Pravin Gordhan

Pravin Gordhan was born on 12 April 1949 to an Indian South African family,{{cite web | title=Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan, Mr | website=South African Government | date=12 April 1949 | url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/former-government-leaders/pravin-jamnadas-gordhan-mr | access-date=3 June 2024}} in Durban, and matriculated from Sastri College in 1967.{{Cite web |title=Remembering Pravin Gordhan: A life of activism, public service and derision |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/remembering-pravin-gordhan-a-life-of-activism-public-service-and-derision-20240913 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=City Press |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=13 September 2024 |title=Pravin Gordhan: Veteran South Africa minister dies aged 75 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9858r32dm1o.amp |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}

In 1973 he graduated from the University of Durban-Westville with a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree.{{cite web|title=UKZN confirms Gordhan qualification|date=8 July 2019|first=Sibahle|last=Motha|url=https://www.jacarandafm.com/news/news/ukzn-confirms-gordhan-qualification/}} He completed his pharmacy internship at King Edward VIII Hospital in 1974 and worked there until 1981.{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=David |date=13 September 2024 |title=Pravin Gordhan, respected South African former minister, dies |url=https://african.business/2024/09/politics/pravin-gordhan-respected-south-african-former-minister-dies |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=African Business |language=en-GB}}

Gordhan became associated with members of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in 1971 and was elected to its executive council in 1974.{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/pravin-gordhan-obituary-a-life-of-service-integrity-and-relentless-activism/ar-AA1qvc7U |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=www.msn.com}} During the 1970s, Gordhan helped establish grassroots organizations that became involved in underground activities and associated with the African National Congress (ANC) and later the South African Communist Party (SACP).{{Cite news |title=Indian-origin ex-South African finance minister Pravin Gordhan dies at 75 after battle with cancer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/indian-origin-ex-south-african-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan-dies-at-75-after-battle-with-cancer/amp_articleshow/113315645.cmst-75-after-battle-with-cancer/amp_articleshow/113315645.cms |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}

In 1981 the Natal Provincial Administration dismissed Gordhan from King Edward VIII Hospital for his political activities while he was in detention. He was released from jail in 1982 and received banning orders effective until June 1983.{{Cite web |last=duannamaraj |date=13 September 2024 |title=Obituary: Former finance minister Pravin Gordhan (75) has died |url=https://witness.co.za/news/kzn/2024/09/13/obituary-former-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan-75-has-died/ |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=The Witness |language=en-US}} Gordhan became a key figure in the United Democratic Front (UDF) since 1983 when the NIC became an affiliated organization.{{Cite web |date=13 September 2024 |title=Pravin Gordhan: Veteran South Africa minister dies aged 75 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9858r32dm1o.amp |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}

Gordhan attended the preparatory meeting for the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) in 1991 as a joint NIC/Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) representative, and was appointed NIC/TIC delegate to the steering committee responsible for organising CODESA 1. In 1993 he was appointed to the panel of chairpersons on the planning committee of the multi-party negotiation process.{{Cite web|title = Gordhan, Pravin Jamnadas – The O'Malley Archives|url = https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02426/05lv02500.htm|access-date = 14 December 2015}}

Gordhan was previously the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service from 1999 to 2009.Bakker & Kloosterhof. Tax Risk Management. From risk to opportunity. IBFD. Amsterdam: 2010. 383f. From 1991 and 1994, he chaired the Convention for a Democratic South Africa, and he was the co-Chairman of the Transitional Executive Council, which prepared South Africa for the country's first non-racial election in April 1994.{{cite news | url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/pravin-gordhan-named-sas-new-finance-minister | title=Pravin Gordhan named SA's new Finance Minister | date=10 May 2009 | publisher=South African Government News Agency | access-date=11 January 2019 }}

As a member of parliament from 1994 to 1998, Gordhan chaired the parliamentary committee that focused on the implementation of the new Constitution and the transformation of local government in the post-apartheid.{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/pravin-jamnadas-gordhan|title=Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan|last=Leander|date=26 September 2013|work=South African History Online|access-date=11 November 2017}}

Gordhan was chairman of the World Customs Organization from 2000 to 2006.

On 10 May 2009, President Jacob Zuma appointed Gordhan as Minister of Finance, succeeding Trevor Manuel.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090523044751/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gIpmd1z6B8ZIEgQ6HLfbQKR4QnOw "S.Africa's Zuma makes sweeping changes to cabinet"], AFP, 10 May 2009. On 25 May 2014, he was replaced by Nhlanhla Nene as Minister of Finance.{{cite web | url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/Zumas-chosen-ministers-and-deputy-ministers-20140525 | title=Zuma's chosen ministers and deputy ministers | publisher=News 24 | access-date=25 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211111216/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/Zumas-chosen-ministers-and-deputy-ministers-20140525 | archive-date=11 December 2015 | url-status=dead }}

In 2014, Gordhan was appointed the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs,[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/south-africa-zuma-replaces-finance-minister-151214040945404.html South Africa's Zuma replaces finance minister, again.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220045948/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/south-africa-zuma-replaces-finance-minister-151214040945404.html |date=20 December 2015}} aljazeera.com 14 December 2015. succeeding Lechesa Tsenoli who became Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa.[http://www.anc.org.za/caucus/get_mp.php?q=317 Tsenoli, Lechesa Solomon.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926202417/http://www.anc.org.za/caucus/get_mp.php?q=317 |date=26 September 2015 }} ANC Parliamentary Caucus. Accessed 18 December 2015

On 14 December 2015, Gordhan was re-appointed Minister of Finance, replacing David van Rooyen who had been minister for four days.{{cite news |last=Motsoeneng |first=Tiisetso |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-gordhan-swearingin-idUSKBN0TX0HS20151214 |title=South Africa says no swearing in of new finance minister Gordhan |date=14 December 2015 |work=Reuters|access-date=14 December 2015}}

In 2018, Gordhan was re-appointed to the Cabinet of President Cyril Ramaphosa as Minister of Public Enterprises, taking over from former Minister Lynne Brown. He would oversee state-owned enterprises including the likes of Eskom, SAA, Denel, and others.{{cite news |url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/pravin-gordhan-back-this-time-as-minister-of-public-enterprises-20180226|title=Pravin Gordhan back, this time as Minister of Public Enterprises|date=27 February 2018 |agency=Media24 |access-date=27 February 2018}}

Gordhan did not receive enough branch nominations to be included on the "Top 200" list of people nominated for election to the ANC National Executive Committee ahead of the party's 55th National Conference in December 2022.{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=ANC 55th National Elective Conference – Top 200 NEC Additional Members List |url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/anc-55th-national-conference-top-200-nec-nominations/ |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=ANC 1912}} At the conference, he was one of a number of high-profile ANC leaders to lose their seats on the NEC.{{Cite web |title=Mkhize returns to NEC, Gordhan out in the cold |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2022-12-21-mkhize-returns-to-nec-gordhan-out-in-the-cold/ |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}

Gordhan retired from politics at the end of the sixth administration of South Africa's democratic government. His intention to retire was announced in March 2024.{{Cite web |title=Public Enterprises confirms Minister Pravin Gordhan's intention to retire following elections {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/public-enterprises-confirms-minister-pravin-gordhan%E2%80%99s-intention-retire |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=www.gov.za}}

File:Pravin Gordhan - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg 2012]]

South African journalist Pieter du Toit has written that Gordhan has become target of a smear campaign by people involved in state capture related corrupt activities due to Gordhan's efforts to fight corruption; du Toit names people associated with the Gupta family, Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), and factions within the ANC as being amongst Gordhan's harshest critics whilst also being implicated themselves in possible corrupt activities.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Pieter_du_Toit/pieter-du-toit-how-pravin-gordhan-became-the-principal-enemy-of-the-state-capture-project-20200114|title=Pieter du Toit: How Pravin Gordhan became the principal enemy of the state capture project|date=14 January 2020|website=News24|language=en|access-date=23 January 2020}} Other people and organisations, including the Kathrada Foundation,{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-11-22-kathrada-foundation-slams-malemas-anti-gordhan-smear-campaign/|title=Kathrada Foundation slams Malema's anti-Gordhan 'smear campaign'|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=14 February 2020}} author Pieter-Louis Myburgh,{{Cite book|last=Myburgh|first=Pieter-Louis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQ5bDwAAQBAJ&q=gordhan+smear+campaign+Pieter-Louis+Myburgh&pg=PT348|title=The Republic of Gupta: A Story of State Capture|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2017|isbn=9781776090891|pages=259}} and journalist Ferial Haffajee.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fin24.com/Opinion/Columnists/ferial-haffajee-campaign-against-gordhan-works-as-eskom-reform-stalls-20190725|title=Ferial Haffajee: Campaign against Gordhan works as Eskom reform stalls|date=25 July 2019|website=Fin24|access-date=14 February 2020}} have also stated that Gordhan is the target of smear campaigns.

Controversial businessman Iqbal Survé had repeatedly accused Gordhan of targeting Survé's Sekunjalo Group while Survé and Sekunjalo companies faced fraud investigations by the FSCA and termination of banking services.{{Cite web |title=FSCA raid – two judges rubbish Survé claim of Gordhan link|url=https://jutacomplinews.co.za/diary/complinews/story/fsca-raid-two-judges-rubbish-surve-claim-of-gordhan-link/print/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=jutacomplinews.co.za|date=}} Survé's accusations against Gordhan were found to be baseless and lacking in evidence.{{Cite web |last=Cronje |first=Jan |title=Govt slams Iqbal Survé for 'malicious allegations' about Ramaphosa, Gordhan |url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/govt-slams-iqbal-surve-for-malicious-allegations-about-ramaphosa-gordhan-20220720 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Business |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |date=10 October 2019 |title=Pravin Gordhan hits back at Independent Media owner Iqbal Surve |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-10-10-pravin-gordhan-hits-back-at-independent-media-owner-iqbal-surve/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=Sowetan}}{{Cite web |date=10 October 2019 |title=Gordhan not taking Survé outburst lying down |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-10-11-gordhan-not-taking-surve-outburst-lying-down/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}

Since becoming Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Gordhan's middle name, Jamnadas, has been used extensively by critics, most notably on Twitter, as a pejorative term and dog whistle to highlight his Indian ethnicity in a racially prejudicial way.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-23-pravin-jamnadas-gordhan-a-case-study-when-your-name-is-weaponised-by-haters-on-twitter/|title=POPULIST DOG WHISTLES: Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan, a case study: When your name is weaponised on Twitter|last=Snijman|first=Lia|website=Daily Maverick|date=23 January 2020 |language=en|access-date=24 January 2020}}

On the eve of the 2016 Budget Speech that was to be tabled on 24 February 2016, a list of questions from the Hawks was sent to Gordhan. In total there were 27 questions around the alleged "rogue unit" at South African Revenue Service (SARS).{{Cite web|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/the-27-questions-the-hawks-sent-to-gordhan-20160228|title=The 27 questions the Hawks sent to Gordhan|website=Fin24|access-date=20 May 2016}} Gordhan was the SARS commissioner in 2007, when the so-called rogue unit was set up. He has maintained that it was above board and had ministerial approval.{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/14/gordhan-baffled-by-timing-and-deadline-of-latest-hawks-letter|title=Gordhan 'baffled' by timing and deadline of latest Hawks' letter|website=Business Day Live|access-date=20 May 2016}} Many questioned the timing of the questions sent including Gwede Mantashe, the Secretary General of the African National Congress (ANC).{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/911923804bd308ec83d58796fb2bb898/ANC-questions-timing-of-Hawks-investigation-into-Gordhan|title=SABC News – ANC questions timing of Hawks investigation into Gordhan:Friday 26 February 2016|work=SABC|access-date=20 May 2016}} Gordhan himself was baffled by the questions, having the following to say "Once again, the Hawks and those who instruct them, have no regard for the economic and social welfare of millions". He then sent a letter to the Hawks through his department that he would be unable to meet the deadline imposed. The letter from his office stated that "He will respond in due course, once he has properly examined the questions and ascertained what information, of the information you request, he is able to provide". He also wanted to know from what authority the Hawks asked these questions of him.{{Cite web|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/breaking-gordhan-unable-to-respond-to-hawks-by-deadline-20160302|title=Gordhan hits back, asks Hawks to clarify Sars 'rogue unit' probe|website=Fin24|access-date=20 May 2016}} On 30 March 2016, he replied to the questions put to him by the Hawks.{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/30/gordhan-answers-hawks-questions-about-sars-rogue-unit|title=Gordhan answers Hawks' questions about SARS 'rogue unit'|website=Business Day Live|access-date=20 May 2016}} Gordhan was quoted, "I believe this was meant to intimidate and distract us from the work we had to do in preparing the 2016 Budget".{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/gordhan-slams-distracting-hawks-letter-1990515|title=Gordhan slams 'distracting' Hawks letter|date=26 February 2016|website=IOL|first=Craig|last=Dodds|access-date=12 January 2020}}

In September 2017, international auditing firm KPMG abruptly withdrew all of its findings‚ recommendations, and conclusions around its report into the SARS "rogue spy unit" which had implicated Gordhan. SARS Commissioner Tom Moyane disputed KPMG's withdrawal of the report withdrawal, calling it "unethical conduct", and claimed that the report is not flawed.{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-09-15-kpmg-cans-sars-rogue-unit-report-apologises-to-gordhan/|title=KPMG cans SARS 'rogue unit' report' apologises to Gordhan|access-date=23 October 2017|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/moyane-reiterates-hes-not-happy-with-kpmg-rogue-unit-probe-20171002|title=Moyane reiterates he's not happy with KPMG 'rogue unit' probe|work=Fin24|access-date=23 October 2017}}

In October 2016, South Africa's state prosecutor levied fraud charges against Gordhan for allowing a former colleague at SARS to take early retirement and then re-hiring them as a consultant. Charges were dropped a few days later.{{Cite news|last=Parkinson|first=Joe|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/rand-jumps-after-south-africa-drops-fraud-charges-against-finance-minister-pravin-gordhan-1477908530|title=South African Rand Jumps After Fraud Charges Against Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan Are Dropped|date=31 October 2016|access-date=14 October 2017}}{{subscription required}} In October 2016, Gordhan lodged an application in the North Gauteng High Court to rule that he may not interfere with the major banks' decision to close the Oakbay Investments accounts. In August 2017, the court ruled against his application deeming it unnecessary.{{Cite news|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/just-in-pg-declaratory-relief-app-been-dismissed-20170818|title=Court rules against Gordhan's request for relief in Gupta bank matter|work=Fin24|access-date=16 October 2017}}

In May 2019, Public Protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane released a controversial report recommending that the presidency take disciplinary action against Gordhan for past allegations of fraud at SARS.{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-05-27-pravin-gordhan-vs-busisiwe-mkhwebane-what-you-need-to-know/|title=Pravin Gordhan vs Busisiwe Mkhwebane: what you need to know|last=Nkanjeni|first=Unathi|date=27 May 2019|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=29 July 2019}} Gordhan's legal team challenged Mkhwebane's findings as being "totally wrong both in fact and in law". Mkhwebane publicly denied that it was part of a larger political struggle to target and discredit Gordhan.{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/06/03/mkhwebane-pre-empts-backlash-as-she-issues-gordhan-with-notice|title=Mkhwebane pre-empts 'backlash' as she issues Gordhan with notice|last=Manyathela|first=Clement|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=29 July 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-06-04-busisiwe-mkhwebane-takes-aim-at-pravin-gordhan-in-four-telling-quotes/|title=Busisiwe Mkhwebane takes aim at Pravin Gordhan in four telling quotes|website=SowetanLIVE & Sunday World|language=en-ZA|access-date=29 July 2019}} In July 2019 the Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa ruled that Mkhwebane's action as Public Protector against Gordhan be suspended, pending a judicial review of Mkhwabane's report on the SARS "rogue unit". The judge stated that a number of Mkhwebane's assertions were "vague, contradictory and/or nonsensical".{{Cite web|url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/read-full-judgment-why-the-court-ruled-in-gordhans-favour-20190729|title=Full judgment: Why the court ruled in Gordhan's favour|date=29 July 2019|website=Fin24|access-date=29 July 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-29-public-protectors-remedial-action-against-pravin-gordhan-halted-for-now/|title=Court rules in Pravin Gordhan's favour against Busisiwe Mkhwebane|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=29 July 2019}}

Gordhan was accused of orchestrating the sale of South African Airways (SAA) in "an irregular manner".{{Cite web |last=Nemakonde |first=Vhahangwele |date=20 March 2024 |title=Parliament calls for SIU to probe alleged irregularities in collapsed SAA-Takatso deal |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/calls-for-siu-to-probe-irregularities-saa-takatso-deal/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Citizen |language=en}} Gordhan had planned to sell the state-owned airline for ZAR 51 to the Takatso group, but the deal was scrapped after two years in the making.{{Cite news |publisher=Bloomberg |date=14 March 2024 |title=SAA's R51 sale to Takatso grounded for good |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/760091/saas-r51-sale-to-takatso-grounded-for-good/ |work=BusinessTech}}{{Cite web |last=Zaal |first=Nicholas |date=13 March 2024 |title=Gordhan provides 3 reasons why SAA deal with Takatso has been scrapped |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/business/saa-deal-takatso-scrapped-gordhan-13-march-2024/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Citizen |language=en}} This resulted in UDM leader Bantu Holomisa to call on President Cyril Ramaphosa to fire Gordhan.{{Cite web |last=Seeletsa |first=Molefe |date=29 February 2024 |title='He's made a mess of SAA sale' – Ramaphosa urged to fire Gordhan over Takatso deal |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/ramaphosa-urged-fire-gordhan-saa-takatso-deal/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}

Parliament's portfolio committee on public enterprises referred the matter to the Special Investigative Unit for further investigation, citing the importance of transparency and accountability and concerned about the undervaluation of SAA.{{Cite web |last=Landu |first=Yoliswa |date=20 March 2024 |title=Media Statement: Public Enterprises Committee to Refer Sale of SAA to Special Investigating Unit |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/media-statement-public-enterprises-committee-refer-sale-saa-special-investigating-unit |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}

On 10 September 2024, Gordhan's family announced that he was admitted to hospital.{{Cite web |last=van der Merwe |first=Marelise |title=Former minister Pravin Gordhan admitted to hospital |url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/former-minister-pravin-gordhan-admitted-to-hospital-20240910 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=Business |language=en-US}} At a press conference on 12 September, ANC secretary-general Fikile Mbalula said that Gordhan was in a "critical condition" and receiving the best care in hospital.{{Cite web |last=Zaal |first=Nicholas |date=12 September 2024 |title=Pravin Gordhan critical but receiving 'best care possible' – Mbalula |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/pravin-gordhan-critical-but-receiving-best-care-possible-mbalula/ |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=The Citizen |language=en}} Gordhan died from cancer at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre in Johannesburg, on 13 September. He was 75.{{Cite web |last=Du Toit |first=Pieter |title=Pravin Gordhan, who fought state capture and twice served as finance minister, dies at 75 |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/investigations/pravin-gordhan-who-fought-state-capture-and-twice-served-as-finance-minister-dies-at-75-20240913-2 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}

• University of South Africa, Honorary Doctor of Commerce, May 2007{{Cite web |title=Pravin Gordhan |url=https://www.pa.org.za/person/pravin-gordhan/ |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}
• University of Cape Town, Doctor of Law (honoris causa), June 2007
• Central University of Technology, Doctor of Technology (honoris causa), March 2009
• [http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/businesstimes/2016/11/08/Pravin-Gordhan-named-Business-Leader-of-the-Year-by-SA%E2%80%99s-Top-100-Companies Sunday Times Business Leader of the Year], November 2016{{Cite web |title=Pravin Gordhan announced Business Leader of the Year |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/713/153508.html |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=Bizcommunity |language=en}}
• Henley Business School ([http://www.reading.ac.uk University of Reading], UK), Doctor of Business Administration (honoris causa), November 2018{{Cite web |title=Pravin Gordhan receives honorary doctorate from Henley {{!}} MBA.co.za |url=https://www.mba.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=48&c=8&a=7127&p=3 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=www.mba.co.za}}

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