |
| 1995
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |1 |
| 1996
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|32 |1 |
| 1998
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |2 |
| 1999
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 |2 |
| 2000
|19 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 |2 |
| 2001
|21 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 |2 |
| 2002
|24 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 | |
| 2004
|22 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 | |
| 2006
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|28 |22 | |
| 2008
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|29 |21 | |
| 2009
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |24 | |
| 2010
|{{Party shading/Democratic}}|26 |23 |1 |
| 2011
|20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 |1 |
| 2012
|20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 |1 |
| 2013
|20 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|30 | |
| 2014
|21 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|29 | |
| 2015
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |1 |
| 2016
|18 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|31 |1 |
| 2017
|15 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|34 |1 |
| 2018
|16 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|33 |1 |
| 2019
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 | |
| 2020
|24 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 | |
| 2021
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 | |
| 2022
|22 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|28 | |
| 2023
|24 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|26 |
| 2024
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 | |
| 2025
|23 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|27 | |
State government full or split control, by party.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |
| align=center
! Year ! Democrats ! Republicans ! Split |
| 1977
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|27 |1 |22 |
|---|
| 1978
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|27 |1 |22 |
| 1979
|19 |5 |{{party shading/American}}|26 |
| 1980
|18 |5 |{{party shading/American}}|27 |
| 1981
|16 |8 |{{party shading/American}}|26 |
| 1982
|16 |8 |{{party shading/American}}|26 |
| 1983
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|24 |4 |22 |
| 1984
|{{party shading/Democratic}}|24 |4 |22 |
| 1985
|17 |4 |{{party shading/American}}|29 |
| 1986
|17 |4 |{{party shading/American}}|29 |
| 1987
|15 |7 |{{party shading/American}}|28 |
| 1988
|14 |6 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 1989
|15 |5 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 1990
|16 |5 |{{party shading/American}}|29 |
| 1991
|16 |3 |{{party shading/American}}|31 |
| 1992
|15 |3 |{{party shading/American}}|32 |
| 1993
|18 |3 |{{party shading/American}}|29 |
| 1994
|16 |4 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 1995
|8 |15 |{{party shading/American}}|27 |
| 1996
|6 |14 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 1997
|5 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|33 |
| 1998
|5 |13 |{{party shading/American}}|32 |
| 1999
|8 |15 |{{party shading/American}}|27 |
| 2000
|9 |16 |{{party shading/American}}|25 |
| 2001
|8 |14 |{{party shading/American}}|28 |
| 2002
|9 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|29 |
| 2003
|8 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 2004
|8 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 2005
|8 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 2006
|8 |12 |{{party shading/American}}|30 |
| 2007
|15 |10 |{{party shading/American}}|25 |
| 2008
|14 |10 |{{party shading/American}}|26 |
| 2009
|18 |10 |{{party shading/American}}|22 |
| 2010
|17 |10 |{{party shading/American}}|23 |
| 2011
|11 |{{party shading/Republican}}|22 |17 |
| 2012
|11 |{{party shading/Republican}}|24 |15 |
| 2013
|13 |{{party shading/Republican}}|25 |12 |
| 2014
|13 |{{party shading/Republican}}|24 |13 |
| 2015
|7 |{{party shading/Republican}}|24 |19 |
| 2016
|7 |{{party shading/Republican}}|23 |20 |
| 2017
|5 |{{party shading/Republican}}|25 |20 |
| 2018
|7 |{{party shading/Republican}}|25 |18 |
| 2019
|14 |{{party shading/Republican}}|22 |14 |
| 2020
|15 |{{party shading/Republican}}|21 |14 |
| 2021
|15 |{{party shading/Republican}}|23 |12 |
| 2022
|14 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|23 |13 |
| 2023
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|22 |11 |
| 2024
|17 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|23 |10 |
| 2025
|15 |{{Party shading/Republican}}|23 |12 |
;Graphical summary
{{Graph:Chart
| width=800
| height=400
| xAxisTitle=
| yAxisTitle= Timeline of number of states controlled by party
| xAxisAngle = -40
| legend=Opinion
| interpolate =
| size = 77
| xType = date
| y1Title=Democratic
| y2Title=Republican
| y3Title=Split
| type=line
|xGrid=
| x=
1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
|y1=
27, 27, 19, 18, 16, 16, 24, 24, 17, 17, 15, 14, 15, 16, 16, 15, 18, 16, 8, 6, 5, 5, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 15, 14, 18, 17, 11, 11, 13, 13, 7, 7, 5, 7, 14, 15, 15, 14, 17
|y2=
1, 1, 5, 5, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 7, 6, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 15, 14, 12, 13, 15, 16, 14, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 22, 24, 25, 24, 24, 23, 25, 25, 22, 21, 23, 23, 22
|y3=
22, 22, 26, 27, 26, 26, 22, 22, 29, 29, 28, 30, 30, 29, 31, 32, 29, 31, 32, 29, 30, 27, 30, 33, 32, 27, 25, 28, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 25, 26, 22, 23, 17, 15, 12, 13, 19, 20, 20, 18, 14, 14, 12, 13, 11
| colors = #0000FF, #FF0000, #800080
| showSymbols = 0, 0, 0
| symbolsShape = cross
| yGrid = true
| linewidth = 2.0
}}