Port Hawkesbury
{{About|the town|the airport|Allan J. MacEachen Port Hawkesbury Airport}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Port Hawkesbury
|other_name =Gaelic: Baile a' Chlamhain / An Gut
|native_name =
|nickname = Cape Breton's Front Porch
|settlement_type = Town
|motto =
|image_skyline = Port Hawksbury Big Boat (208622829).jpg
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Port-hawkesbury-crest.png
|image_shield =
|pushpin_map = Nova Scotia#Canada
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Canada
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Nova Scotia
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|subdivision_name2 = Inverness County
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_title1 = Governing Body
|leader_name1 =Port Hawkesbury Town Council
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1789
|established_title2 = Incorporated
|established_date2 = January 22, 1889
|established_title3 =
|established_date3 =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes = (2016){{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=12 | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Nova Scotia) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 8, 2017 | access-date=February 12, 2017}}
|area_total_km2 = 8.10
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_note =
|population_total = 3214
|population_density_km2 = 396.6
|timezone = AST
|utc_offset = -4
|timezone_DST = ADT
|utc_offset_DST = -3
|coordinates = {{coord|45|36|55|N|61|21|51|W|region:CA-NS|display=title,inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_min_m = 0
|elevation_max_m = 54
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = B9A
|area_code = 902
|blank_name =Telephone Exchange
|blank_info =625
|blank1_name =Median Earnings*
|blank1_info =$48,141
|blank2_name = NTS Map
|blank2_info = {{Canada NTS Map Sheet|11|F|11}}
|blank3_name = GNBC Code
|blank3_info = CBELL
|website = [http://www.townofporthawkesbury.ca/ townofporthawkesbury.ca]
|footnotes = *Median household income, 2005 ($) (all households)
}}
Port Hawkesbury (Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Chlamhain) is a municipality in southern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. While within the historical county of Inverness, it is not part of the Municipality of Inverness County.
Their slogan is "Opportunities Await".
History
{{Moresources|section|date=May 2023}}
The end of glaciation began 13,500 years ago[5] and ended with the region becoming largely ice free 11,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of Palaeo-Indian settlement in the region follows rapidly after deglaciation.[6]
Several thousand years ago, the territory of the province became known a part of the territory of the Mi'kmaq nation of Mi'kma'ki. Mi'kma'ki includes what is now the Maritimes, parts of Maine, Newfoundland and the Gaspé Peninsula. The town of Port Hawkesbury is in the traditional Mi'kmaw district of Unama'ki.
In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada (and the first north of Florida) at Port Royal, founding what would become known as Acadia.[7][8] While the French established the first European settlements on Île Royale (as the French called Unama'ki) at present day Englishtown in 1629 and the following year at St. Peter's, just 40 kilometres away from present-day Port Hawkesbury, neither settlement lasted past 1659. European settlers did not return to the island until Louisbourg were re-established by the French in 1713. By 1763 most of Acadia, including what had now become Cape Breton Island had come under British control.
File:With fly-rod and camera (1890) (14802686563).jpg
Founded in 1789 as Ship Harbour, Port Hawkesbury was renamed in honour of Admiral Sir Edward Hawke, who commanded the ship that brought Governor Edward Cornwallis to Halifax.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/navalchronologyo01schoiala/page/258?q=%22governor+cornwallis%22|title = Naval chronology; or, an historical summary of naval & maritime events, from the time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace, 1802|year = 1802}}{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/placenamesofprov00browuoft#page/116/mode/2up|title=Place-names of the Province of Nova Scotia|website=archive.org|access-date=2017-01-02}} Incorporated in 1889, the community built ships for the timber export trade in the early and mid 19th century, such as the brig James, the subject of one of the earliest ship portraits in Canada.[4] Schooners and fishing boats were also built for the inshore and banks fishery by firms such as the noted boat builder H.W. Embree and Sons.
Today the town is largely a service centre for western Cape Breton Island, with many of its residents working in large industries, particularly the pulp and paper plant in the industrial park located in the adjacent community of Point Tupper, Richmond County.
Government
File:Canso causeway Port Hawkesbury (41321647292).jpg
The Town of Port Hawkesbury is governed by a council composed of a mayor and four councillors elected at-large. [23] The mayor is Brenda Chisholm-Beaton.{{Cite web|url=http://www.townofporthawkesbury.ca/mayor-and-council|title=Town of Port Hawkesbury - Mayor and Council|website=www.townofporthawkesbury.ca|access-date=2019-06-21}} Day to day activities are managed by a chief administrative officer (CAO) who is accountable to Council.[25]Municipal governments in Nova Scotia are elected every four years and the most recent round of elections took place on October 15, 2016.[26] The provincial legislation that creates and empowers the municipality is the Nova Scotia Municipal Government Act.[27]
Municipal Council is responsible for all facets of the municipal government, including directly delivered and shared or regional services. Directly delivered services include services such fire, public works, roads, as well as the municipally owned and operated electrical and water utilities. The municipality participates in shared services, such as library services and policing. The town's municipal operating budget was $7.8 million in the 2018/19 fiscal year.[https://www.989xfm.ca/port-hawkesbury-town-council-adopts-new-budget/
Port Hawkesbury is represented in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly by Allan MacMaster, elected to the riding of Inverness, and in Canada's House of Commons by Mike Kelloway, elected to represent the riding of Cape Breton—Canso.
Economy
In 2006, the Port of Port Hawkesbury was the second largest by annual tonnage in Canada, second only to Vancouver, British Columbia, due to large volumes of crushed rock and gravel shipments and oil trans-shipments. It handled 31.6 million metric tonnes in 2006, of which 21.6 million tonnes was crude petroleum.{{cite journal|url=http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/collection_2009/statcan/54-205-X/54-205-x2006000-eng.pdf|title=Shipping in Canada 2006 (Catalogue no. 54-205-X)|journal=Shipping in Canada |date=April 2009|publisher=Statistics Canada|pages=26, 60|issn=1480-8773}} By 2011, the volume of annual tonnage had dropped to 23.7 million tonnes, making it the 7th largest port in Canada.{{cite journal|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/54-205-x/54-205-x2011000-eng.pdf?st=4jSRjh4m|title=Shipping in Canada 2011 (Catalogue no. 54-205-X)|journal=Shipping in Canada|date=November 2012|publisher=Statistics Canada|pages=28, 58|issn=1480-8773}}
The port is served by tugs of Svitzer Towing such as the tug Point Chebucto.[http://tugfaxblogspotcom.blogspot.ca/2010/07/annoucement.html Mac Mackay, "The Announcement", Tugfax, July 23, 2010] Historically, it was a stop for American coastal steam ships.{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/n43/mode/1up|title=Plant Line Ocean Trips|date=Jul 6, 1914|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=August 1, 2012}}
Located in neighbouring Point Tupper, the Port Hawkesbury Mill began operation in 1962. The overwhelming majority of the paper produced is exported to the United States.{{Cite web|url=https://caperfrasers.wordpress.com/2010/09/06/port-hawkesbury-cape-breton/|title=PORT HAWKESBURY – CAPE BRETON|date=2010-09-06|website=Cape Breton News|language=en|access-date=2019-06-21}} The mill has the capability to produce nearly 400,000 tons of supercalendered paper, or 25–20% of the market for that type of paper.{{Cite web|url=https://bangordailynews.com/2012/09/24/business/nova-scotia-paper-mill-calls-back-employees-reaches-deal-to-reopen-this-week/|title=Nova Scotia paper mill calls back employees, reaches deal to reopen this week|website=Bangor Daily News|date=24 September 2012|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-21}} The mill was closed for a year 2011-12, following the 2008 financial crisis. However, by 2018, the company reported its annual order book was once again full.{{Cite web|url=http://www.capebretonpost.com/business/port-hawkesbury-paper-says-order-book-full-six-years-after-reopening-268582/|title=Port Hawkesbury Paper says order book full six years after reopening {{!}} Cape Breton Post|website=www.capebretonpost.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-21}}
Geography
File:Wfm_cape_breton_island_pseudocolour.jpg
The land area of the municipality is 8.1 square kilometres with a population density (2016) of 396.6 persons per square kilometre. This compares to the provincial land area of 52,940 square kilometres and population density of 17.4 persons per square kilometre.[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=1217030 "Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census – Census subdivision of Cape Breton, RGM – Nova Scotia"]
= Climate =
Port Hawkesbury experiences a Humid continental climate (Dfb). Due to the proximity to surrounding bodies of water, seasons tend to be delayed when compared to areas further inland. Precipitation is high, with the fall and winter being the wettest time of year and summer being the driest. Winters are cold, snowy and stormy with frequent snowstorms. Summer is the most pleasant time of year, with significantly less precipitation and warm temperatures.
The highest (reliable) temperature ever recorded in the strait area was {{convert|35.0|C|0}} on 7 July 1912 and 19 July 1975.{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1989-09-30&mlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1989-12-01&StationID=6441&Prov=NS&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=port+hastings&timeframe=2&Year=1912&Month=7#|title=Daily Data Report for July 1912|work=Canadian Climate Data|date=31 October 2011|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=16 September 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1989-09-30&mlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1989-12-01&StationID=6441&Prov=NS&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=port+hastings&timeframe=2&Year=1975&Month=7#|title=Daily Data Report for July 1975|work=Canadian Climate Data|date=31 October 2011|publisher=Environment Canada|access-date=16 September 2016}} The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-28.5|C|0}} on 7 February 1993.
{{Weather box|location=Port Hawkesbury Airport, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1885–present{{efn|Climate data was recorded at Port Hastings from October 1885 to June 1913 and again from June 1959 to September 1989, at Port Hawkesbury Airport from December 1985 to August 2004, at Port Hawkesbury from January 2006 to May 2009 and at Port Hawkesbury Airport from June 2010 to present.}}
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=17.0
|Feb record high C=13.6
|Mar record high C=23.7
|Apr record high C=27.1
|May record high C=31.7
|Jun record high C=34.0
|Jul record high C=35.0
|Aug record high C=34.0
|Sep record high C=33.0
|Oct record high C=26.5
|Nov record high C=25.6
|Dec record high C=16.0
|year record high C=35.0
|Jan high C=-1.8
|Feb high C=-2.1
|Mar high C=1.5
|Apr high C=6.8
|May high C=13.4
|Jun high C=18.9
|Jul high C=23.2
|Aug high C=23.5
|Sep high C=19.6
|Oct high C=13.2
|Nov high C=7.5
|Dec high C=2.2
|year high C=10.5
|Jan mean C=-5.8
|Feb mean C=-6.5
|Mar mean C=-2.5
|Apr mean C=2.7
|May mean C=8.2
|Jun mean C=13.6
|Jul mean C=18.1
|Aug mean C=18.6
|Sep mean C=14.7
|Oct mean C=9.1
|Nov mean C=4.0
|Dec mean C=-1.1
|year mean C=6.1
|Jan low C=-9.9
|Feb low C=-10.7
|Mar low C=-6.9
|Apr low C=-1.5
|May low C=3.0
|Jun low C=8.2
|Jul low C=13.0
|Aug low C=13.5
|Sep low C=9.8
|Oct low C=5.0
|Nov low C=0.4
|Dec low C=-4.4
|year low C=1.6
|Jan record low C=-27.0
|Feb record low C=-28.5
|Mar record low C=-26.7
|Apr record low C=-13.5
|May record low C=-7.0
|Jun record low C=-3.0
|Jul record low C=-0.6
|Aug record low C=1.1
|Sep record low C=-5.6
|Oct record low C=-7.2
|Nov record low C=-13.1
|Dec record low C=-24.0
|year record low C=-28.5
|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=121.2|Feb precipitation mm=115.7|Mar precipitation mm=113.4|Apr precipitation mm=106.4|May precipitation mm=98.1|Jun precipitation mm=97.3|Jul precipitation mm=96.2|Aug precipitation mm=81.8|Sep precipitation mm=116.6|Oct precipitation mm=156.5|Nov precipitation mm=146.9|Dec precipitation mm=133.6|year precipitation mm=1383.6|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=55.6|Feb rain mm=48.6|Mar rain mm=74.2|Apr rain mm=91.9|May rain mm=97.5|Jun rain mm=97.3|Jul rain mm=96.2|Aug rain mm=81.8|Sep rain mm=116.6|Oct rain mm=156.4|Nov rain mm=133.1|Dec rain mm=81.0|year rain mm=1130.1|snow colour=green|Jan snow cm=65.6|Feb snow cm=67.1|Mar snow cm=39.3|Apr snow cm=14.5|May snow cm=0.6|Jun snow cm=0.0|Jul snow cm=0.0|Aug snow cm=0.0|Sep snow cm=0.0|Oct snow cm=0.1|Nov snow cm=13.8|Dec snow cm=52.6|year snow cm=253.5|Jan sun=101.4|Feb sun=120.7|Mar sun=139.3|Apr sun=156.1|May sun=191.2|Jun sun=221.4|Jul sun=227.3|Aug sun=224.0|Sep sun=172.7|Oct sun=137.0|Nov sun=98.8|Dec sun=78.8|year sun=1868.7|source 1=Environment Canada{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NS/NS_ANNA-YARM_ENG.csv
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031083611/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NS/NS_ANNA-YARM_ENG.csv
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2020-10-31
| title = Port Hawkesbury A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = 16 September 2016}}{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=port+hastings&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=9&Day=16&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Port Hastings
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = 16 September 2016}}{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=eddy+point&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=9&Day=16&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Eddy Point
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = 16 September 2016}}{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=hawkesbury&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=2006&EndYear=2009&Year=2016&Month=9&Day=16&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Port Hawkesbury
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = 16 September 2016}}{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=port+hawkesbury&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=2016&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=9&Day=16&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Port Hawkesbury Airport
| work = Canadian Climate Data
|date = 31 October 2011| access-date = 16 September 2016}}{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnName_1991&txtStationName_1991=port+hawkesbury&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=43000000&dispBack=1
| title = Normals
| work = Canadian Climate Normals
|date = 1 October 2024| access-date = 16 December 2024}} (Precipitation, rain snow 1981–2010. Sunshine data recorded at Eddy Point)|date=September 2016}}
Demographics
{{stack|{{Historical populations
|1901|633
|1911|684
|1921|869
|1931|1011
|1941|1031
|1951|1034
|1956|1078
|1961|1346
|1981|3850
|1986|3869
|1991|3991
|1996|3809
|2001|3701
|2006|3517
|2011|3366
|2016|3214
|2021|3210
|align=none
{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/publish/CENSUS/Census%201.pdf |title=I:\ecstats\Agency\BRIAN\census2 |access-date=2010-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005011332/http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/publish/CENSUS/Census%201.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-05 |url-status=dead }}
}}}}
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Port Hawkesbury had a population of {{nts|3210}} living in {{nts|1415}} of its {{nts|1523}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:3210-3214}}|3214|1}} from its 2016 population of {{nts|3214}}. With a land area of {{convert|8.1|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|3210|8.1|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000212 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nova Scotia | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 12, 2022}}
Media
- 101.5 (FM) - The Hawk
- SAERC FM - 93.9
- SAERC TV
- The Reporter, community newspaper
Notable people
- Lynn Coady, author.
- Mark Day, actor.
- Aaron Johnson, professional hockey player.
- Billy Joe MacLean, politician.
Notes
{{Notelist}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.townofporthawkesbury.ca/ Town of Port Hawkesbury]
{{Subdivisions of Nova Scotia}}
{{Authority control}}