Politics of New England#New England Autonomy

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The New England states abolished the death penalty for robbery and burglary in the 19th century, before much of the rest of the United States.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} New Hampshire was the final New England state to outlaw the practice, doing so in 2019.[http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/state/ "Death Penalty Information Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523143211/http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/state/ |date=2015-05-23 }}, Deathpenaltyinfo.org. Retrieved July 19, 2006. Although New Hampshire currently has one death row inmate, it has not held an execution since 1939.[https://www.foxnews.com/story/supreme-court-lifts-order-blocking-connecticut-execution "Supreme Court Lifts Order Blocking Connecticut Execution"], Fox News, January 29, 2005, Retrieved July 19, 2006, "New Hampshire has not executed anyone since 1939 and has no one on death row. New Hampshire outlawed capital punishment in 2019 Seven inmates are waiting to die in Connecticut, which conducted New England's last execution in 1960."

Connecticut and Rhode Island were the only states in the union not to ratify the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, also known as prohibition.{{cite news| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/02/05/97069165.pdf | work=The New York Times | title=CONNECTICUT BALKS AT PROHIBITION; Senate Rejects Federal Amendment—First State to Failto Ratify | date=1919-02-05}}

New Hampshire has no seatbelt law for persons over 18 years of age,[http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/seatbelt_laws.html State Seat Belt Laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135730/https://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/seatbelt_laws.html%20 |date=2018-12-25 }}. Ghsa.org. Retrieved May 15, 2012. no helmet law for motorcyclists,[http://www.bikersrights.com/states/newhampshire/newhampshire.html New Hampshire Motorcycle Helmet Law]. Bikersrights.com. Retrieved May 15, 2012. no mandatory auto-insurance law,[http://www.autoinsuranceremedy.com/auto-insurance-state-by-state.html State Insurance Laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231011/http://www.autoinsuranceremedy.com/auto-insurance-state-by-state.html |date=2013-12-15 }}. Autoinsuranceremedy.com. Retrieved May 15, 2012. and has neither an income tax nor a sales tax.[http://www.nh.gov/revenue/faq/gti-rev.htm Does NH have an Income Tax or Sales Tax? | Frequently Asked Questions | NH Department of Revenue Administration]. Nh.gov. Retrieved May 15, 2012.

Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire allow both the open and concealed carrying of a firearm without a permit.[http://opencarry.org/nh.html State Information For New Hampshire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130015606/http://opencarry.org/nh.html |date=2011-11-30 }}. OpenCarry.org. Retrieved May 15, 2012.[http://opencarry.org/vt.html State Information For Vermont] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213033250/http://www.opencarry.org/vt.html/ |date=2013-02-13 }}. OpenCarry.org. Retrieved May 15, 2012.

Massachusetts passed a ballot initiative (question 3) in the November 2012 election that legalized medical marijuana, effective January 1, 2013. Only people with debilitating diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's can obtain a medical marijuana card. Massachusetts became the 18th state in the US to legalize the medical use of marijuana.{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/elepdf/rov12.pdf|title=Return of Votes For Massachusetts State Election November 6, 2012 |publisher=Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth |access-date=2013-03-24}} Similar laws are also in place in every state in New England aside from New Hampshire.{{cite web|url=http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881|title=18 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits|publisher=procon.org|access-date=2013-03-24|archive-date=2017-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507124023/http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881|url-status=dead}}

Same-sex marriage had been legalized in all of the New England states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont, before it became legal nationwide in Obergefell v. Hodges. The New England region has been noted for being the center of the same-sex marriage movement in the United States,[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/us/05marriage.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss A Push Is On for Same-Sex Marriage Rights Across New England], New York Times, April 4, 2009 with the region having among the most widespread and earliest legal support of any region. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state in the United States to legalize same-sex marriage,{{cite news|first=Kathleen|last=Burge|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2003/11/18/sjc_gay_marriage_legal_in_mass/|title=SJC: Gay marriage legal in Mass.|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=November 18, 2003}} to be followed by three more states between October 2008 and June 2009. This followed Vermont being the first-in-the-nation with civil unions in 2000.[http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20090407/NEWS03/90407016 Vermont legalizes gay marriage]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Burlington Free Press, April 7, 2009 Before the 2012 election, California (2008), Iowa (2009), New York (2011) and the District of Columbia (2010) had been the only U.S. jurisdictions outside New England to have performed same-sex marriages, though same-sex marriages in California had been halted following the passage of Proposition 8.

The legalization of same-sex marriage was part of a campaign which began in November 2008, called Six by Twelve, and was organized by the Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders (GLAD) to legalize same-sex marriage in all six New England states by 2012.[http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=30392 'Gay marriage' bill passes N.H. Senate], Baptist Press, April 24, 2009[http://www.glad.org/current/news-detail/6x12-half-way-there-and-going-strong 6x12: Half-way There and Going Strong!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032819/http://www.glad.org/current/news-detail/6x12-half-way-there-and-going-strong |date=2011-09-28 }}, GLAD, April 14, 2009

The region holds a number of firsts on same-sex marriage: Vermont was the first state to enact it through legislative means and not because of a judicial ruling,{{cite news|title=Vt. legalizes same-sex marriage|publisher=The Burlington Free Press|date=2009-04-07|url=http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20090407/NEWS03/90407016|access-date=2009-04-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}{{cite news|title=Vermont Legislature Makes Same-Sex Marriage Legal|work=The New York Times|date=2009-04-07|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/08/us/08vermont.html | first=Abby | last=Goodnough | access-date=May 23, 2010}} and Maine was the first state to have a governor sign a same-sex marriage bill that was not the result of a court decision.{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2009/05/gay_marriage_la.html|title=Gay marriage law signed in Maine, advances in N.H|publisher=Boston.com|author=Russel, Jenna|date=2009-05-06|access-date=2009-05-06}} However, this law was repealed through a people's veto (53% voted to ban it versus 47% who voted to legalize it), but three years later, on November 6, 2012, the question was put to voters a second time, and the electorate voted 53–47 in support of same-sex marriage. As a result, Maine became one of three first US states to approve same-sex marriage at the ballot box, along with Washington and Maryland.

With Rhode Island legalizing same-sex marriage, all New England states allowed the practice. There have been numerous reasons given for why New England has found such strong legal recognition for same-sex marriages in comparison to the rest of the United States, including low religiosity, high educational attainment, strong social libertarianism, a long history of open same-sex relationships (including Boston marriages), and a general independent streak in New England culture.[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/us/06marriage.html?_r=1&em Gay Marriage Advances in Maine], The New York Times, Abby Goodnough and Katie Zezima, May 5, 2009{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-beliefs16-2009mar16,0,842718.story|title=New England surpasses West Coast as least religious region in America, study finds|date=2009-03-16|access-date=2009-05-15|first=Joanna|last=Lin|work=Los Angeles Times}}[http://www.necn.com/Boston/New-England/2009/05/07/New-England-leads-on-samesex/1241751933.html New England leads on same-sex marriage], NECN, May 7, 2009[http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/05/11/nes_identity_bolsters_gay_marriage_tolerance/?page=1 N.E.'s identity bolsters gay marriage tolerance], The Boston Globe, Jenna Russell, May 11, 2009

{{See also|Paul Gunter|Harvey Wasserman|Frances Crowe|Macy Morse}}

There were four targets of the anti-nuclear movement since 1974. As a result, Montague Nuclear was cancelled. Yankee Rowe closed prematurely for engineering inadequacies. Vermont Yankee was closed because it became uncompetitive. Seabrook remains operational.

On February 22, 1974, Sam Lovejoy took a crowbar to the weather-monitoring tower which had been erected at the Montague Nuclear Power Plant site. Lovejoy fell {{convert|349|ft}} from the {{convert|550|ft}} tower. He turned himself in to the local police. He presented a statement in which he took responsibility for the action. Lovejoy's action galvanized local public opinion against the plant.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19810104&id=rbcVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yg4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3870,625153 Utilities Drop Nuclear Power Plant Plans] Ocala Star-Banner, January 4, 1981.[https://books.google.com/books?id=YKP_KZGD7dwC&dq=%22Judith+Johnsrud%22+nuclear&pg=PA394 No nukes by Anna Gyorgy] pp. 393–394. The Montague nuclear power plant proposal was canceled in 1980,[http://www.nu.com/aboutnu/timeline.asp Some of the Major Events in NU's History Since the 1966 Affiliation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224104529/http://www.nu.com/aboutnu/timeline.asp |date=2013-12-24 }} after $29 million was spent on the project.

Seabrook power plant was proposed as a twin-reactor plant in 1972, at an estimated cost of $973 million. It received a commercial license in March 1990 for one reactor which cost $6.5 billion.[http://www.newburyportnews.com/punews/local_story_120234642.html 30 years later, another nuclear struggle looms] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120909180805/http://www.newburyportnews.com/punews/local_story_120234642.html |date=2012-09-09 }} The Daily News, April 30, 2007. Over a period of thirteen years more than 4,000 citizens, many associated with the Clamshell Alliance anti-nuclear group, committed non-violent civil disobedience at Seabrook:

• August 1, 1976: 200 residents rallied at the future Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant site in New Hampshire, and 18 were arrested for criminal trespass.Gunter, Paul. [http://www.ecologia.org/newsletter/year90/jan90c.html Clamshell Alliance: Thirteen Years of Anti-Nuclear Activism at Seabrook, New Hampshire, U.S.A.]Ecologia Newsletter, January 1990 Issue 3.
• August 22, 1976: 188 activists from New England were arrested at the Seabrook site.[http://www.marcuse.org/harold/pages/seabrook.htm Seabrook, NH Nuclear Plant Occupation Page]
• May 2, 1977: 1,414 protesters were arrested at Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant.Williams, Estha. [http://www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=8218 Nuke Fight Nears Decisive Moment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129015825/http://www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=8218 |date=2014-11-29 }} Valley Advocate, August 28, 2008.Williams, Eesha. [http://www.valleypost.org/node/164 Wikipedia distorts nuclear history] Valley Post, May 1, 2008. The protesters who were arrested were expected to be "released on their own recognizance", but this did not happen. Instead, they were charged with criminal trespass and asked to post bail ranging from $100 to $500. They refused and were then held in five national guard armories for 12 days. The Seabrook conflict, and role of New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thomson, received much national media coverage.William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani. [http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/mclaibourn/plap324/gamson_modigliani1989.pdf Media Coverage and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 95, No. 1, July 1989, p. 17.
• May 13, 1977: 550 protestors were freed after being detained for thirteen days.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
• June 1978: some 12,000 people attended a protest at Seabrook.
• May 25–27, 1980: Police use tear gas, riot sticks and dogs to drive 2,000 demonstrators away from the Seabrook site.[https://web.archive.org/web/20081012075325/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/987288222.html?dids=987288222:987288222&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=May+26%2C+1980&author=&pub=The+Hartford+Courant&desc=Police+Thwart+Seabrook+Protest&pqatl=google Hartford Courant]
• May 24, 1986: 74 anti-nuclear demonstrators were arrested in protests.[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE5D61F3FF935A15756C0A960948260 Anti-Nuclear Protesters Freed in New Hampshire][http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=102677 New Hampshire / Anti-Nuclear Demonstration]
• October 17, 1988: 84 people were arrested at the Seabrook plant.[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DF1138F934A25753C1A96E948260 84 Arrested in Protest At the Seabrook Plant]
• June 5, 1989: hundreds of demonstrators protested against the plant's first low-power testing, and the police arrested 627 people for trespassing; two state legislators, one from Massachusetts and one from New Hampshire, protested.Gold, Allan R. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DB1E3FF936A35755C0A96F948260 Hundreds Arrested Over Seabrook Test] New York Times, June 5, 1989.

The New England Coalition (NEC) is an educational non-profit organization based in Brattleboro, Vermont. Historically, it has been part of the anti-nuclear movement in the United States.[http://necnp.org/ New England Coalition]. The NEC is primarily concerned with legal action more than protests. It was involved in both legal action and protests about the Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Plant prior to its shut down in 1992, and has been involved in legal action and protests over extending the license to operate at the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant.

In February 2010, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 against allowing the PSB to consider re-certifying the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Plant after 2012, citing radioactive tritium leaks, misstatements in testimony by plant officials, a cooling tower collapse in 2007, and other problems.Wald, Matthew L., [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/us/25nuke.html Vermont Senate Votes to Close Nuclear Plant] The New York Times, February 24, 2010. In January 2012, Entergy won a court case to invalidate the state's veto power on continued operation.{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/entergy-to-close-decommission-vermont-yankee-221304391.html |title=Entergy to Close, Decommission Vermont Yankee |publisher=PR Newswire }}

There were a number of anti-nuclear protests about Vermont Yankee since the 1970s. These included protests following the Japanese Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011 and on the date of the original operating license expiry in March 2012. On August 28, 2013, the company said economic factors, notably the low cost of electricity caused by cheap natural gas, would result in the company's decommissioning the plant in the fourth quarter of 2014.

The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings dating from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, taking place in Hartford, Connecticut. They were led by various New England leaders leaders of the Federalist Party, and discussed their grievances concerning the War of 1812 and the other political problems stemming from the federal government's increasing power. One of the most notable propositions during the Hartford Convention was the idea of secession from the United States.{{Cite web |title=Hartford Convention {{!}} Federalist Party, Secession, New England {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Hartford-Convention |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}

The New England Independence Campaign[https://www.newenglandindependence.org/ New England Independence Campaign] (NEIC) is a big tent political advocacy organization founded in 2014 by Alex Gilbert. They cite issues such as the unfair balance of payments between states like Connecticut and Massachusetts and the federal government{{cite web |url=https://rockinst.org/issue-areas/fiscal-analysis/balance-of-payments-portal/ |title=Balance of Payments Portal |date=7 September 2018 }} as reason for secession. Other key platform issues include non-interventionism, political decentralization, reproductive rights, environmentalism, responsible gun ownership, and advocacy for electoral reform, including multi-party democracy and ranked voting.https://www.newenglandindependence.org/platform/ The NEIC has historically clashed with neo-Nazi groups like NSC-131.{{cite web |url=https://www.newenglandindependence.org/2021/04/10/neic-official-statement-regarding-recent-extremist-groups-social-media-posts/ |title=NEIC Official Statement Regarding Recent Extremist Groups' Social Media Posts – New England Independence Campaign }} Despite being nominally non-partisan, it draws most of its support from progressives, libertarians, and moderates.

The New England Autonomy Movement (NEAM) is a political advocacy organization founded in 2024. Key platform issues include economic independence, reproductive rights, environmentalism, and advocacy for electoral reform, including multi-party democracy and ranked voting.https://www.newenglandautonomy.org/ The NEAM is a distinct organization, but shares significant membership with the NEIC. They believe in increasing state's autonomy, self-sufficiency, and infrastructure in anticipation of future attempts to achieve regional independence.{{Cite web |title=New England Autonomy |url=https://www.newenglandautonomy.org/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=New England Autonomy |language=en-US}}

The People's Initiative of New England (PINE) is a subgroup of the Nationalist Social Club-131 founded in July 2023. Although they cite more issues on their publications, they mainly focus on issues such as; the nuclear family, the fentanyl crisis, housing, ongoing immigration, and a depleting regional identity. Multiple sources have noted they engage in racism, antisemitism, homophobia, and transphobia within their rhetoric, including the Southern Poverty Law Center{{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nationalist-social-club-nsc-131 |title=Nationalist Social Club (NSC-131) }} and the Anti-Defamation League.{{cite web |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounder/nationalist-social-club-nsc-131 |title=Nationalist Social Club (NSC-131) | ADL }} They often do flag waving rallies to spread awareness for their issues and to help preserve regional identity, as well as attending local meetings of elected officials.{{Cite web |last=Initiative |first=The People’s |date=2023-07-28 |title=Introduction |url=https://pineupdates.substack.com/p/introduction |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=PINE Updates}} In February 2024, the group demonstrated in front of Governor Maura Healey's residence in response to civil charges filed by the Massachusetts Attorney General regarding the group's efforts to "disrupt public peace and safety".{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/neo-nazi-demonstration-home-healey-massachusetts-governor-1234967010/ |title=Neo-Nazis Swarm Home of New England Governor |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=12 February 2024 }}

• Elections in New England
• Politics of Vermont
• Politics of New Hampshire
• Politics of Maine
• Politics of Massachusetts
• Politics of Connecticut
• Politics of Rhode Island

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{{New England}}

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Category:New England

Category:Politics of the United States