Polybotus

{{Short description|City in the Roman province of Phrygia Salutaris}}

Polybotus or Polybotos ({{langx|el|Πολύβοτος}}) was a city in the Roman province of Phrygia Salutaris. Its site is located {{convert|3|miles}} southwest of Bolvadin in Asiatic Turkey.{{Cite Barrington|62}}{{Cite DARE|30907}}

History

This town is mentioned in the 6th century by Hierocles in his Synecdemus.{{cite Hierocles|677, 10.}}

File:Asia Minor ca 842 AD.svg]]

Due to the wide-ranging grasslands, the area was used as a mustering place (e.g. possibly by emperor Romanos IV Diogenes){{cite journal |last1=Trobley |first1=Frank R. |last2=Tougher |first2=Shaun |title=The Emperor at War - Duties and Ideals |journal=The Emperor in the Byzantine World Papers from the Forty-Seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies |date=March 2019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viiNDwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 September 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |doi=10.4324/9780429060984-10 |isbn=9780429590467 |s2cid=166381063 |language=English|url-access=subscription }} and one of the metata (imperial stock-raising farm) was situated nearby between Polybotus, Dokimion and Synnada, though it was moved to Europe after the invasion of the Turkmen in the eleventh century.{{cite journal |author1=John Haldon |author1-link=John Haldon |editor1-last=Stephenson |editor1-first=Paul |title=The army and military logistics |journal=The Byzantine World |date=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmerAgAAQBAJ |access-date=25 September 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136727863 |language=English}} The city was sacked in 838 by retreating Arab troops under caliph Al-Mu'tasim according to the vita of John of Polybotus.{{cite book |last1=Signes Codoñer |first1=Juan |title=The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829–842 Court and Frontier in Byzantium During the Last Phase of Iconoclasm |date=March 2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317034261 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-jOCwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 September 2023}}

The Turks first occupied Polybotus some time after the battle of Manzikert, but it was reconquered in the aftermath of the First Crusade by emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his general John Doukas as is recounted in the Alexiad.{{cite book |last1=Mullett |first1=Margaret |title=Letters, Literacy and Literature in Byzantium |date=June 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000941647 |page=244}} The town became part of a contested area between the Byzantine Empire and the Sultanate of Rum, with neither being able to exert durable control in the early twelfth century until it finally was lost to the Seljuks later that century.{{cite journal |author1=Daniel Beihammer |editor1-last=Nilsson |editor1-first=Ingela |editor2-last=Veikou |editor2-first=Myrto |title=Spatial Concept and Administrative Structures in the Byzantine-Turkish Frontier of the Twelfth-Century Asia Minor |journal=Spatialities of Byzantine Culture from the Human Body to the Universe |date=14 November 2022 |page=413 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpScEAAAQBAJ |access-date=25 September 2023 |publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004523005 }}

Ecclesiastical history

The earliest Greek Notitia Episcopatuum of the 7th century places the see among the suffragans of Synnada. After Amorium became a metropolitan see in the 9th century, Polybotus became a suffragan of Amorium until its disappearance as a residential see.See the "Basilii Notitia" in {{cite book|author=Heinrich Gelzer|title=Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani|location=Leipzig|year=1890|page=26}}

Le Quien mentions two bishops:{{cite book|author=Michel Lequien|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC|title=Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus| year=1740 |publisher=Parigi 1740, Tomus I, coll. 841-844}}

Strategius, present at the Council of Chalcedon (451);
St. John the Thaumaturgus, whose feast is celebrated on 5 December and who lived under Leo the Isaurian.

At the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the see was represented by the priest Gregory.

The bishopric is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.{{cite book|title=Annuario Pontificio 2013|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|year=2013|isbn=978-88-209-9070-1|page=954}}

References

;Attribution

{{Catholic|wstitle=Polybotus}}

{{coords|38.712642|N|31.048534|E|display=title|format=dms|source:http://dare.ht.lu.se/places/30907}}

Category:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire

Category:Populated places in Phrygia

Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia

Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey

Category:History of Afyonkarahisar Province

Category:Bolvadin District