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Pracalit script

{{Short description|Nepali script}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}

{{Infobox writing system

| name = Prachalit Nepal

| native_name = {{Script|Newa|𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐔𑐮𑐶𑐟 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮}}{{cite web|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4038.pdf|title=N4038: Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646|first = Anshuman|last = Pandey|date=2011-05-03|access-date=2016-06-24}}

| sample = Shukla Prachalit Nepal.svg

| caption = The word 'Prachalit Nepal' in Prachalit Nepal script

| type = Abugida

| time = Unknown — 1769

| languages = Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit, Pali, Maithili

| fam1 = Proto-Sinaitic script

| fam2 = Phoenician alphabet

| fam3 = Aramaic script

| fam4 = Brāhmī

| fam5 = Gupta

| fam6 = Siddham

| fam7 = Gaudi{{cite book |last1=Masica |first1=Colin |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |date=1993 |page=143}}

| fam8 = Nepali

| sisters = Ranjana
Bhujimol

| iso15924 = Newa

| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11400.pdf U+11400–U+1147F]

| note = none

}}

{{brahmic}}

File:Ghorashar letterhead 1958.jpg

File:Letter in nepal script.jpg to Kathmandu.]]

Prachalit, also known as Newa, Newar, Newari, or Nepāla lipi is a type of abugida script developed from the Nepalese scripts, which are a part of the family of Brahmic scripts descended from Brahmi script. It is used to write Nepal Bhasa, Maithili, Sanskrit and Pali. Various publications are still published in this script including the Sikkim Herald the bulletin of the Sikkim government (Newari edition).

Consonants

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! bgcolor="#FFFFFF" rowspan="3"|

! colspan="16"| Plosive

! colspan="8" rowspan="2"| Nasal

! colspan="8" rowspan="2"| Sonorant

! colspan="4" rowspan="3"| Sibilant

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="8"| Voiceless

! colspan="8"| Voiced

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="4"| Plain

! colspan="4"| Aspirated

! colspan="4"| Modal

! colspan="4"| Breathy

! colspan="4"| Modal

! colspan="4"| Breathy

! colspan="4"| Modal

! colspan="4"| Breathy

align="center"

! Velar

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎

कkə{{IPA|kə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐏

खkhə{{IPA|kʰə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐

गgə{{IPA|ɡə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐑

घghə{{IPA|ɡʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐒

ङŋə{{IPA|ŋə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐓

ङ्हŋhə{{IPA|ŋʱə}}

| colspan="12"|

align="center"

! Palatal

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐔

चcə{{IPA|tɕə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐕

छchə{{IPA|tɕʰə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐖

जjə{{IPA|dʑə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐗

झjhə{{IPA|dʑʱə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐘

ञñə{{IPA|ɲə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐙

ञ्हñhə{{IPA|ɲʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐫

यyə{{IPA|jə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐴𑑂𑐫

ह्यyhə{{IPA|jʱə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐱

शsə{{IPA|sə}}
align="center"

! Retroflex

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐚

टṭə{{IPA|ʈə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐛

ठṭhə{{IPA|ʈʰə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐜

डḍə{{IPA|ɖə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐝

ढḍhə{{IPA|ɖʱə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐞

णṇə{{IPA|ɳə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐴𑑂𑐞

ण्हṇhə{{IPA|ɳʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐬

रrə{{IPA|ɾə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐭

ह्रrhə{{IPA|ɾʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐲

षsə{{IPA|sə}}
align="center"

! Dental

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐟

तtə{{IPA|tə}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐠

थthə{{IPA|tʰə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐡

दdə{{IPA|də}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐢

धdhə{{IPA|dʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐣

नnə{{IPA|nə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐤

न्हnhə{{IPA|nʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐮

लlə{{IPA|lə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐯

ल्हlhə{{IPA|lʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐳

सsə{{IPA|sə}}
align="center"

! Labial

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐥

पpə{{IPA|pə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐦

फphə{{IPA|pʰə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐧

बbə{{IPA|bə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐨

भbhə{{IPA|bʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐩

मmə{{IPA|mə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐪

म्हmhə{{IPA|mʱə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐰

वwə{{IPA|wɔ}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐴𑑂𑐰

व्हwhə{{IPA|wʱɔ}}

| colspan="4"|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
align="center"

! Guttural

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐴

हhə{{IPA|hə}}

File:Prachalit consonants.png

Vowels

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="12"| Short

! colspan="12"| Long

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="4"| Independent

! colspan="4"| 𑐎‎+ k+

! colspan="4"| 𑐐+ g+

! colspan="4"| Independent

! colspan="4"| 𑐎‎+ k+

! colspan="4"| 𑐐+ g+

bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐀अə{{IPA|ə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎

कkə{{IPA|kə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐

गgə{{IPA|ɡə}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐀𑑅

अःəə{{IPA|əː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑅

कःkəə{{IPA|kəː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑅

गःgəə{{IPA|ɡəː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐁आa{{IPA|a}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐵

काka{{IPA|ka}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐵

गाga{{IPA|ɡa}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐁𑑅

आःaa{{IPA|aː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐵𑑅

काःkaa{{IPA|kaː}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐵𑑅

गाःgaa{{IPA|ɡaː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐂इi{{IPA|i}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐶

किki{{IPA|ki}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐶

गिgi{{IPA|ɡi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐃

ईii{{IPA|iː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐷

कीkii{{IPA|kiː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐷

गीgii{{IPA|ɡiː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐄उu{{IPA|u}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐸

कुku{{IPA|ku}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐸

गुgu{{IPA|ɡu}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐅

ऊuu{{IPA|uː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐹

कूkuu{{IPA|kuː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐹

गूguu{{IPA|ɡuː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐆ऋri{{IPA|ɾi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐺

कृkri{{IPA|kɾi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐺

गृgri{{IPA|ɡɾi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐇

ॠrii{{IPA|ɾiː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐻

कॄkrii{{IPA|kɾiː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐻

गॄgrii{{IPA|gɾiː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐈ऌ??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐼

कॢ??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐼

गॢ??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐉

ॡ??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐽

कॣ??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐽

गॣ??
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐊एe{{IPA|e}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐾

केke{{IPA|ke}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐾

गेge{{IPA|ɡe}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐊𑑅

एःee{{IPA|eː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐾𑑅

केःkee{{IPA|keː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐾𑑅

गेःgee{{IPA|ɡeː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐌ओo{{IPA|o}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑀

कोko{{IPA|ko}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑀

गोgo{{IPA|ɡo}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐌𑑅

ओःoo{{IPA|oː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑀𑑅

कोःkoo{{IPA|koː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑀𑑅

गोःgoo{{IPA|ɡoː}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
align="center"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="12"| Other vowels

! colspan="12"| Other diacritics

bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

! colspan="4"| Independent

! colspan="4"| 𑐎+ k+

! colspan="4"| 𑐐+ g+

! colspan="4"| 𑐀+ ə+

! colspan="4"| 𑐎+ kə+

! colspan="4"| 𑐐+ gə+

bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐋ऐəi{{IPA|əi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐿

कैkəi{{IPA|kəi}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐿

गैgəi{{IPA|ɡəi}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐀𑑄

अंə̃{{IPA|ə̃}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑄

कंkə̃{{IPA|kə̃}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑄

गंgə̃{{IPA|ɡə̃}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐍औəu{{IPA|əu}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑁

कौkəu{{IPA|kəu}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑁

गौgəu{{IPA|ɡəu}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐀𑑃

अँə̃{{IPA|ə̃}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑃

कँkə̃{{IPA|kə̃}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑃

गँgə̃{{IPA|ɡə̃}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐀𑐫𑑂अय्‌əe{{IPA|ɛː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐫𑑂

कय्‌kəe{{IPA|kɛː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐫𑑂

गय्‌gəe{{IPA|ɡɛː}}

| colspan="12" rowspan="4" |

bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐁𑐫𑑂आय्‌ae{{IPA|æː}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐵𑐫𑑂

काय्‌kae{{IPA|kæː}}

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐵𑐫𑑂

गाय्‌gae{{IPA|ɡæː}}
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐊𑐫𑑂एय्‌??

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑐾𑐫𑑂

केय्‌??

| bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑐾𑐫𑑂

गेय्‌??
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑑂्-{{IPA|Ø}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐎𑑂

क्k{{IPA|k}}

| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" |𑐐𑑂

ग्g{{IPA|ɡ}}

File:Prachalit vowels.png

Symbols

File:Prachalit signs.png

Numerals

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC"

| 𑑐

𑑑𑑒𑑓𑑔𑑕𑑖𑑗𑑘𑑙
०१२३४५६७८९
0123456789

File:Prachalit digits.png

Unicode

{{Main|Newa (Unicode block)}}

Prachalit Nepal script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0.

The Unicode block for Prachalit Nepal, called Newa, is U+11400–U+1147F:

{{Unicode chart Newa}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite book|title=Alphabet of the Nepalese Scriptbook|author=Rabison Shakya|location=Patan, Nepal|year=2002|ISBN=99933-34-36-7}} Covers Prachalit, Ranjana and Bhujimol, development, current use, information about and drawings of character formation.
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.localisation.ie/sites/default/files/resources/conference%20presentations/2012/Pat%20Hall%20LRC%202012.pdf|title=Problems with Unicode for Languages Unsupported by Computers|first=Pat|last=Hall|date=2012-09-21|access-date=2016-06-24|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152014/https://www.localisation.ie/sites/default/files/resources/conference%20presentations/2012/Pat%20Hall%20LRC%202012.pdf|url-status=dead}}

External links

  • [http://scriptsource.org/entry/hn24jnzrqe ScriptSource] page on Prachalit Nepal script
  • [http://www.easynepalityping.com/newari-fonts-download Fonts] for Prachalit, Ranjana and Brahmi scripts
  • [https://github.com/googlei18n/noto-fonts/tree/master/phaseIII_only/unhinted/ttf Noto Sans Newa] (GitHub) – a Noto font for Newa

{{list of writing systems}}

Category:Newar

Category:Writing systems of Newar language