Psalter Pahlavi
{{Short description|Abjad which was used for writing Middle Persian on paper}}
{{for|the translated document this writing system is named after|Pahlavi Psalter}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Psalter Pahlavi
| type = Abjad
| typedesc =
| languages = Middle Persian
| time = Mid-6th to 7th century CE
| fam1 = Aramaic alphabet
| fam2 = Pahlavi scripts
| sisters =
| sample = Cross of Herat - Psalter Pahlavi Inscription.png
| caption = Sample of text taken from the Cross of Herat
| imagesize =
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10B80.pdf U+10B80–U+10BAF]
| iso15924 = 132
| footnotes =
| note = none
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special = uncommon Unicode characters
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Psalter Pahlavi
| image = Replacement character.svg
| link = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt = >
| compact = yes
}}
Psalter Pahlavi is a cursive abjad that was used for writing Middle Persian on paper; it is thus described as one of the Pahlavi scripts.{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11147-n4040-psalter-pahlavi.pdf | title=N4040: Proposal for encoding the Psalter Pahlavi script in the SMP of the UCS | first1=Michael | last1=Everson | author-link = Michael Everson | first2=Roozbeh | last2=Pournader | publisher=Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=2011-05-06 }} It was written right to left, usually with spaces between words.
It takes its name from the Pahlavi Psalter, part of the Psalms translated from Syriac to Middle Persian and found in what is now western China.[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pahlavi-psalter Encyclopædia Iranica: Pahlavi Psalter]
Letters
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Letters (Isolated Form) | |||
Name{{efn|The names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters}} | Image | Text | IPA{{cite book | title=The World's Writing Systems | year=1996 | editor1-first=Peter T. | editor1-last=Daniels | editor1-link=Peter T. Daniels | editor2-last=Bright | editor2-first=William | editor2-link=William Bright | publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc | isbn=978-0195079937 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/518 518] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/518 }} |
---|---|---|---|
align=left |Aleph
|28px |{{huge|𐮀}} |/a/, /aː/ | |||
align=left |Beth
|26px |{{huge|𐮁}} |/b/, /w/ | |||
align=left |Gimel
|30px |{{huge|𐮂}} |/g/, /j/ | |||
align=left |Daleth
|26px |{{huge|𐮃}} |/d/, /j/ | |||
align=left |He
|32px |{{huge|𐮄}} |/h/ | |||
align=left |Waw-Ayin-Resh
|32px |{{huge|𐮅}} |/w/, /r/ | |||
align=left |Zayin
|32px |{{huge|𐮆}} |/z/ | |||
align=left |Heth
|30px |{{huge|𐮇}} |/h/, /x/ | |||
align=left |Yodh
|30px |{{huge|𐮈}} |/j/, /ē̆/, /ī̆/, /d͡ʒ/ | |||
align=left |Kaph
|28px |{{huge|𐮉}} |/k/, /g/ | |||
align=left |Lamedh
|32px |{{huge|𐮊}} |/l/, /r/ | |||
align=left |Mem-Qoph
|32px |{{huge|𐮋}} |/m/, /q/ | |||
align=left |Nun
|26px |{{huge|𐮌}} |/n/ | |||
align=left |Samekh
|32px |{{huge|𐮍}} |/s/, /h/ | |||
align=left |Pe
|30px |{{huge|𐮎}} |/p/, /b/, /f/ | |||
align=left |Sadhe
|30px |{{huge|𐮏}} |/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /z/ | |||
align=left |Shin
|30px |{{huge|𐮐}} |/ʃ/ | |||
align=left |Taw
|30px |{{huge|𐮑}} |/t/, /d/ |
Punctuation
Four different large section-ending punctuation marks were used:
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
colspan="2" | Mark | rowspan="2" | Description | |
---|---|---|
Image | Text | |
30px | {{huge|𐮙}} | align=left | Section mark |
30px | {{huge|𐮚}} | align=left | Turned section mark |
30px | {{huge|𐮛}} | align=left | Four dots with cross |
30px | {{huge|𐮜}} | align=left | Four dots with dot |
Numbers
Psalter Pahlavi had its own numerals:
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||||||
colspan="2" | Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rowspan="2" | Sign | Image | ||||||
Text
| {{huge|𐮩}} || {{huge|𐮪}} || {{huge|𐮫}} || {{huge|𐮬}} || {{huge|𐮭}} || {{huge|𐮮}} || {{huge|𐮯}} |
Some numerals have joining behavior (with both numerals and letters). Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 96 is written as {{large|𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮭𐮫𐮫}} (20 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 3 + 3).
Unicode block
{{Main|Psalter Pahlavi (Unicode block)}}
Psalter Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block is U+10B80–U+10BAF:
{{Unicode chart Psalter Pahlavi}}
Notes
{{notes}}