Poshak

Poshak means a specific type of costume in English.{{Cite web|title=English Translation of "पोशाक" {{!}} Collins Hindi-English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95|access-date=2021-01-21|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=पोशाक Poshak Meaning Sanskrit Hindi Translate Arth Kya Matlab|url=https://www.bsarkari.com/poshak-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95/meaning-sanskrit-hindi|access-date=2021-01-21|website=www.bsarkari.com}} Vasna or Vastar (means dress) has two main categories vasa for lower, and Adhivasa for upper body parts, other related terms of garb used in Vedas are as following.

• Suvasa was the term for a splendid garment
• Suvasna for well clad
• Surabhi for well fitting clothes.{{Cite book|last=Biswas|first=A. (Arabinda)|url=http://archive.org/details/indiancostumes00bisw|title=Indian Costumes|date=2003|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India|others=Public Resource|isbn=978-81-230-1055-7}}

{{Lang|hi|पोशाक,परिधान }} Poshak, pridhaan was a set of clothes for men and women. These clothes were common and unsewn but varied with the size and style of wrapping and draping. They have various descriptions of associated ensembles in Vedas, such as for the characters in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Sari, is significantly stated in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the war took place in 3067 BCE.{{Cite book|last=Biswas|first=A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pG42DwAAQBAJ&q=vedic+costumes&pg=PT14|title=Indian Costumes|date=2017-09-15|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2564-3|language=en}} {{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Ritu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYK1AAAAIAAJ|title=Costumes and Textiles of Royal India|date=2006|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|isbn=978-1-85149-509-2|location=|pages=16|language=en}}

• Uttariya is an "upper body garment".
• Adivasah is a loose-fitting outer garment, it is a type of over garment similar to a mantle or cloak
• Antariya is a lower body garment.
• Stanapatta is a chest band to cover the breasts.
• Sari

Suna Besha is an event at the Jagannath Temple, Puri, where the Hindu deities Shri Jagannath ji, Balabhadra, and Subhadra are adorned with poshak variety of jewelry. The rituals are similar in many other Hindu temples where the devotees offer Poshak to the deities as a part of their prayers.{{Cite book|last=Packert|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebxa1F8zNT0C|title=The Art of Loving Krishna: Ornamentation and Devotion|date=2010-07-07|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00462-8|location=|pages=149|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Puri temple Lords dazzle in gold|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2016/jul/16/puri-temple-lords-dazzle-in-gold-881462.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=The New Indian Express}}

Following sculptures in the Indian subcontinent, terracottas, cave paintings, and wood carvings conferring men and women wore the same (unstitched) clothes with various wrapping and draping styles.

File:Statues of Vaishnavi, Varahi, Indrani and Camunda, National Museum, New Delhi.jpg|Shaktism is a Goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. Relief statues of Vaishnavi, Varahi, Indrani and Chamunda

File:Ardhanari.jpg|In Shakta theology, the female and male are interdependent realities, represented with Ardhanarishvara icon. Left: A 5th century art work representing this idea at the Elephanta Caves; Right: a painting of Ardhanarishvara.

File:Yakshini (cropped).jpg|Yakshini wearing dhoti wrap and elaborate necklace, Mauryan period.

File:Mehrauli Yakshi, 150 BCE, Mathura.jpg|The "Mehrauli Yakshi", dated to 150 BCE, Mathura.

File:Mudgarpani_Yaksha,_Mathura,_100_BCE.jpg|Mudgarpani Yaksha, 100 BCE.

File:Yaksha_Manibhadra_-_Parkham_Mathura_circa_150_BCE.jpg|Parkham Yaksha, 150 BCE.

File:Door Desavatara Deogarh.jpg|Females statues wearing drapes are depicted at Dashavatara Temple.

File:In Welcome of Buddha - ACCN 34-2542 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5941.JPG|Relief depicting men in antriya and uttariya, 1st century CE.

File:Xerxes Hidush warrior 480 BCE.jpg|Hindush soldier, circa 480 BCE. He wears a Dhoti and a turban. Tomb of Xerxes I.

File:Mithuna, Nachna, Parvati-Tempel 2.jpg|Male and female statues wearing drapes at Nachna Hindu temples.

File:The Buddha attended by Indra at Indrasala Cave, Mathura 50-100 CE.jpg| Uttariya and Antriya both are visible.

File:Buddha in Abhaya Mudra - Circa 2nd Century CE - ACCN 00-A-4 - Government Museum - Mathura.jpg|A Mathura standing Buddha in "Samghati" monastic dress, circa 2nd century CE, Mathura Museum

File:Indian Museum Sculpture - Subjugation of Nalagiri, 2c, Mathura (9220813720).jpg|The Buddha in checkered monastic dress in the "Subjugation of Nalagiri", Bhutesvara Yakshis, 2nd century CE, Mathura.

File:Buddha Refuses Anupama - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5938.JPG|"Buddha Refuses Anupama", late Kushan

File:Bodhisattva Holding Lotus Flowers - Kushan Period - Govind Nagar - ACCN 76-38 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5730.JPG|Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara holding lotus flower

File:Gandhara Buddha (tnm).jpeg|The Buddha wearing kāṣāya robes, c. 200 BCE.

File:Goat-headed God Naigamesha Presiding Deity of Childbirth among Ancient Jainas - ACCN 15-1115 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6067.JPG|Naigamesha Jain god of Childbirth, 1st-3rd century CE.

Silapadikkaram indicate that during the Sangam period (third-century BCE to fourth-century CE in ancient South India), a single piece of clothing served as both lower and upper.{{Cite book|last1=Nair|first1=Rukmini Bhaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6XFDwAAQBAJ&q=Silapadikkaram+sari&pg=PT94|title=Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the 21st Century|last2=deSouza|first2=Peter Ronald|date=2020-02-20|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-350-03925-4|language=en}}

With changing times, social norms and the introduction of sewing developed the wraps into many attractive costumes. Uttariya became dupatta,Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya, (2001) "Epic India : India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana", p.144 Antriya changed into the skirt (ghagra),J. Correia-Afonso, (1984) "Indica, Volume 21, Issue 2", p.126 and stanapatta became choli.Prachya Pratibha, 1978 "Prachya Pratibha, Volume 6", p.121Agam Kala Prakashan, 1991 "Costume, coiffure, and ornaments in the temple sculpture of northern Andhra", p.118Roshen Alkazi, 1996 "Ancient Indian Costume", p.48{{cite book|last1=Levick|first1=Melba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dApCPMobDlAC|title=IndiaColor: Spirit, Tradition, and Style|last2=Crites|first2=Mitchell|last3=Nanji|first3=Ameeta|date=2008|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-5316-3|page=47}} Sari, of course, is evolved from these articles.Mohapatra, R. P. (1992) "Fashion styles of ancient India", B. R. Publishing corporation, {{ISBN|81-7018-723-0}}Sachidanand, Sahay (1975) Indian costume, coiffure, and ornament. Chapter 2 'Female Dress', Munshiram Manoharlal publishers Pvt Ltd. pp 31–55

File:Mathura Votive Figurine - Walters 25249.jpg|Evidence of stitching, Mathura, 3rd century BCE. A terracotta votive figurine from Mathura. The wide hips and fantastic floral headdress suggest a devotion towards fertility and abundance. She has lotus stalks in her head, and children clinging to her. Height: 25.7 cm (10.1 ″). Mathura, 3rd-2nd century BCE.

File:टेराकोटा यक्षिणी.jpg|Terracotta figurine in sari drape, 200-100 BCE.

File:Chastana with costume details.jpg|Statue of the Saka Prince Chastana, with costume details. 2nd century CE. Mathura Museum

File:Krishnacart.jpg|Plaque depicting ancient form of long choli and gagra worn during Gupta Empire

File:Kanishka enhanced.jpg|Statue of Kushan emperor Kanishka I (c. 127–150 CE) in long coat and boots, holding a mace and a sword, from the Māt sanctuary in Mathura. An inscription runs along the bottom of the coat: Mahārāja Rājadhirāja Devaputra Kāṇiṣka "The Great King, King of Kings, Son of God, Kanishka"

File:Ajanta Paintings.jpg|Women in choli (blouse) and antariya {{circa|320 CE}}, Gupta Empire

File:Green Tara. Sumtsek hall at Alci monastery, Ladakh, ca. 11th century.jpg|Painting of a Shyama Tara with a three-piece sari from Alchi Monastery.

• Kanchuka, the foremost recorded bodice used in India.
• History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent
• Vedas, ancient scriptures of Hinduism.

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