Protorthoptera
{{Short description|Extinct order of insects}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Hadentomum americanum.jpg
| image_caption = Hadentomum americanum
| fossil_range= {{fossilrange|318|299}} Middle Carboniferous
| taxon = Protorthoptera
| authority = Handlirsch, 1906
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
- Cacurgida
- Paraplecoptera
- Protoblattodea
- Protoblattoidea
}}
The Protorthoptera are an extinct order of Palaeozoic insects, and represent a wastebasket taxon and paraphyletic assemblage of basal neoptera{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}. They appear during the Middle Carboniferous (late Serpukhovian or early Bashkirian), making them among the earliest known winged insects in the fossil record. Pronotal lobes may be expanded to form a shield. The group includes the ancestors of all other polyneopterous insects.
Families and genera
- †Adeloneuridae {{small|Carpenter, 1938}}
- †Adeloneura {{small|Carpenter, 1938}}
- †Anthracoptilidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1922}}
- †Anthracoptilus {{small|Lameere, 1917}}
- †Anthracothremmidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Anthracothremma {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Melinophlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Pericalyphe {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Silphion {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Apithanidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Apithanus {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Asyncritidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Asyncritus {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Blattinopsidae {{small|Bolton, 1925}} (synonym Oryctoblattinidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}})
- †Blattinopsis {{small|Giebel, 1867}}
- †Glaphyrokoris {{small|Richardson, 1956}}
- †Glaphyrophlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Protoblattiniella {{small|Meunier, 1912}}
- †Cheliphlebidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
- †Cheliphlebia {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Cymbopsidae {{small|Kukalova, 1965}}
- †Cymbopsis {{small|Kukalova, 1965}}
- †Epimastacidae
- †Eucaenidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}} (synonym Teneopteridae)
- †Eucaenus {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Hadentomidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}} (synonym Hadentomoidea {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}})
- †Fabreciella
- †Fayoliella
- †Hadentomum {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Palaeocixius
- †Hapalopteridae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}} (synonym Aenigmatodidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}} & Hapalopteroidea {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}})
- †Aenigmatodes {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Hapaloptera {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Heteroptilidae {{small|Carpenter, 1977}}
- †Heteroptilon {{small|Carpenter, 1977}}
- †Homalophlebiidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Homalophlebia {{small|Brongniart, 1893}}
- †Parahomalophlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Homoeodictyidae
- †Homoeodictyon {{small|Carpenter, 1992}}
- †Pachytylopsidae
- †Pachytylopsis {{small|Borre, 1875}}
- †Protopachytylopsis {{small|Laurentiaux & Laurentiaux-Vieira, 1981}}
- †Symballophlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1904}}
- †Stenoneuridae
- †Eoblattina {{small|Bolton, 1925}}
- †Stenoneura {{small|Brongniart, 1893}}
- †Stereopteridae {{small|Carpenter, 1950}}
- †Stereopterum {{small|Carpenter, 1950}}
- †Strephocladidae {{small|Martynov, 1938}}
- †Homocladus {{small|Carpenter, 1966}}
- †Paracladus {{small|Carpenter, 1966}}
- †Strephocladus {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Stygnidae {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Stygne {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Thoronysididae
- †Thoronysis {{small|Carpenter, 1992}}
- †Incertae sedis
- †Acridites {{small|Germar, 1842}}
- †Adiphlebia {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Agogoblattina {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Anthrakoris {{small|Richardson, 1956}}
- †Archaeologus {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Archimastax {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Atava {{small|Sellards, 1909}}
- †Axiologus {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Chrestotes {{small|Scudder, 1868}}
- †Commentrya {{small|Lameere, 1917}}
- †Didymophleps {{small|Scudder, 1885}}
- †Endoiasmus {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Geraroides {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Gyrophlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Hemerista {{small|Dana, 1864}}
- †Lecopterum {{small|Sellards, 1909}}
- †Megalometer {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Metacheliphlebia {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Miamia {{small|Dana, 1864}}
- †Polyetes {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Pruvostia {{small|Bolton, 1921}}
- †Pseudogerarus {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Pseudopolyernus {{small|Handlirsch, 1906}}
- †Ptenodera {{small|Bolton, 1922}}
- †Schuchertiella {{small|Handlirsch, 1911}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Superclass Hexapoda. Volume 3 of Part R, Arthropoda 4; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
- {{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |name-list-style=amp |title=Evolution of the Insects|date=2005-05-16|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-82149-5}}
{{Orders of Insects|extinct}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q999198}}
Category:Carboniferous insects
Category:Extinct insect orders