Proboscivirus

Proboscivirus is located under the listings of the ICTV Updates as Section §2005.049-050V.04.{{Cite web | url=http://www.ictvonline.org/taxonomyHistory.asp?taxnode_id=20081027&taxa_name=Proboscivirus | title=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)}} With the creation of Proboscivirus as a new genus came the creation and categorization of a new species under this genus, by the name of Elephantid betaherpesvirus 1 (Acronym: EEHV1 and Scientific Name: Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus){{cite journal | last1 = Carstens | first1 = E.B. | last2 = Ball | first2 = L.A. | year = 2009| title = Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2008) | journal = Virology Division News | volume = 154 | issue = 7| pages = 1181–8 | doi=10.1007/s00705-009-0400-2 | pmid=19495937| pmc = 7086627 }} under ICTV §2005.051-050V.04.

It was suggested by Pellett (2014) that the phylogenetic divergence of Proboscivirus from other genera in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae warrants reassignment of the genus to a new subfamily that would be called Deltaherpesvirinae.{{Cite journal|last=Pellett PE|date=2014|title=Commentary: Trunkloads of Viruses|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=88|issue=23|pages=13520–13522|doi=10.1128/JVI.02359-14|pmc=4248977}} However, the genus remains in the Betaherpesvirinae in currently accepted ICTV taxonomy.

The genus consists of the following species:

• Proboscivirus elephantidbeta1, also called Elephantid betaherpesvirus 1
• Proboscivirus elephantidbeta3
• Proboscivirus elephantidbeta4, also called Elephantid betaherpesvirus 4
• Proboscivirus elephantidbeta5, also called Elephantid betaherpesvirus 5

Viruses in Proboscivirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented.

Considering Proboscivirus is a herpesvirus, it is then unique in the sense that morphologically the virus is atypical to other viruses. According to University of Glasgow Immunology & Virology Professor, A.J. Davison, and his research team, the Proboscivirus morphology is a "linear, double-stranded DNA genome of 125-290 kbp contained within a T=16 icosahedral capsid, which is surrounded by [a] proteinaceous [mixture] and lipid envelope containing membrane-associated proteins".Pellet, P.E. Roizman (2006) The Herpesviridae: An introduction. IN: Knipe, DM; Howley, PM; Griffin, DE; Lamb, RA; Martin, MA; Roizman, B; Strauss, SE (eds). Fields Virology, 5th Edition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; pp 2479-2499. Species under the genus Proboscivirus tend to leave physical symptoms of cyanosis of the tongue, mouth/stomach ulcers, oedema of the head (or trunk for Elephants) on its host - often leading to death afterwards.{{cite journal | last1 = Schaftenaar | first1 = W. | last2 = Reid | first2 = C. | last3 = Martina | first3 = B. | last4 = Fickel | first4 = J. | last5 = Osterhaus | first5 = A. D. M. E. | year = 2010 | title = Nonfatal clinical presentation of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus discovered in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) | journal = Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | volume = 41 | issue = 4| pages = 626–632 | doi=10.1638/2009-0217.1| pmid = 21370642 }}

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding.

Elephants serve as the natural host.

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikispecies}}

• [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/525.html Viralzone: Proboscivirus]
• [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp ICTV]

{{Herpesvirales}}

{{Baltimore classification}}

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Category:Betaherpesvirinae

Category:Virus genera