Progress MS-12
{{short description|2019 Russian resupply spaceflight to the ISS}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Progress MS-12
| names_list = Progress 73P
| image = ISS-60 Progress MS-12 approaches the ISS.jpg
| image_caption = Progress MS-12 approaches the ISS
| image_size = 290px
| mission_type = ISS resupply
| operator = Roscosmos
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| mission_duration = 121 days
| spacecraft = Progress MS-12 s/n 442
| spacecraft_type = Progress-MS
| manufacturer = Energia
| dry_mass =
| payload_mass = 3434 kg
| dimensions =
| power =
| launch_date = 31 July 2019, 12:10:46 UTC
| launch_rocket = Soyuz-2.1a (s/n N15000-035)
| launch_site = Baikonur, Site 31/6
| launch_contractor = RKTs Progress
| disposal_type = Deorbited
| decay_date = 29 November 2019, 14:19 UTC
| orbit_reference = Geocentric orbit
| orbit_regime = Low Earth orbit
| orbit_inclination = 51.66°
| apsis = gee
| docking = {{Infobox spaceflight/Dock
| docking_target = ISS
| docking_type = dock
| docking_port = Pirs
| docking_date = 31 July 2019, 15:29 UTC
| undocking_date = 29 November 2019 10:25 UTC
| time_docked = 121 days
}}
| payload_items =
| cargo_mass = 3434 kg
| cargo_mass_press = 1164 kg
| cargo_mass_fuel = 850 kg
| cargo_mass_gas = 51 kg
| cargo_mass_water = 420 kg
| insignia =
| insignia_caption =
| insignia_size =
| programme = Progress flights
| previous_mission = Progress MS-11
| next_mission = Progress MS-13
}}
Progress MS-12 ({{Langx|ru|Прогресс МC-12|italic=yes}}), Russian production No.442, identified by NASA as Progress 73P, was a Progress spaceflight operated by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 164th flight of a Progress spacecraft.
History
The Progress-MS is an uncrewed freighter based on the Progress-M featuring improved avionics. This improved variant first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements:
- New external compartment that enables it to deploy satellites. Each compartment can hold up to four launch containers. First time installed on Progress MS-03.
- Enhanced redundancy thanks to the addition of a backup system of electrical motors for the docking and sealing mechanism.
- Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection with additional panels in the cargo compartment.
- Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities enable telemetry and control even when not in direct view of ground radio stations.
- GNSS autonomous navigation enables real time determination of the status vector and orbital parameters dispensing with the need of ground station orbit determination.
- Real time relative navigation thanks to direct radio data exchange capabilities with the space station.
- New digital radio that enables enhanced TV camera view for the docking operations.
- The Ukrainian Chezara Kvant-V on board radio system and antenna/feeder system has been replaced with a Unified Command Telemetry System (UCTS).
- Replacement of the Kurs A with Kurs NA digital system.
Pre-launch
Launch
Progress MS-12 was launched on 31 July 2019, at 12:10:46 UTC from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, using a Soyuz-2.1a rocket.
Docking
Progress MS-12 docked with the Pirs docking module. The docking took place 3 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds into the mission (a new record time).
Cargo
The Progress MS-12 spacecraft delivered {{cvt|1164|kg}} of dry cargo (in the cargo compartment).
- {{cvt|420|kg}} of water (in the Rodnik-system tanks)
- {{cvt|51|kg}} of oxygen (in pressurized bottles)
- {{cvt|850|kg}} of propellant in the refueling section
- {{cvt|880|kg}} of propellant in the integrated propulsion system to the International Space Station.
- {{cvt|394|kg}} of hardware for onboard systems
- {{cvt|27|kg}} of medical supplies
- {{cvt|1|kg}} of personal protective gear
- {{cvt|190|kg}} of hygiene items
- {{cvt|7|kg}} of repairs and servicing equipment
- {{cvt|20|kg}} of means of crew support
- {{cvt|282|kg}} of food
- {{cvt|13|kg}} of payloads
- {{cvt|38|kg}} of structural components and other hardware
- {{cvt|192|kg}} of NASA cargo.
Undocking and decay
The Progress MS-12 craft undocked from ISS on 29 November 2019 at 10:25 UTC, initiated braking maneuver at 13:39 UTC, re-entered Earth's atmosphere at 14:11 UTC (end of mission), with any remaining debris impacting a remote part of Pacific Ocean at 14:19 UTC.
See also
References
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{{Progress spacecraft}}
{{Uncrewed ISS flights}}
{{Orbital launches in 2019}}
Category:Progress (spacecraft) missions
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2019
Category:Supply vehicles for the International Space Station