Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Princess María de las Mercedes

| title = Countess of Barcelona

| image = Infanta María de las Mercedes, Countess of Barcelona.jpg

| caption = The Countess of Barcelona, 1951

| alt =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1910|12|23|df=y}}

| birth_place = Palace of Villamejor, Madrid, Spain

| death_date = {{death date and age|2000|1|2|1910|12|23|df=y}}

| death_place = Royal Residence of La Mareta, Lanzarote, Spain

| burial_date = 4 January 2000

| burial_place = El Escorial

| spouse = {{marriage|Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona|1935|1993|end=d}}

| issue = {{plainlist|

}}

| full name = María de las Mercedes Cristina Genara Isabel Luisa Carolina Victoria de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Orléans

| house = Bourbon-Two Sicilies

| father = Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

| mother = Princess Louise of Orléans

}}

File:Coat of arms of Maria Mercedes of Bourbon, Countess of Barcelona as consort of the Pretender to the Spanish Throne.svg

Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies ({{IPA|es|maˈɾi.a meɾˈθeðes|lang}}; María de las Mercedes Cristina Genara Isabel Luisa Carolina Victoria y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Orléans; 23 December 1910 – 2 January 2000) was a member of the Spanish royal family and the mother of King Juan Carlos I.

The daughter of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and Princess Louise of Orléans, she married Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, claimant to the Spanish throne.

Biography

María was born in Madrid, daughter of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain, a grandson of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, and his second wife, Princess Louise of Orléans, daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, a pretender to the French throne. She was granted, at birth, the rank and precedence of an infanta of Spain, although not the actual use of the title, her own being Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Her family moved to Seville, when her father was made Captain General of that province. When the Second Spanish Republic forced them into exile, they lived in Cannes and later in Paris, where she studied art at the Louvre.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

On 14 January 1935, she attended the wedding, in Rome, of Infanta Beatriz of Spain, daughter of King Alfonso XIII, to Alessandro Torlonia, 5th Prince of Civitella-Cesi. There she met the brother of the bride, her third cousin and future husband, the Infante Juan, fourth son and designated heir of Alfonso XIII. They married in Rome on 12 October 1935. When her husband took up Count of Barcelona as a title of pretence on 8 March 1941, María became the Countess of Barcelona.Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 458, 532. (French). {{ISBN|2-908003-04-X}} They had four children.

;Issue

Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (30 July 1936 – 8 January 2020), who married Luis Gomez-Acebo y de Estrada, Viscount de la Torre, on 6 May 1967, and had five children
Juan Carlos I of Spain (born 5 January 1938), who married Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark on 14 May 1962, and had three children
Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria (born 6 March 1939), who married Don Carlos Zurita y Delgado on 12 October 1972, and had two children
Infante Alfonso of Spain (3 October 1941 – 29 March 1956)

They lived in Cannes and Rome, and, with the outbreak of World War II, they moved to Lausanne to live with Queen Victoria Eugenie, the mother of Infante Juan. Afterwards, they resided at Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera.

In 1953, the Countess represented the Spanish Royal Family at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In 1976, one year after the monarchy was restored in Spain in the person of her son, Juan Carlos, they returned to Spain. She mediated between her son and her husband, estranged since Juan Carlos had been designated heir by Franco. In 1977, Juan renounced his rights in favour of their son, who officially allowed him to retain the title of Count of Barcelona.

She broke her hip in 1982 and the left femur in 1985, which forced her to use a wheelchair for the rest of her life. She became a widow in 1993.

She was a fervid fan of bull fighting and of the Andalusian culture.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} In 1995, her granddaughter Infanta Elena married in Seville in part because the Countess' love for the city.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

She was the 1,171st Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa on 4 March 1929.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

She died of a heart attack in the Royal Residence of La Mareta, in Lanzarote, where the royal family had gathered to celebrate the New Millennium.[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DE1E38F930A35752C0A9669C8B63 Maria de Borbon, 89, Mother of Spain's King] She was buried with the honors of a queen at the Royal Crypt of the monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, near Madrid.{{cite news | language = es | url = https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/05/espana/947026806_850215.html | date = 4 January 2000 | title = Honores de reina para la madre de don Juan Carlos | access-date = 2 March 2022 | first = Juan | last = González Ibañez }}

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel

|collapsed=yes |align=center

|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;

|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;

|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;

|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;

|1= 1. Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

|2= 2. Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

|3= 3. Princess Louise of Orléans

|4= 4. Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta

|5= 5. Princess Maria Antonietta of the Two Sicilies

|6= 6. Prince Philippe, Count of Paris

|7= 7. Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans

|8= 8. King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies

|9= 9. Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria

|10= 10. Prince Francis, Count of Trapani

|11= 11. Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria

|12= 12. Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans

|13= 13. Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

|14= 14. Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier

|15= 15. Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain

}}

Honours

;National

{{flag|Spain}}: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III[http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1988/10/15/pdfs/A29811-29811.pdf Royal Decree 1189/1988, of 14 October]. BOE, no.248, 15 October 1988, p 29811.
{{flag|Spain}}: 9th Titular Grand Mistress and 1,171st Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa
{{flag|Spain}}: Dame of the Decoration of the Royal Cavalry Armory of Seville
{{flag|Spain}}: Dame of the Decoration of the Royal Cavalry Armory of Granada
{{flag|Spain}}: Dame of the Decoration of the Royal Cavalry Armory of Valencia
{{flag|Spain}}: Dame of the Decoration of the Royal Cavalry Armory of Zaragoza

;Foreign

{{flagicon|Two Sicilies}} Calabrian House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies: Knight Grand Cross of Justice of the Two-Sicilian Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George{{Cite web |url=http://www.constantinianorder.org/history/the-activities-of-the-order-since-1960.html |title=The activities of the Order since 1960 |access-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210304/http://www.constantinianorder.org/history/the-activities-of-the-order-since-1960.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}
{{flagicon|Greece|royal}} Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Olga and Sophia
{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}: Bailiff Dame Grand Cross of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
{{flag|United Kingdom}}: Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal