Political positions of Emmanuel Macron

File:Special Address by Emmanuel Macron, President of France (39008127495).jpg 2018 in Davos, Switzerland]]

Macron has advocated in favour of the free market and reducing the public-finances deficit.{{cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2012/09/17/avec-macron-l-elysee-decroche-le-poupon_847010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000949/http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2012/09/17/avec-macron-l-elysee-decroche-le-poupon_847010|title=Avec Macron, l'Elysée décroche le poupon|archive-date=7 October 2015|work=Libération|date=17 September 2012|access-date=1 February 2017}} He first publicly used the word liberal to describe himself in a 2015 interview with Le Monde. He added that he is "neither right nor left" and that he advocates a "collective solidarity".{{cite web|url=http://www.marianna.net/emmanuel-macron-homme-qui-excelle-ne-pas-repondre-aux-questions-100245550.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115223505/http://www.marianna.net/emmanuel-macron-homme-qui-excelle-ne-pas-repondre-aux-questions-100245550.html|archive-date=15 November 2018|title=Emmanuel Macron, l'homme qui excelle pour ne pas répondre aux questions|language=fr|publisher=Marianne.net|date=4 September 2016|access-date=1 February 2017}} During a visit to the Puy du Fou in Vendée with Philippe de Villiers in August 2016, he stated: "Honesty compels me to say that I am not a socialist."{{cite news|title=" Je ne suis pas socialiste ": la déclaration de Macron au Puy du Fou agace la gauche|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/08/20/je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste-la-declaration-de-macron-au-puy-du-fou-agace-la-gauche_4985511_4854003.html|access-date=8 May 2017|work=Le Monde|date=20 August 2016}} Macron explained that he was part of the "left government" because he wanted to "serve the public interest" as any minister would.{{cite web|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/macron-l-honnetete-m-oblige-a-vous-dire-que-je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste-1027738.html|title=Macron: 'L'honnêteté m'oblige à vous dire que je ne suis pas socialiste'|publisher=BFMTV|date=22 August 2016}} In his book Révolution, published in November 2016, Macron presents himself as both a "leftist" and a "liberal ... if by liberalism one means trust in man".{{cite web|first=Jade|last=Toussay|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/11/23/les-premieres-fuites-sur-ce-que-contient-revolution-le-livre-macron|title=Les premiers extraits de 'Révolution', le livre d'Emmanuel Macron, dévoilés|work=HuffPost|language=fr|date=23 November 2016|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065047/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/11/23/les-premieres-fuites-sur-ce-que-contient-revolution-le-livre-macron/|archive-date=18 February 2017}}

With his party En Marche, Macron's stated aim is to transcend the left–right divide in a manner similar to that of François Bayrou or Jacques Chaban-Delmas, asserting that "the real divide in our country ... is between progressives and conservatives". With the launch of his independent candidacy and his use of anti-establishment rhetoric, Macron has been labelled a populist by some observers, notably Valls, but Macron has rejected this term.{{cite web|first=Alexandre|last=Boudet|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/07/13/dans-son-meeting-macron-se-presente-comme-antisysteme-ses-adve|language=fr|title=Dans son meeting, Macron se présente comme antisystème, ses adversaires rient jaune|work=HuffPost|date=13 July 2016|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227190101/http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/07/13/dans-son-meeting-macron-se-presente-comme-antisysteme-ses-adve/|archive-date=27 February 2017}}{{cite web|first=Amandine|last=Réaux|url=http://lelab.europe1.fr/le-gouvernement-denonce-le-populisme-demmanuel-macron-dans-sa-critique-du-systeme-2798749|title=Le gouvernement dénonce le populisme d'Emmanuel Macron dans sa critique du système|language=fr|work=Le Lab|publisher=Europe 1|date=13 July 2016|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221053112/http://lelab.europe1.fr/le-gouvernement-denonce-le-populisme-demmanuel-macron-dans-sa-critique-du-systeme-2798749|url-status=dead}}

Macron is a supporter of the El Khomri law. He became the most vocal proponent of the economic overhaul of the country.Walt, Vivienne, [https://time.com/4389043/emmanuel-macron-france-president-en-marche/ "Emmanuel Macron Has Big Plans for France. Is It Ready for Them?"], Time, 5 July 2016. Macron has stated that he wants to go further than the El Khomri law in reforming the labour code.{{cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/23/05/2016/lesechos.fr/021958533853_emmanuel-macron-----il-faut-aller-plus-loin-que-la-loi-el-khomri-.htm|title=Emmanuel Macron: " Il faut aller plus loin que la loi El Khomri"|date=23 May 2016|website=Les Échos|location=France|access-date=22 July 2017}}

Macron is in favour of tax cuts. During the 2017 presidential election, Macron proposed cutting the corporate tax rate from 33.3% to 25%. Macron also wanted to remove investment income from the wealth tax so that it is solely a tax on high-value property.{{cite web|url=http://www.tax-news.com/news/Macron_Sets_Out_Tax_Policies_For_France____73567.html|title=Macron Sets Out Tax Policies For France|website=tax-news.com|language=EN|access-date=22 July 2017|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805055230/https://www.tax-news.com/news/Macron_Sets_Out_Tax_Policies_For_France____73567.html|url-status=usurped}} Macron also wanted to exempt 18 million households from local residence tax, branding the tax as "unfair" during his 2017 presidential campaign.{{cite web|url=https://www.connexionfrance.com/Practical/Money/Macron-s-planned-tax-reforms-and-you|title=Macron's planned tax reforms and you|website=The Connexion France|language=en|access-date=22 July 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2017/07/07/taxe-dhabitation-macron-avait-bien-promis-son-exoneration-en_a_23021019/|title=Taxe d'habitation: Macron avait bien promis son exonération "en début de quinquennat"|website=Le Huffington Post|date=7 July 2017|access-date=22 July 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/comment-macron-compte-supprimer-la-taxe-dhabitation-pour-80-des-francais-3324476|title=Comment Macron compte supprimer la taxe d'habitation pour 80% des Français|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR}}

Macron is against raising taxes on the highest earners. When asked about François Hollande's proposal to raise income tax on the upper class to 75%, Macron compared the policy to the Cuban taxation system.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2014/08/26/20002-20140826ARTFIG00392-emmanuel-macron-l-anti-montebourg.php|title=Emmanuel Macron, l'anti-Montebourg|last=Visot|first=Marie|date=26 August 2014|work=Le Figaro|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}} Macron supports stopping tax avoidance.

On 8 June 2021, Macron was slapped in the face during a visit to the town of Tain-l'Hermitage. The attacker was identified as Damien Tarel, who stated that he was associated with the yellow vest movement and the far-right, though he was also described as an "ideological mush".{{Cite web|date=10 June 2021|title=Man who slapped Emmanuel Macron to appear at fast-track trial|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/10/man-slapped-emmanuel-macron-stand-trial-france|access-date=10 June 2021|agency=Reuters|work=The Guardian|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=9 June 2021|first=Jean-Michel|last=Décugis|title=Emmanuel Macron giflé: un exemplaire de Mein Kampf retrouvé chez le second suspect|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/emmanuel-macron-gifle-un-exemplaire-de-mein-kampf-retrouve-chez-le-second-suspect-09-06-2021-A3UYU4B3TFFC5EKFXSYYTMSQEE.php|access-date=10 June 2021|work=Le Parisien|language=fr-FR}} Tarel was sentenced to four months of imprisonment plus a suspended sentence of fourteen months.{{Cite web|date=10 June 2021|title=Man who slapped Emmanuel Macron gets four-month jail sentence|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/10/man-who-slapped-emmanuel-macron-gets-four-month-jail-sentence|access-date=10 June 2021|agency=Associated Press|work=The Guardian|language=en-US}}

File:La Fête à Macron, 5 mai 2018 — 66.jpg and his economic policies in Paris on 5 May 2018]]

Macron has advocated for the end of the 35-hour work week;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11060592/Frances-new-economy-minister-suggests-scrapping-35-hour-working-week-rules.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11060592/Frances-new-economy-minister-suggests-scrapping-35-hour-working-week-rules.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=France's new economy minister suggests scrapping 35-hour working week rules|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=22 July 2017|language=en}}{{cbignore}}{{Cite news|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/election-presidentielle-2017/20161108.OBS0914/emmanuel-macron-annonce-ses-8-mesures-chocs-dans-l-obs.html|title=Emmanuel Macron annonce ses 8 mesures chocs dans "l'Obs"|work=L'Obs|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR}} however, his view has changed over time and he now seeks reforms that aim to preserve the 35-hour work week while increasing France's competitiveness.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/12/16/macron-l-amorce-d-un-virage-a-gauche_5050052_4854003.html|title=Macron, l'amorce d'un virage à gauche|last=Pietralunga|first=Cédric|date=16 December 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} He has said that he wants to return flexibility to companies without ending the 35-hour work week.{{Cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170413-french-presidential-candidates-divided-35-hour-week-economy-employment|title=French candidates divided on future of 35-hour work week – France 24|date=13 April 2017|publisher=France 24|access-date=22 July 2017|language=en-US}} This would include companies renegotiating work hours and overtime payments with employees.

Macron has supported cutting the number of civil servants by 120,000.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2017/02/23/20002-20170223ARTFIG00407-emmanuel-macron-promet-de-supprimer-120000-postes-de-fonctionnaires.php|title=Assurance-chômage, fonctionnaires, impôts... les propositions d'Emmanuel Macron|work=Le Figaro|date=23 February 2017|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}} Macron also supports spending cuts, saying he would cut 60 billion euros in public spending over a span of five years.{{Cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-election-macron-idUKKBN1622E5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224052603/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-election-macron-idUKKBN1622E5|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2017|title=France's Macron unveils mix of tax cuts, spending cuts in economic plans|last=Rose|first=Michel|agency=Reuters UK|access-date=22 July 2017|language=en-GB}}

He has supported the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union and criticized the Walloon government for trying to block it.{{cite news|language=fr|access-date=25 April 2017|date=20 October 2016|title=Emmanuel Macron critique le véto wallon|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/ceta-emmanuel-macron-critique-le-veto-wallon-4572177|work=Ouest France|first=Fabien|last=Cazenave}} He believes that CETA should not require the endorsement of national parliaments because "it undermines the EU".{{cite web|url=http://www.lesoir.be/1346811/article/actualite/union-europeenne/2016-10-19/macron-questions-wallonnes-sur-ceta-sont-pertinentes-mais%E2%80%A6|title=Macron: "Les questions wallonnes sur le Ceta sont pertinentes, mais..."|language=fr|work=Le Soir|access-date=23 February 2017|date=19 October 2016}} Macron supports the idea of the Eurozone having a common budget.{{Cite news|url=https://global.handelsblatt.com/politics/french-hopeful-macron-eurozone-needs-own-budget-678963|title=French Candidate Macron Urges Euro-Zone Budget, Common Debt, During Berlin Visit|date=10 January 2017|work=Handelsblatt Global Edition|access-date=22 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803051634/https://global.handelsblatt.com/politics/french-hopeful-macron-eurozone-needs-own-budget-678963}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/02/what-would-emmanuel-macron-france-leader-mean-europe|title=What would Emmanuel Macron as France's leader mean for Europe?|first=Patrick|last=Wintour|date=2 May 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 July 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}

Regarding the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Macron stated in June 2016 that "the conditions [to sign the treaty] are not met", adding that "we mustn't close the door entirely" and "need a strong link with the US".{{cite web|url=https://en-marche.fr/interview-demmanuel-macron-monde-devons-delivrer-leurope-de-devenue|title=Interview d'Emmanuel Macron dans Le Monde: "Nous devons délivrer l'Europe de ce qu'elle est devenue"|publisher=En Marche|date=20 June 2016|language=fr|access-date=1 February 2017}}

In April 2017, Macron called for a "rebalancing" of Germany's trade surplus, saying that "Germany benefits from the imbalances within the Eurozone and achieves very high trade surpluses".[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-16/france-s-macron-says-german-trade-surplus-harmful-to-eu-economy "France's Macron Says German Trade Surplus Harmful to EU Economy"], Bloomberg, 16 April 2017.

In March 2018, Macron announced that the government would spend 1.5 billion euros ($1.9 billion) on artificial intelligence to boost innovation. The money would be used to sponsor research projects and scientific laboratories, as well as to finance startup companies whose focus is AI within the country.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-29/macron-unveils-1-9-billion-technology-push-to-rival-u-s-china|title=Macron Unveils $1.9 Billion Technology Push to Rival U.S., China|date=29 March 2018|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}

{{See also|List of international presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron}}

File:G7 Taormina family photo 2017-05-26.jpg leaders, 26 May 2017]]

File:Emmanuel Macron and Idriss Déby Itno (23-12-2018).png in N'Djamena, December 2018]]

File:Fumio Kishida attended the March 2022 G7 summit at NATO HQ (1).jpg, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, 24 March 2022]]

In 2017, Macron described France's colonization of Algeria as a "crime against humanity".{{cite news | access-date = 25 April 2017 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/macron-loses-lead-remarks-colonial-algeria-gay-marriage-spark/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/macron-loses-lead-remarks-colonial-algeria-gay-marriage-spark/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title= Emmanuel Macron loses lead in French election polls after remarks on colonial Algeria and gay marriage spark outrage | work =The Daily Telegraph | date = 18 February 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{Cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2019/04/30/french-soft-power-resetting-african-relations/|title=FRANCE RESETS AFRICAN RELATIONS: A POTENTIAL LESSON FOR PRESIDENT TRUMP|last=Genin|first=Aaron|date=30 April 2019|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=1 May 2019}} He also said: "It's truly barbarous and it's part of a past that we need to confront by apologizing to those against whom we committed these acts."{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170216-france-presidential-hopeful-macron-describes-colonisation-algeria-crime-against-humanity |title= French presidential hopeful Macron calls colonization a 'crime against humanity | publisher= France 24 |date=16 February 2017 | access-date=26 April 2017}} Polls following his remarks reflected a decrease in his support. In January 2021, Macron stated there would be "no repentance nor apologies" for the French colonization of Algeria, colonial abuses or French involvement during the Algerian independence war. Instead efforts would be devoted toward reconciliation.{{cite news|title='No repentance nor apologies' for colonial abuses in Algeria, says Macron|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210120-no-repentance-nor-apologies-for-colonial-abuses-in-algeria-says-macron|agency=France 24|date=20 January 2021|access-date=30 January 2021}}{{cite news|title=Macron rules out official apology for colonial abuses in Algeria|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/20/macron-rules-out-official-apology-for-colonial-abuses-in-algeria|agency=Al Jazeera|date=20 January 2021|access-date=30 January 2021}}{{cite news|title=Macron Rules Out Apology For Colonial Abuses In Algeria|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/macron-rules-out-official-apology-for-colonial-abuses-in-algeria-01611140710?tesla=y|agency=Barron's|date=20 January 2021|access-date=30 January 2021}}

Macron described the 2011 military intervention in Libya as a "historic error".{{cite news|author=Sophie Pedder|author-link=Sophie Pedder|title=President Macron wants France to play a bigger part in Europe|url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21729613-crucial-franco-german-axis-will-matter-even-more-president-macron-wants-france|newspaper=The Economist|date=30 September 2017}}

In 2012, Macron was a Young Leader with the French-American Foundation.{{cite web|title=EARLIER CLASSES|url=https://frenchamerican.org/youngleadersclasses|publisher=French American Foundation|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702165708/https://frenchamerican.org/youngleadersclasses|archive-date=2 July 2017}}

In January 2017, he said France needed a more "balanced" policy toward Syria, including talks with Bashar al-Assad.{{cite news|title=France's presidential hopeful Macron pushes for Syria talks|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/frances-presidential-hopeful-macron-pushes-for-syria-talks/|work=Fox News|date=24 January 2017}} In April 2017, following the chemical attack in Khan Shaykhun, Macron proposed a possible military intervention against the Assad regime, preferably under United Nations auspices.{{cite news|title=Le Pen 'Shocked' By Trump's Decision to Hit Syria, Macron Urges Military Intervention|url=https://www.theissue.com/politics/le-pen-shocked-by-trumps-decision-to-hit-syria-macron-urges-military-intervention|publisher=The Issue|date=7 April 2017|first=Marco|last=Valens|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419195043/https://www.theissue.com/politics/le-pen-shocked-by-trumps-decision-to-hit-syria-macron-urges-military-intervention|url-status=dead}} He has warned if the Syrian regime uses chemical weapons during his presidency he will act unilaterally to punish it.

He supports the continuation of President Hollande's policies on Israel, opposes the BDS movement, and has refused to state a position on recognition of the State of Palestine.{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/01/24/emmanuel-macron-faire-de-la-destitution-d-assad-un-prealable-a-tout-a-ete-une-erreur_5067903_4854003.html |title=Emmanuel Macron: "Faire de la destitution d'Assad un préalable à tout a été une erreur" |work=Le Monde| language = fr |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=1 February 2017}} In May 2018, Macron condemned "the violence of Israeli armed forces" against Palestinians in Gaza border protests."[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-france-gaza/frances-macron-condemns-gaza-violence-to-call-israeli-pm-tuesday-idUSKCN1IF2J8 France's Macron condemns Gaza violence, to call Israeli PM Tuesday]". Reuters. 14 May 2018.

He criticized the Franco-Swiss construction firm LafargeHolcim for competing to build the wall on the Mexico–United States border promised by U.S. President Donald Trump.{{cite news|last1=Dalton|first1=Matthew|title=LafargeHolcim Faces Warnings on Providing Cement for U.S. Border Wall|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lafargeholcim-faces-warnings-on-providing-cement-for-u-s-border-wall-1489170979|access-date=4 May 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=10 March 2017}}

Macron has called for a peaceful solution during the 2017 North Korea crisis,{{Cite news|url=http://www.elysee.fr/communiques-de-presse/article/communique-coree-du-nord/|title=Communiqué – Corée du Nord|last=République|first=Présidence de la|work=elysee.fr|access-date=13 August 2017|language=fr-FR}} though he agreed to work with US President Trump against North Korea.{{Cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170812-macron-trump-work-together-defuse-n-korea-threat|title=Macron, Trump agree to work together to defuse N. Korea threat – France 24|date=12 August 2017|publisher=France 24|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-US}} Macron and Trump apparently conducted a phone call on 12 August 2017 where they discussed confronting North Korea, denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and enforcing new sanctions.{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-calls-for-peaceful-outcome-with-north-korea/|title=Emmanuel Macron calls for peaceful outcome with North Korea|date=13 August 2017|work=Politico|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-US}}

Macron condemned the persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. He described the situation as "genocide" and "ethnic purification", and alluded to the prospect of UN-led intervention.{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/09/21/french-president-labels-attacks-rohingya-minority-genocide|title=French President labels attacks on Rohingya minority as 'genocide'|website=sbs.com.au|access-date=5 October 2017}}

In response to the Turkish invasion of northern Syria aimed at ousting U.S.-backed Syrian Kurds from the enclave of Afrin, Macron said that Turkey must respect Syria's sovereignty, despite his condemnation of Bashar al-Assad.{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/758b99d066984f5a8c6c72dc54ffa69f/Civilians-pay-price-as-Turkey-battles-Syrian-Kurds|title=Civilians pay price as Turkey battles Syrian Kurds|work=Associated Press|access-date=1 February 2018|language=en-US}}

Macron has voiced support for the Saudi Arabian-led military campaign against Yemen's Shiite rebels.{{cite news |title=France's Macron defends Saudi arms sales, to hold Yemen conference |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-saudi-yemen/frances-macron-defends-saudi-arms-sales-to-hold-yemen-conference-idUSKBN1HH30P |work=Reuters |date=10 April 2018}} He also defended France's arms sales to the Saudi-led coalition.{{cite news |title=French government faces legal pressure over arms sales to Saudi, UAE |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-france/french-government-faces-legal-pressure-over-arms-sales-to-saudi-uae-idUKKBN1I70LM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506192111/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-france/french-government-faces-legal-pressure-over-arms-sales-to-saudi-uae-idUKKBN1I70LM |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2018 |work=Reuters |date=6 May 2018}} Some rights groups have argued that France is violating national and international law by selling weapons to members of the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen.{{cite news |title=Will Macron Have Courage to End Arms Sales to Saudis? |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/14/will-macron-have-courage-end-arms-sales-saudis |newspaper=Le Monde|date=14 September 2017}}{{cite news |title=Pressure mounts on Macron over arms sales to Saudi Arabia, UAE |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-france/pressure-mounts-on-macron-over-arms-sales-to-saudi-arabia-uae-idUSKBN1GY24I |work=Reuters |date=22 March 2018}}

In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody, Macron praised Liu as "a freedom fighter". Macron also described as "extremely fruitful and positive" his first contacts with President Xi Jinping.{{cite news |title=World reacts with praise, sadness to Liu Xiaobo's death |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/913853/world-reacts-with-praise-sadness-to-liu-xiaobos-death |work=Inquirer News |date=14 July 2017}}

Macron expressed concerns over Turkey's "rash and dangerous" statements regarding the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war between the armed forces of Azerbaijan and Armenia, further stating that he was "extremely concerned by the warlike messages".{{cite news |title=Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: Azerbaijan president vows to fight on |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334 |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2020}} He also said: "A red line has been crossed, which is unacceptable. I urge all NATO partners to face up to the behaviour of a NATO member."{{cite news |title=Macron reprimands Turkey, accuses Erdogan of sending 'jihadists' to Azerbaijan |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201002-macron-reprimands-turkey-accusing-erdogan-of-sending-jihadists-to-azerbaijan |publisher=France 24 |date=2 October 2020}}

File:Press conference EU-Mercosul on June 26, 2019 (VII).jpg announced they had reached an EU–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement]]

File:Emmanuel Macron and Ursula von der Leyen (3 June 2022).jpg in Paris, 3 June 2022]]

An article in the New York Times described Emmanuel Macron as "ardently pro-Europe" and stated that he "has proudly embraced an unpopular European Union."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/world/europe/france-election-emmanuel-macron.html|title=Macron Wants to Change France. But Will Voters Elect an Unknown?|last=Rubin|first=Alissa J.|date=19 April 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 April 2017|issn=0362-4331}}

Macron has been described by some as Europhile{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.fr/section/politique/news/emmanuel-macron-se-pose-en-europhile-assume/ |title=Emmanuel Macron se pose en europhile assumé |publisher=Euractiv.fr |language = fr |date=13 July 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}} and federalist{{cite news|url=http://www.la-croix.com/France/Politique/Francois-Bayrou-reaffirme-preeminence-centre-2016-09-22-1200790835 |title=François Bayrou réaffirme sa prééminence au centre |work=La Croix |language = fr |date= 22 September 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/International/UE/Emmanuel-Macron-veut-une-Europe-a-deux-vitesses-735132 |title=Macron veut une Europe à deux vitesses |language=fr|work=Le Journal du Dimanche |date=31 May 2015 |access-date=1 February 2017}} but he describes himself as "neither pro-European, eurosceptic nor a federalist in the classical sense",{{cite web|url=http://www.lesechos.fr/19/04/2016/LesEchos/22174-041-ECH_macron-l-europeen-prone-la---transgression--.htm |title=Macron l'EuropĂŠen prĂ'ne la ÂŤ transgression Âť |work=Les Échos|location=France |language= fr |date=19 April 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}} and his party as "the only pro-European political force in France".{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/01/10/emmanuel-macron-a-berlin-pour-se-donner-une-stature-europeenne_5060405_4854003.html |title=A Berlin, Macron veut " restaurer la confiance avec les Allemands en faisant des réformes sérieuses " |work=Le Monde| language = fr |date= 10 January 2017 |access-date=1 February 2017}}

In June 2015, Macron and his German counterpart Sigmar Gabriel published a platform advocating a continuation of European integration. They advocated the continuation "of structural reforms (such as labor markets), institutional reforms (including the area of economic governance)."

He also advocated the creation of a post of EU Commissioner that would be responsible for the Eurozone and the Eurozone's Parliament and common budget.

In addition, Macron stated: "I'm in favour of strengthening anti-dumping measures which have to be faster and more powerful like those in the United States. We also need to establish a monitoring of foreign investments in strategic sectors at the EU level in order to protect a vital industry and to ensure our sovereignty and the European superiority."

Macron also stated that, if elected, he would seek to renegotiate the Treaty of Le Touquet with the United Kingdom which has caused a build-up of economic migrants in Calais. When Macron served as economy minister he had suggested the Treaty could be scrapped if the UK left the European Union.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/28/emmanuel-macron-ill-renegotiate-le-touquet-border-treaty|title=Emmanuel Macron: I'll renegotiate Le Touquet border treaty|first=Anushka|last=Asthana|date=28 April 2017|access-date=7 May 2017|work=The Guardian}}

On 1 May 2017, Macron said the EU needed to reform or face Frexit.{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/macron-to-eu-reform-or-face-frexit/|title=Macron to EU: Reform or face Frexit|first=Kait|last=Bolongaro|date=1 May 2017|work=Politico|access-date=21 October 2017}} On 26 September, he unveiled his proposals for the EU, intending to deepen the bloc politically and harmonize its rules. He argued for institutional changes, initiatives to promote EU, along with new ventures in the technology, defence and energy sectors. His proposals also included setting up a rapid reaction force working along with national armies while establishing a finance minister, budget and parliament for the Eurozone. He also called for a new tax on technology giants, an EU-wide asylum agency to deal with the refugee crisis, and changes to the Common Agricultural Policy.{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/macron-security-tax-reforms-post-brexit-eu-170926155416235.html|title=Emmanuel Macron wants reforms for post-Brexit EU|publisher=Al Jazeera}}

On 16 June 2017, after meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in Madrid, Macron stated, about 2017 Catalan independence referendum that "my partner and friend is all of Spain and my interlocutor is Mariano Rajoy".[https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/06/16/5943dc7cca4741cc628b4659.html Macron, sobre Cataluña tras reunirse con Rajoy: "Mi socio es España entera y mi interlocutor es Rajoy"] {{in lang|es}} Following the referendum on 1 October and the favorable outcome for independence, Macron called Rajoy to convey his commitment to the "constitutional unity of Spain".[https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/2017-10-02/referendum-cataluna-macron-rajoy-unidad_1453852/ Macron le dice a Rajoy que está comprometido con "la unidad de España"] {{in lang|es}} On 10 October, the same day that Catalan President Carles Puigdemont suspended the declaration of independence, Macron flatly rejected a possible European mediation of the constitutional crisis and called for a peaceful resolution.[https://elpais.com/politica/2017/10/10/actualidad/1507632196_058727.html Macron rechaza la mediación ante el “golpe de fuerza” catalán y confía en una salida pacífica] {{in lang|es}} Following the declaration of independence by Catalonia on 27 October, Macron joined the EU in supporting Spanish prime minister Mariano Rajoy.{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-spain-politics-catalonia-france/frances-macron-expresses-full-support-to-spanish-pm-over-catalonia-crisis-idUKKBN1CW2FJ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027220501/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-spain-politics-catalonia-france/frances-macron-expresses-full-support-to-spanish-pm-over-catalonia-crisis-idUKKBN1CW2FJ|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2017|title=France's Macron expresses full support to Spanish PM over Catalonia crisis|work=Reuters U.K.|access-date=27 October 2017|language=en-GB}}

In a conversation with BBC's Andrew Marr, Macron stated that theoretically if France should choose to withdraw from the EU, it would do so through a national popular vote.{{Cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/emmanuel-macron-french-would-probably-vote-to-leave-eu-11216872|title=Emmanuel Macron: French would 'probably' vote to leave EU|publisher=Sky News|access-date=11 February 2018|language=en-GB}} In November 2019, Macron blocked EU accession talks with Albania and North Macedonia, proposing changes to the EU Enlargement policy. In an interview with The Economist, Macron said that the EU was too reliant on NATO and the US, and that it should initiate "strategic dialogue" with Russia.{{cite web|url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/france-wants-to-change-the-rules-on-enlargement/|title=France wants to change the rules on enlargement|access-date=19 November 2019|website=New Europe|date=19 November 2019}}

After the European elections in 2019, it was Macron in particular who prevented the leading candidate of the European People's Party, Manfred Weber, from becoming president of the European Commission. Previously it had been a tradition that the top candidate of the largest party always took over this post. Critics accused Macron of having by his actions ignored the democratic decision of the voters for political reasons, sacrificing democratic principles for his own interests.{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/manfred-weber-disappointed-blames-emmanuel-macron-and-viktor-orban/|title='Very disappointed' Manfred Weber blames Macron and Orbán|first=Judith|last=Mischke|date=4 July 2019|website=Politico}}

In July 2015, as economy minister, Macron stated in an interview that any bailout package for Greece must also ease its burden by including reductions in the country's overall debt.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-france-debt-idUSKCN0PL0DI20150711|title=Greece needs debt relief, France's Macron tells German newspaper|date=11 July 2017 | work=Reuters|access-date=24 April 2017}} In July 2015, while challenging the "loaded question" of the 2015 Greek referendum, Macron called for resisting the "automatic ejection" of Greece from the Eurozone and avoiding "the Versailles Treaty of the Eurozone", in which case the "No" side would win. He believed that the Greek and European leaders co-produced the Greek government-debt crisis,{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2015/07/05/grece-macron-met-en-garde-contre-un-traite-de-versailles-de-la-zone-euro_4671294_3214.html |title=Grèce: Macron met en garde contre un " traité de Versailles de la zone euro " |work=Le Monde|date=15 November 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}} and that the agreement reached in summer 2015 between Greece and its creditors, notably driven by François Hollande, would not help Greece deal with its debt, and at the same time criticized the International Monetary Fund.{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2015/07/15/25002-20150715ARTFIG00195-grece-emmanuel-macron-pessimiste-sur-l-accord.php |title=Grèce: Emmanuel Macron pessimiste sur l'accord |work=Le Figaro|date=15 July 2015 |access-date=1 February 2017}}

In June 2016, he criticized the austerity policies imposed on Greece as

unsustainable, and called for the joint establishment of "fiscal and financial solidarity mechanisms" and a mechanism for restructuring the debt of Eurozone member states. Yanis Varoufakis, minister of finance in the First Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras, praised Macron, calling him "the only French Minister in the François Hollande's administration that seemed to understand what was at stake in the Eurozone" and who, according to him, "tried to play the intermediary between us [Greece] and the troika of our creditors, the EC, IMF, ECB even if they don't allow him to play the role".{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/2016/04/19/25001-20160419ARTFIG00062-varoufakis-encense-macron.php |title=Varoufakis encense Macron |work=Le Figaro|date=19 April 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}}

File:Vladimir Putin and Emmanuel Macron (2018-05-24) 07.jpg at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum on 24 May 2018]]

File:Petro Poroshenko and Emmanuel Macron at the Élysée Palace on April 12, 2019 (2).jpg in Paris, 12 April 2019]]

File:President Biden and Emmanuel Macron at the Oval Office during their meeting - 2022.jpg in Washington, D.C., 1 December 2022]]

President Macron has supported NATO and its role in the security of eastern European states and also pressure on NATO partners like Poland to uphold what he called "European values". He said in April 2017 that "in the three months after I'm elected, there will be a decision on Poland. You cannot have a European Union which argues over every single decimal place on the issue of budgets with each country, and which, when you have an EU member which acts like Poland or Hungary on issues linked to universities and learning, or refugees, or fundamental values, decides to do nothing.""[http://www.thenews.pl/1/2/Artykul/304630,Govt-spokesman-we-will-not-agree-to-Macron-using-Poland-during-campaign Gov't spokesman: we will not agree to Macron using Poland during campaign]". Radio Poland. 28 April 2017. Polish Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski said in response that Macron "violated European standards and the principles of friendship with Poland"."[http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/304684,Macrons-statement-unacceptable-says-Polish-FM Macron's statement 'unacceptable', says Polish FM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501203044/http://thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/304684,Macrons-statement-unacceptable-says-Polish-FM |date=1 May 2017 }}". Radio Poland. 28 April 2017.

During a press conference with Vladimir Putin at the Palace of Versailles in May 2017, he condemned the Russian state media as "lying propaganda"."[http://www.france24.com/en/20170530-macron-rt-sputnik-lying-propaganda-putin-versailles-russia-france-election Video: Macron slams RT, Sputnik news as 'lying propaganda' at Putin press conference]". France 24. 30 May 2017. The same month, he said: "we all know who Le Pen's allies are. The regimes of Orbán, Kaczyński, Putin. These aren't the regimes with an open and free democracy. Every day they break many democratic freedoms."[http://www.euronews.com/2017/05/02/macron-causes-polish-outrage-after-claiming-a-kaczynski-and-le-pen-alliance Macron causes Polish outrage after claiming a Kaczynski and Le Pen alliance]. Euronews. 2 May 2017.

Macron has said that the European Commission needs to do more to stop the influx of low-paid temporary workers from Central and Eastern Europe into France."[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-eu-macron-idUSKBN18L1ZI?il=0 France's Macron urges EU to curb cheap east European workers]". Reuters. 25 May 2017.

Macron supported the open-door policy toward migrants from the Middle East and Africa pursued by Angela Merkel in Germany during the 2017 election campaign and promoted tolerance towards immigrants and Muslims.{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/candidats-et-programmes/accueil-des-refugies-un-devoir-pour-macron-10-01-2017-6550497.php |title=Accueil des réfugiés: "Un devoir" pour Macron |work=Le Parisien|date=10 January 2017 |access-date=1 February 2017 |language=fr}} Macron expressed confidence in France's ability to absorb more immigrants and welcomed their arrival into Europe, asserting that the influx will have a positive economic impact.{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2015/09/07/25002-20150907ARTFIG00063-macron-l-arrivee-de-refugies-est-une-opportunite-economique.php |title=Macron: "L'arrivée de réfugiés est une opportunité économique" |work=Le Figaro|date=7 September 2015 |access-date=1 February 2017}} However, he later stated that France could "not hold everyone" and cited migration as a major concern of voters. New migration measures were introduced which toughened controls on asylum and fixed quotas for foreign workers.{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/macron-tightens-migration-stance-host-190925090635812.html |title=Macron tightens migration stance: 'We can't host everyone' |publisher= Al Jazeera|access-date= 10 June 2020}}{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ae546d22-ffe6-11e9-be59-e49b2a136b8d |title=France to 'take back control' of immigration policy |work=Financial Times |date=6 November 2019 |access-date= 10 June 2020|last1=Mallet |first1=Victor}}

However, he believes that Frontex (the European Border and Coast Guard Agency) is "not a sufficiently ambitious program" and has called for more investment in coast and border guards, "because anyone who enters [Europe] at Lampedusa or elsewhere is a concern for all European countries".

In June 2018 the Aquarius (NGO ship) carrying 629 migrants rescued near Libya was denied entry to Sicilian ports by Italy's new interior minister Matteo Salvini."[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44432056 Italy's Matteo Salvini shuts ports to migrant rescue ship]". BBC News. 11 June 2018. Italian PM Giuseppe Conte accused France of hypocrisy after Macron said Italy was acting "irresponsibly" by refusing entry to migrants and suggested it had violated international maritime law.{{cite news |title=Italian foreign ministry summons French ambassador as tensions mount over port closures to refugee rescue boats |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-port-closures-refugees-mediterranean-matteo-salvini-aquarius-emmanuel-macron-a8396916.html |work=The Independent |date=13 June 2018}} Italy's deputy PM Luigi Di Maio said: "I am happy the French have discovered responsibility . . . they should open their ports and we will send a few people to France."{{cite news |title=Macron hits out at Italy after migrant boat is turned away |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9a5eb476-6e51-11e8-92d3-6c13e5c92914 |work=Financial Times |date=12 June 2018}}

In advance of the 2024 French legislative election, Macron denounced the New Popular Front for its "totally immigrationist" program which he alleged would "abolish all laws controlling immigration" in the event of victory.{{cite news |title=Macron cible la gauche et brouille les pistes |url=https://www.challenges.fr/politique/macron-cible-la-gauche-et-brouille-les-pistes_896842 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Challenges |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=19 June 2024}}

Macron believed that the proposed reform bill on deprivation of citizenship for French-born and naturalized citizens convicted on terrorism charges was not a "concrete solution" and believed that "the endless prolongation of the state of emergency raises legitimate questions". He advocated an increase in state funding of intelligence agencies.{{cite book| first=Emmanuel |last=Macron| title= Révolution |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutioncestno0000macr | url-access=registration | publisher =XO | date= 2016 | page = [https://archive.org/details/revolutioncestno0000macr/page/270 270] | isbn = 978-2-84563-966-9 }}

Macron called for a restoration of community policing and considered that "the management of some major risks must be delegated to the associations or the private sector".{{cite web|author=Sophie Brunn, France Télévisions |url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/proportionnelle-cumul-des-mandats-les-pistes-d-emmanuel-macron-pour-ameliorer-l-hygiene-democratique-en-france_1855707.html |title=Proportionnelle, cumul des mandats... Les pistes d'Emmanuel Macron pour améliorer "l'hygiène démocratique" en France |publisher=France Info|date=4 October 2016 |access-date=5 February 2017}}

He considered that his proposal to provide each young adult a "Culture Pass" of €500 might encourage young people to discover the culture of France and deter terrorism.{{cite web|author=Alerteinfo |url=http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/2004299-20170127-emmanuel-macron-veut-creer-pass-culture-500-euros-jeunes |title=Emmanuel Macron veut créer un "pass culture" de 500 euros pour les jeunes |work=20 Minutes |date=27 January 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017}}

Macron has endorsed proposals to make it mandatory for Internet companies to allow the government to access encrypted communications from customers.[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39555125 French election: Macron vows to tackle terrorism by taking on tech companies] – BBC, 10 April 2017

Macron expressed deep regret at US President Trump's decision to withdraw U.S. armed forces from Syria.{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/french-president-emmanuel-macron-says-deeply-regrets-us-president-donald-trump-decision-on-troops-in-syria/335735|title=French President Emmanuel Macron says deeply regrets US President Donald Trump decision on troops in Syria|website=timesnownews.com|date=23 December 2018 }}

In October 2019, Macron warned that Turkey would be responsible for helping the Islamic State to re-establish a Caliphate in Syria as he called on Turkey to stop its military offensive against Kurdish forces in the north of Syria.{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/10/macron-turkey-s-military-campaign-in-syria-helping-isis-build-caliphate|title=Macron: Turkey's offensive in Syria helping ISIS build caliphate|first=Cristina Abellan|last=Matamoros|date=10 October 2019|website=euronews}}

File:Secretary Kerry Speaks With Former Vice President Al Gore, Ambassador Jane Hartley, French Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron, and Actor-Director Robert Redford in Paris Amid the COP21 Climate Summit (23496873382).jpg, former U.S. Vice President Al Gore, Ambassador Jane Hartley and actor Robert Redford at the U.S. Ambassador's residence in Paris, 7 December 2015 amid the COP21 Climate Summit]]

Ahead of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Macron called for acceleration of the ecological transition and advocated a "balance between ecological imperatives and economic requirements", an objective that the French government sought to achieve by fighting on "five fronts": "innovation", "simplification", "strengthening of our energy efficiency and [...] reduction of fossil fuel usage", "energy competitiveness" and "action in Europe and worldwide".Emmanuel Macron, "Construire une "alliance de Paris pour le climat"", Annales des Mines – Responsabilité et Environnement, vol. 2, no 78, 2015, p. 3

During the summer of 2016 in the aftermath of the Volkswagen emissions scandal, Macron, then Minister of the Economy, defended the use of diesel fuel, which he said was "at the heart of the French industrial policy". His position was criticized by several Socialists, including Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo.{{cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/automobile/strategie/macron-et-son-vibrant-plaidoyer-en-faveur-du-diesel-05-08-2016-2059172_659.php |title=Macron et son vibrant plaidoyer en faveur du diesel | Automobile |work=Le Point |date=6 July 2016 |access-date=5 February 2017}} Macron also promoted using nuclear energy, which he considered "a French choice and a choice for the future".{{cite magazine |url=http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/le-nucleaire-est-un-choix-francais-et-un-choix-d-avenir-assure-emmanuel-macron.N399982 |title="Le nucléaire est un choix français et un choix d'avenir", assure Emmanuel Macron |date=28 June 2016 |magazine=L'Usine Nouvelle |access-date=5 February 2017}} Nevertheless, in 2018, he committed to a policy of reducing the use of nuclear energy to 50% of the energy sources in France by 2035.{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20181127-france-nucleaire-energies-renouvelables-annonces-macron-transition-ecologique|title=Nucléaire, éolien... les grandes annonces de Macron sur la transition écologique – France 24|date=27 November 2018|publisher=France 24|access-date=4 December 2018|language=fr-FR}}

In 2016, Macron proposed that France "secures its supplies in the most strategic materials using three levers: the circular economy and the recovery of materials contained in the end of life of the products [...]; the diversification of supplies to overcome geopolitical risks [...] and to bring more competitiveness; the creation of new reasonably-sized mines in France, while following the best social and environmental standards".Emmanuel Macron, " Avant-propos ", Annales des Mines – Responsabilité et Environnement, vol. 2, no 82, 2016, p. 3

Although he was sceptical about the construction of the Aéroport du Grand Ouest, Macron stated he believed the construction should start, since the people backed the project in the 2016 local referendum. However, after Macron's inauguration, Prime Minister Philippe said that plans for construction would be abandoned.{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/live/2017/02/01/fillon-macron-hamon-suivez-l-actualite-politique-en-direct_5072506_4854003.html |title=Affaire Fillon en direct: " Je ne serai jamais un plan B ", répète Juppé |work=Le Monde|access-date=5 February 2017}} He criticized Donald Trump for pulling the United States out of the Paris climate accord on 2 June 2017, and called for scientists to come to France to work together on climate change.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/03/make-our-planet-great-again-macron-praised-for-response-to-trump|title='Make our planet great again': Macron's response to Trump is praised|last=Henley|first=Jon|date=3 June 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=4 June 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} On 19 September 2017, he launched a summit on the margins of the 72nd United Nations General Assembly to call for the adoption of a Global Pact for the Environment.{{Cite web|last=étrangères|first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires|title=Speech by M. Emmanuel Macron, President of the Republic: Summit on the Global Pact for the Environment (19.09.17)|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/united-nations/news-and-events/united-nations-general-assembly/unga-s-72nd-session/article/speech-by-m-emmanuel-macron-president-of-the-republic-summit-on-the-global-pact|access-date=25 September 2020|website=France Diplomacy – Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Where are we now?|url=https://globalpactenvironment.org/en/the-pact/where-are-we-now/|access-date=25 September 2020|website=Pacte Mondial pour l'Environnement|language=en-US}}

In 2018, Macron announced that France would commit €700 million to the International Solar Alliance, a treaty-based alliance to expand solar power infrastructure.Sudarshan Varadhan, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-solar-alliance/france-to-commit-700-million-euros-to-international-solar-alliance-idUSKCN1GN0JU France to commit 700 million euros to International Solar Alliance], Reuters (11 March 2018). The same year, Macron announced that France would phase out coal power, with the target of shutting down all coal-fired power stations (which make up about 1% of French energy generation) by 2021.Jeremy B White, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-coal-power-station-emmanuel-macron-davos-shut-2021-a8176796.html France to shut all coal-fired power stations by 2021, Macron declares], Independent (24 January 2018)

File:28 06 2019 Reunião Paralela dos Líderes do G20, sobre Economia Digital (48142864762).jpg and Saudi crown prince Mohammad bin Salman at the 2019 G20 Osaka summit]]

In 2018, he pursued a petrol tax, albeit the tax stems from an earlier policy under his predecessor, François Hollande.{{cite news |title=French fuel protests leave 1 dead, dozens injured |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/17/europe/macron-france-fuel-protests-intl/ |access-date=20 November 2018 |work=CNN}} A burgeoning grassroots movement, the Gilets jaunes protests developed throughout France in November and December, extending even to the overseas territory of Réunion. On 4 December, Prime minister Édouard Philippe announced that the tax increase would be pushed back six months.{{cite news |title=Macron Blinks in Fuel-Tax Dispute With Yellow Vests |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-to-delay-fuel-tax-increase-after-violent-protests-1543925246/ |access-date= 4 December 2018 |work= The Wall Street Journal}} The following day however, Macron scrapped the fuel tax increase altogether.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/05/france-wealth-tax-changes-gilets-jaunes-protests-president-macron|title=Macron scraps fuel tax rise in face of gilets jaunes protests|first=Kim|last=Willsher|date=5 December 2018|work=The Guardian}}

On 13 January 2019, he penned a 2,300-word letter{{cite news |title=With 2,300-word letter, Macron launches debate to quell 'yellow vest' unrest |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-macron/with-2300-word-letter-macron-launches-debate-to-quell-yellow-vest-unrest-idUKKCN1P70SO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113214451/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-macron/with-2300-word-letter-macron-launches-debate-to-quell-yellow-vest-unrest-idUKKCN1P70SO |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2019 |work=Reuters |date=13 January 2019}} addressing the nation in response to nine consecutive weeks of protests by the Gilets jaunes movement, calling for three months of national debate to address grievances.{{cite news |title=France's Macron launches national debate to soothe ongoing 'yellow vest' protests |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/14/france-macron-launches-national-debate-amid-yellow-vest-protests.html |publisher=CNBC |date=14 January 2019}}

Macron called the 2019 Brazil wildfires an "international crisis" as the Amazon rainforest produces "20% of the world's oxygen".{{Cite news| issn = 0261-3077| last = Thunberg| first = Greta| title = 'Our house is on fire': Greta Thunberg, 16, urges leaders to act on climate| work = The Guardian| date = 25 January 2019|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate}} Macron stated he will refuse to ratify the EU–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement unless Brazil commits to protecting the environment.{{cite news |title=Ireland, France set to block EU-Mercosur trade deal over Amazon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/ireland-block-eu-mercosur-trade-deal-amazon-fires-190823095908509.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=23 August 2019}}

Macron publicly supports ecocide being made a crime at the International Criminal Court.{{Cite news |title=Incorporating ecocide into French law |language=en |work=The Ecologist |url=https://theecologist.org/2020/jul/15/incorporating-ecocide-french-law |access-date=2023-06-28}}{{Cite news |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |last2=correspondent |first2=Haroon Siddique Legal affairs |date=2021-06-22 |title=Legal experts worldwide draw up 'historic' definition of ecocide |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/22/legal-experts-worldwide-draw-up-historic-definition-of-ecocide |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0261-3077}} In 2021 the French government passed the Climate and Resilience Law, making "the most serious cases of environmental damage at national level" a crime.{{Cite web |title=Environmental Labels, Greenwashing, and Ecocide |url=https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2021/11/environmental-labels-greenwashing-and-ecocide-tackled-by-frances-new-climate-law |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.jonesday.com |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=2021-04-17 |title=France drafts 'ecocide' bill to punish acts of environmental damage |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210417-france-drafts-ecocide-bill-to-punish-acts-of-environmental-damage |access-date=2023-06-28 |work=France 24 |language=en}}

Macron supports the principle of secularism (laïcité). He also said that "we have a duty to let everybody practice their religion with dignity".{{cite news|title=Macron outlines vision of French Islam, drops more ambition hints|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-idUSKCN12I2N1 |access-date = 25 April 2017 | date = 18 October 2016 | work = Reuters | first = Michel | last = Rose }} In July 2016, at the first meeting of En Marche, Macron expressed opposition to banning Muslim headscarves in universities, stating, "Personally, I do not believe we should be inventing new texts, new laws, new standards, in order to hunt down veils at universities and go after people who wear religious symbols during field trips."{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/07/12/97001-20160712FILWWW00348-voile-a-l-universite-macron-prend-le-contre-pied-de-valls.php |title=Voile à l'université: Macron prend le contre-pied de Valls |work =Le Figaro|date=12 July 2016| language = fr |access-date=1 February 2017}}

In an interview with the French news magazine Marianne, Macron asserted that "secularism is not designed to promote a republican religion", and responded to comments by Valls and Jean-Pierre Chevènement regarding the practice of Islam in French society by condemning the notion that citizens should be "discreet" in their religious practice, stating that "historical precedents when we asked for discretion in matters of religion did not bring honor to the Republic."{{cite web |url=http://www.marianne.net/emmanuel-macron-republique-est-ce-lieu-magique-qui-permet-gens-vivre-intensite-leur-religion |title=Emmanuel Macron: "La République est ce lieu magique qui permet à des gens de vivre dans l'intensité de leur religion" |language=fr |publisher=Marianne.net |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=29 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129035638/http://www.marianne.net/emmanuel-macron-republique-est-ce-lieu-magique-qui-permet-gens-vivre-intensite-leur-religion }}

In the same interview, Macron said of French Muslims, "I ask one thing: absolutely respect the rules while in public. Religious relationships are about transcendence, and I am not asking people to be moderate – that's not what I'm arguing. My own deep conviction is that a practising Catholic may believe that the laws of his religion go far beyond the laws of the Republic. I simply believe that when one enters the public realm, the laws of the Republic must prevail over religious law." He also condemned "religious schools that teach hatred towards the Republic, with instruction mainly in Arabic or, in other instances, which teach the Torah more than basic fundamentals." This statement triggered an intense negative reaction from the Fonds Social Juif Unifié (FSJU), an organization that runs Jewish religious schools in France.{{cite news|url=http://www.la-croix.com/Urbi-et-Orbi/France/Les-ecoles-juives-condamnent-les-propos-d-Emmanuel-Macron-dans-Marianne-2016-10-07-1200794686 |title=Les écoles juives condamnent les propos d'Emmanuel Macron dans Marianne |work=La Croix |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=1 February 2017}}

On 2 October 2020, he unveiled a plan to defend France's secular values against what he termed as "Islamist radicalism", saying the religion was "in crisis" all over the world, prompting a backlash from Muslim activists. He announced that the government would present a bill in December to strengthen a 1905 law that officially separated church and state in France.{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/2/macron-announces-new-plan-to-regulate-islam-in-france|title=Macron says Islam 'in crisis', prompting backlash from Muslims|work=Al Jazeera|date=2 October 2020|access-date=10 February 2021}} Macron faced further backlash when after the murder of Samuel Paty, he defended the caricatures of Muhammad by Charlie Hebdo. Many Muslims called for French products to be boycotted in their countries, while European leaders supported his remarks.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/26/europe/france-boycott-muslim-countries-macron-intl/index.html|title=Calls to boycott French products grow in Muslim world after Macron backs Mohammed cartoons|work=CNN|first1=Mostafa|last1=Salem|first2=Pierre|last2=Bairin|first3=Chris|last3=Liakos|first4=Nadine|last4=Schmidt|first5=Sarah|last5=Dean|date=27 October 2020|access-date=10 February 2021}}

On 17 October 2023, after the Arras school stabbing and the Brussels shooting, carried out by Islamists in France and Belgium respectively, Macron stated that "Europe is seeing a rise of 'Islamist terrorism' and all states are threatened".{{Cite news |date=2023-10-17 |title=Macron says 'Islamist terrorism' rising in Europe, all states at risk |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macron-says-islamist-terrorism-rising-europe-all-states-risk-2023-10-17/#:~:text=%22We%20saw%20it%20again%20yesterday,Belgian%20friends%2C%22%20Macron%20said. |access-date=2024-05-09 |work=Reuters}}

In 2016 Macron supported stopping what he calls the "compartmentalisation of healthcare" by allowing private practitioners into public hospitals. Macron also supported investing money in medical science to develop new technology and find better ways to treat patients.{{Cite news|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-balance-sur-notre-systeme-de-sante-defaillant-01-10-2016-6167413.php|title=Macron balance sur notre système de santé " défaillant "|date=1 October 2016|work=Le Parisien|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr}}

In 2017 Macron advocated for national health insurance covering optical, hearing and dental care.{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.fr/story/133889/phenomene-macron-atouts-candidat-aucune-chance|title=On le voit dans les meetings, il est en train de se passer quelque chose autour de la candidature Macron|work=Slate|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR}} According to Les Echos, extending national health insurance coverage to optics, hearing and dental care would cost €4.4 billion a year.{{cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/11/01/2017/LesEchos/22359-015-ECH_lunettes--dentaire---la-mesure-macron-couterait-4-4-milliards.htm|title=Lunettes, dentaire: la mesure Macron coûterait 4,4 milliards|date=11 January 2017|website=Les Échos|location=France|access-date=22 July 2017}}

In an interview published on 16 February 2017, Macron indicated that he was disappointed by the "humiliation" experienced by opponents of legalisation of same-sex marriage at the hands of La Manif pour tous during the push for passage of Law 2013-404.{{cite news |title=Pour Emmanuel Macron, les anti-mariage pour tous ont été "humiliés" par le gouvernement |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/pour-emmanuel-macron-les-anti-mariage-pour-tous-ont-ete-humilies-par-le-gouvernement_2063231.html |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=franceinfo |date=16 February 2017}} In a subsequent interview with Têtu in its edition of 28 February 2017, he said the law was both "desirable and necessary" but that the debate "fractured French society," and also denied allegations of a relationship with Mathieu Gallet, saying "if I'd been homosexual, I'd say so and I'd live it." In the same interview, he refused to announce his support for surrogacy but reiterated that he did support assisted reproductive technology for lesbian couples,{{cite news |title=Emmanuel Macron : "Si j'avais été homosexuel, je le dirais et je le vivrais" |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Emmanuel-Macron-Si-j-avais-ete-homosexuel-je-le-dirais-et-je-le-vivrais-850604 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Le Journal du Dimanche |date=26 February 2017}} which in an interview with Elle published on 8 May 2024 he announced plans to reduce waiting times for, while still maintaining his opposition to surrogacy, arguing that "it is not compatible with the dignity of women, it's a form of commodification of their bodies."{{cite news |title=Réarmement démographique : Emmanuel Macron veut faciliter la PMA |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/rearmement-demographique-emmanuel-macron-veut-faciliter-la-pma-20240508 |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=Le Figaro |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=8 May 2024}}

In 2022 Macron announced his support for proposals to make it easier for transgender people to change their legal gender, saying that "the people who embark on a transition process must be respected in their choices and their lives must not be made more complex by administrative procedures if useless."{{cite news |last1=Jannic-Cherbonnel |first1=Fabien |title=Elections législatives 2024 : cinq questions sur le changement de sexe à l'état civil proposé par la gauche et moqué par Emmanuel Macron |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/legislatives/elections-legislatives-2024-cinq-questions-sur-le-changement-de-sexe-a-l-etat-civil-propose-par-la-gauche-et-moque-par-emmanuel-macron_6613308.html |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=franceinfo |date=19 June 2024}} In 2024 Macron denounced the New Popular Front's proposals to make changing one's civil status easier by saying their program would include "completely absurd things like changing your gender at the town hall," comments for which he immediately faced criticism from LGBT+ rights organisations.

Macron supported giving more autonomy to schools and universities.{{Cite news|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/election-presidentielle-2017/20161116.OBS1304/emmanuel-macron-sur-l-education-un-air-de-deja-vu.html|title=Emmanuel Macron sur l'éducation: un air de déjà-vu|work=L'Obs|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2016/09/01/emmanuel-macron-prone-plus-de-liberte-pour-l-universite_4991234_4401467.html|title=Emmanuel Macron prône plus de liberté pour l'université|last=Stromboni|first=Camille|date=1 September 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} Macron wanted to create a programme to make schools pay experienced teachers higher salaries and give them more educational freedom.

Macron wanted to combat the issue of income inequality in schools by attempting to improve working-class schools and providing incentives to better-off children to persuade them to attend working-class schools.

Macron wanted to make vocational education a priority. He has referred to Germany's system as one that his government would follow when putting forward measures relating to vocational education.{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenges.fr/politique/education-formation-retraites-securite-les-mesures-chocs-que-macron-va-annoncer_442355|title=Les mesures chocs que Macron va annoncer, par Thierry Fabre|work=Challenges|access-date=22 July 2017|language=fr}}

On 2 October 2020, Macron announced his intention to ban homeschooling with medical exceptions by 2021, in order to address separatist Islamic indoctrination, which he saw as conflicting with the secular values of the French Republic.{{Cite news|url=https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/10/02/la-republique-en-actes-discours-du-president-de-la-republique-sur-le-theme-de-la-lutte-contre-les-separatismes|title=La République en actes: discours du Président de la République sur le thème de la lutte contre les séparatismes|access-date=11 October 2020|language=fr}}

File:President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump's Trip to the United Kingdom (48007684456).jpg, Donald Trump, Theresa May, Angela Merkel, and other world leaders mark the 75th anniversary of D-Day in June 2019]]

In July 2017, while at a ceremony at the site of the Vélodrome d'Hiver where 13,000 Jews had been rounded up for deportation to death camps in July 1942, Macron denounced his country's role in the Holocaust and the historical revisionism that denied France's responsibility for the 1942 Vel' d'Hiv Roundup and the eventual deportation of 76,000 Jews. Earlier that year, Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Front, had stated in speeches that the government during WWII "was not France".{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/17/world/chirac-affirms-france-s-guilt-in-fate-of-jews.html|title=Chirac Affirms France's Guilt in Fate of Jews|first=Marlise|last=Simons|date=17 July 1995|work=The New York Times}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/04/10/marine-le-pen-doesnt-deny-that-french-jews-were-handed-over-to-nazis-but-she-claims-france-is-not-to-blame/|title=Marine Le Pen: France 'not responsible' for deporting Jews during Holocaust|first=James|last=McAuley|date=10 April 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post}}

"It was indeed France that organised this [roundup]", Macron said, French police collaborating with the Nazis. "Not a single German took part," he added. Previous president Jacques Chirac had already stated that the government during the war represented the French state.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRshMk5sBxUC&q=plaque++velodrome+d%27hiver+boulevard+de+Grenelle&pg=PA52|title=Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vél' D'Hiv' in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin|first=Peter|last=Carrier|date=23 July 2018|publisher=Berghahn Books|access-date=23 July 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-84545-295-7}} Macron further stated: "It is convenient to see the Vichy regime as born of nothingness, returned to nothingness. Yes, it's convenient, but it is false. We cannot build pride upon a lie."{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/17/france-macron-denounces-state-role-holocaust-atrocity-paris-1942|title='France organised this': Macron denounces state role in Holocaust atrocity|date=17 July 2017|work=The Guardian|location=London}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/17/world/europe/macron-israel-holocaust-antisemitism.html|title=Macron Denounces Anti-Zionism as 'Reinvented Form of Anti-Semitism'|first=Russell|last=Goldman|date=17 July 2017|work=The New York Times}}

Macron made a subtle reference to Chirac's 1995 apology when he added, "I say it again here. It was indeed France that organized the roundup, the deportation, and thus, for almost all, death."{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/macron-hosts-netanyahu-condemns-anti-zionism-as-anti-semitism/2017/07/16/dfba544a-ca1f-40f9-82e6-98575393798c_story.html|title=Macron hosts Netanyahu, condemns anti-Zionism as anti-Semitism|first=James|last=McAuley|date=16 July 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40622845|title=Israel PM mourns France's deported Jews|date=16 July 2017|publisher=BBC}}

In a 2017 speech condemning the historical collaboration of France with the Nazis, Macron also termed anti-Zionism as a new form of antisemitism. While addressing Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, Macron stated that "we will never surrender to the messages of hate; we will not surrender to anti-Zionism because it is a reinvention of anti-Semitism."{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/emmanuel-macron-anti-zionism-anti-semitism-israel-jewish-state-france-president-racism-attacks-a7844711.html|title=Emmanuel Macron says anti-Zionism is a new type of anti-Semitism|date=17 July 2017}} He also drew parallels between antisemitism in the past and present. He stated, "You only need to stop for a moment," adding, "to see, behind the new façade, the racism of old, the entrenched vein of anti-Semitism."{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/18/15990762/macron-anti-semitism-antizionism-vel-dhiv-bibi-netanyahu|title=The president of France just said bashing Israel is anti-Semitism by a different name|first=Sarah|last=Wildman|date=18 July 2017|website=Vox}}

On 11th November, 2023, Macron expressed support for a ceasefire in the Gaza war. Despite recognising a right for Israel to defend itself and condemning the preceding attacks on Israel by Hamas, he said that there was "no justification" for the bombing of Gaza by Israeli forces, arguing that the bombardments "de facto" targeted civilians, especially women and children. Macron went on to express his wishes for other world leaders to join his calls for a ceasefire.{{Cite news |date=2023-11-10 |title=Macron calls on Israel to stop killing Gaza's women and babies |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67356581 |access-date=2023-11-11}}

During a ceremony commemorating the centenary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918, he referred to nationalism as the "exact opposite" of patriotism, and a betrayal of it, characterizing nationalism as "who cares about others".{{cite news|last=Liptak |first=Kevin |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/11/politics/donald-trump-armistice-day-paris/index.html |title=Emmanuel Macron rebukes nationalism as Trump observes Armistice Day |work=CNN|date=12 November 2018 |access-date=4 December 2018}} This prompted criticism that his definition was wrong.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-french-president-and-the-alt-right-both-get-nationalism-wrong/2018/11/13/fb8ab9c8-e76b-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html |title=The French president and the alt-right both get nationalism wrong |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 December 2018}}

In response to the 2020 George Floyd protests, Macron stated that he opposed racism and acknowledged systemic discrimination existed toward some people in France. He said that unlike other countries, controversial statues of French people from the colonial period would not be removed.{{cite news|last1=Corbet|first1=Sylvie|last2=Charlton|first2=Angela|title=French leader rejects racism but colonial statues to remain|url=https://apnews.com/article/8825a7fce7d07e4d91b4d248fa411a8a|work=Associated Press|date=14 June 2020|access-date=30 January 2021}}

Macron expressed gratitude for the result of the 2020 New Caledonian independence referendum, thanking New Caledonians for their "vote of confidence" in the Republic. He also acknowledged those who had backed independence of the French Pacific territory of New Caledonia, calling for dialogue between all sides to map out the future of the region.{{cite news |publisher=Ouest France |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/monde/nouvelle-caledonie/que-retenir-du-deuxieme-referendum-sur-l-independance-en-nouvelle-caledonie-7000321 |language=fr |title=VIDÉO. Que retenir du deuxième référendum sur l'indépendance en Nouvelle-Calédonie ? |date=4 October 2020 |author=Yves-Marie ROBIN}}

==See also==

• Presidency of Emmanuel Macron
• Foreign policy of Emmanuel Macron

{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

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{{cite web |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/120616/comment-leurope-pese-sur-la-loi-el-khomri |title=Comment l'Europe a pesé sur la loi El Khomri |first=Martine |last=Orange |language=fr |work=Mediapart |date=12 June 2016 |access-date=26 July 2023}}

{{cite news |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-social-liberal-a-bercy-26-08-2014-4088311.php |title=Emmanuel Macron, un banquier social-libéral à Bercy |newspaper=Le Parisien|date=26 August 2014 |language= fr| access-date=26 July 2023}}

}}

{{Emmanuel Macron}}

Political positions

Macon, Emmanuel

Category:Third Way