Priacanthidae
{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Redirect|Bigeye||Bigeye tuna}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Bigeyes
| image = Priacanthus cruentatus.jpg
| image_caption = Glasseye, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus
| taxon = Priacanthidae
| authority = Günther, 1859{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = see text
}}
The Priacanthidae, the bigeyes, are a family of 18 species of marine ray-finned fishes. "Catalufa" is an alternate common name for some members of the Priacanthidae. The etymology of the scientific name ({{transliteration|grc|prioo-}}, to bite + {{transliteration|grc|akantha}}, thorn) refers to the family's very rough, spined scales. The common name of "bigeye" refers to the member species' unusually large eyes, suited to their carnivorous and nocturnal lifestyles. Priacanthidae are typically colored bright red, but some have patterns in silver, dusky brown, or black. Most species reach a maximum total length of about {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}}, although in a few species lengths of over {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} are known.
Most members of this family are native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but four species (Cookeolus japonicus, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, Priacanthus arenatus, and Pristigenys alta) are found in the Atlantic. They tend to live near rock outcroppings or reefs, although a few are known to inhabit open waters. Many species are found in relatively deep waters, below depths reachable by normal scuba diving. Some species are fished for food.
The earliest identified Priacanthidae fossils date to the middle Eocene epoch of the lower Tertiary period, or roughly 40 to 50 million years ago.
Species
Image:Crescent-tail bigeye, Priacanthus hamrur at Little Brother, Red Sea, Egypt SCUBA 2.jpg, Priacanthus hamrur]]
Image:Fish3937 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg, Pristigenys alta]]
File:Bigeye1.JPG) from the Red Sea]]
File:Priacanthus macracanthus (Red Bigeye) from the Philippines.jpg) in a Philippine fish market]]
The 18 species in four genera are:
- Genus Cookeolus Fowler, 1928
- Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) - Longfinned bullseye
- †Cookeolus spinolacrymatus Kon & Yoshino, 1997
- Genus Heteropriacanthus Fitch & Crooke, 1984
- Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacépède, 1801) - Glasseye
- Genus Priacanthus Oken, 1817
- Priacanthus alalaua Jordan & Evermann, 1903 - Alalaua
- Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 - Atlantic bigeye
- Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 - Paeony bulleye
- Priacanthus fitchi Starnes, 1988
- Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775) - Moontail bullseye
- Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier, 1829 - Red bigeye
- Priacanthus meeki Jenkins, 1903 - Hawaiian bigeye
- Priacanthus nasca Starnes, 1988
- Priacanthus prolixus Starnes, 1988 - Elongate bulleye
- Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988 - Arrow bulleye
- Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 - Purple-spotted bigeye
- Priacanthus zaiserae Starnes & Moyer, 1988
- † Priacanthus liui Tao, 1993
- Genus Pristigenys Agassiz 1835
- Pristigenys alta (Gill, 1862) - Short bigeye
- Pristigenys meyeri (Günther, 1872)
- Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier, 1829) - Japanese bigeye
- Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891) - Popeye catalufa
- {{extinct}}Pristigenys substriatus (Blainville, 1818)
Timeline of genera
ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px
PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px
Period = from:-66 till:10
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-66
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-66
TimeAxis = orientation:hor
AlignBars = justify
Colors =
#legends
id:CAR value:claret
id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
id:HER value:teal
id:HAD value:green
id:OMN value:blue
id:black value:black
id:white value:white
id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)
BarData=
bar:eratop
bar:space
bar:periodtop
bar:space
bar:NAM1
bar:NAM2
bar:space
bar:period
bar:space
bar:era
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
shift:(7,-4)
bar:periodtop
from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:eratop
from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData=
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Pristigenys
color:oligocene bar:NAM2 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Priacanthus
PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period
from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era
from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
References
{{Commons category|Priacanthidae}}
{{Reflist}}
- {{FishBase family | family = Priacanthidae | month = January | year = 2006}}
- {{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = Jack | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 |page=560 | year = 2002 | url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class | access-date = 2011-05-19 }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q578926}}
{{Authority control}}