Puck, Poland

File:Puck, kościół par. p.w. śś. Piotra i Pawła, 1283, XIV, XVII 01.JPG Church of Saints Peter and Paul]]

The settlement became a marketplace and a seaport as early as the 7th century. The name, as was common during the Middle Ages, was spelled differently: in a 1277 document Putzc, 1277 Pusecz, 1288 Puczse and Putsk, 1289 Pucz. It was part of Poland, and in 1309, it was annexed by the Teutonic Order. Puck achieved town status in 1348. The town's first hospital was founded in the 14th century.{{Cite web|url=https://muzeumpuck.pl/oddzialy/szpitalik/|title=Szpitalik|website=Muzeum Ziemi Puckiej im. Floriana Ceynowy|access-date=27 June 2020|language=pl}} In the late 14th or the early 15th century, a castle was built.

In 1440, the town joined the Prussian Confederation, which opposed Teutonic rule,{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=XXXVII}} and upon the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon re-incorporated the territory to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. The Teutonic Knights renounced any claims in a 1466 peace treaty.Górski, p. 89-90, 207 It was the seat of local County Administration (Starostwo) within the Pomeranian Voivodeship in the province of Royal Prussia in the Greater Poland Province. The starosts resided in the castle, which was later expanded and also housed the arsenal.{{Cite web|url=http://miastopuck.pl/warto-zobaczyc/|title=Warto zobaczyć|website=MiastoPuck.pl|access-date=27 June 2020|language=pl}}

The Polish kings tried to create a fleet at Danzig (Gdańsk), but the autonomous Hanseatic Danzig would not allow them in their territory. Ships chartered by Poland had to land at Puck in 1567. Poland tried to establish the Polish Navy and gained the use some harbors in Livonia and Finland, but a standing navy never materialized. King Sigismund III Vasa also tried to establish a fleet in his attempts to wrest the crown of Sweden from King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, but it was destroyed in 1628.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} In 1655–1656, Puck was successfully defended during a Swedish siege in time of the Swedish invasion of Poland.{{Cite book|last=Nagielski|first=Mirosław|title=Warszawa 1656|year=2009|publisher=Bellona|location=Warszawa|language=pl|page=11}} The town, including the castle, was spared from serious damage, but the hospital was destroyed. Polish King John III Sobieski funded the construction of a new hospital, completed in 1681.

File:Zaślubiny Polski z morzem (1920).jpg in Puck in 1920]]

In 1772, in the First Partition of Poland, the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 1773, it became part of the newly established province of West Prussia. The Prussian administration dismantled the castle and the remains of the medieval town walls. The town, as Putzig, became part of Germany in 1871. In 1913, it became the garrison of the first planes of the Imperial German Navy.[https://www.welt.de/geschichte/article115906361/Als-Wilhelm-II-seiner-Flotte-das-Fliegen-befahl.html "Marineflieger: Als Wilhelm II. seiner Flotte das Fliegen befahl"] Die Welt, 6 May 2013, {{in lang|de}} After World War I, Poland regained independence and Puck was ceded to the Second Polish Republic in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles. In 1920, Poland celebrated Poland's Wedding to the Sea in Puck. The first actual Polish Navy was founded at the end of World War I in 1918 with some French and British involvement. Puck, the only Polish harbor until Gdynia was built in the 1920s, served as the main harbor of the Polish Navy until World War II.

File:Plaque to citizens of Puck.jpg in 1939]]

Puck was bombed by Nazi Germany at 5.20 a.m. Polish time on Friday September 1, known thereafter as Grey Friday, the first day of the invasion of Poland, which started World War II. Luftwaffe bombers dropped a projectile on the town, which also had an airbase for the Naval Air Squadron and dealt significant damage to the Polish air force units stationed there.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=La5KfmIfGv8C&pg=PA146|title=Westerplatte, Oksywie, Hel 1939|author=Piotr Derdej|publisher=Bellona|year=2009|pages=146–147|id=GGKEY:XBT004NC99S}}

During the subsequent German occupation of Poland, many Poles from the region, including officials, merchants, directors, teachers, judges, priests, notaries, railwaymen, pharmacists, blacksmiths, technicians, postmen and farmers, were imprisoned in Puck and afterwards murdered in the Piaśnica massacre as part of the Intelligenzaktion.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=146–147}} In November 1939, the SS expelled Polish families, which were either murdered in the massacres or deported to Nazi concentration camps.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|page=53|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}} Polish students from local high schools were also massacred in Piaśnica.{{cite book|last=Drywa|first=Danuta|editor-last=Kostkiewicz|editor-first=Janina|year=2020|title=Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)|language=pl|location=Kraków|publisher=Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska|page=181|chapter=Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof}}

In the building of the local brewery in 1940, the Germans created a transit camp in which the racial selection of the expelled Polish inhabitants of the region was carried out.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 67 Those considered to be "racially valuable" were deported to Germanisation camps and labor camps in Germany, and the rest were expelled to the General Government.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 67-68 Poles expelled from Gmina Dziemiany were used as forced labour in the local factory.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 129 The Germans operated a branch of the Stutthof concentration camp in Puck from 1941 to 1944. In 1945, after the war, Puck was restored to Poland.

File:Plaża w Pucku - kitesurfers - beach in Puck (6).jpg

File:PuckU (12).jpg

File:Puck miejsce zaslubin z morzem.JPG and Poland's Wedding to the Sea]]

File:Puck, szpital św. Jerzego (WLZ14).JPG

File:Puck, Urząd Miasta.jpg

• Gothic St Peter and Paul's church (13th century)
• Town Hall (1865)
• Burghers' houses at the old market square, 17th century, rebuilt in the 19th century
• Flooded port (8th-10th century) located some 500 metres from the shore{{cite journal |last1=Pydyn |first1=Andrzej |last2=Popek |first2=Mateusz |last3=Kubacka |first3=Maria |last4=Janowski |first4=Łukasz |title=Exploration and reconstruction of a medieval harbour using hydroacoustics, 3‐D shallow seismic and underwater photogrammetry: A case study from Puck, southern Baltic Sea |journal=Archaeological Prospection |date=2021-05-08 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=527–542 |doi=10.1002/arp.1823|doi-access=free }}
• Remnants of a brick castle (14th century)
• Memorials of gen. Józef Haller and Poland's Wedding to the Sea
• Puck region museum (Muzeum Ziemi Puckiej)
• Former 17th-century hospital, now housing an ethnographic museum
• Wooden pier
• Marina
• Caves in Mechowo
• Coastal Landscape Park (Nadmorski Park Krajobrazowy)

The local football team is Zatoka 95 Puck.{{cite web|url=http://zatoka.futbolowo.pl/index.php|title=UKS Zatoka 95 Puck|access-date=2 January 2021|language=pl}} It competes in the lower leagues.

• Charles VIII of Sweden (1408–1470), lived in the town as a refugee in the 1460s.
• Heinrich Joseph Horwitz (1824–1899), German liberal politician
• Heinrich Edwin Rickert (1833–1902), German journalist and liberal politician
• Stanisław Jaskułka (born 1958) a retired Polish long jumper, came fifth with 8.13 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics
• Daniel Pliński (born 1978) a former Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team from 2005 to 2010, competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Sławek Jaskułke (born 1979), pianist, composer and arranger
• Marcin Wika (born 1983) a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team from 2008 to 2009, competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Jakub Biskup (born 1983) a Polish footballer, over 250 pro games
• Adam Łapeta (born 1987) a Polish professional basketball player

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Puck, Poland is twinned with:

• Hel
• Jastarnia
• Amber Road

{{Reflist}}

{{commons|Puck}}

• [http://www.miasto.puck.pl/ Puck on-line]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050112151258/http://www.mzp.puck.pl/ Puck region museum (Muzeum Ziemi Puckiej)]
• [http://nadmorski-pk.kaszuby.pl/ Seaside Landscape Park (Nadmorski Park Krajobrazowy)]
• [http://www.stat.gov.pl/bdren/bdrap.dane_cechter.czaskatpoag?P_NTS_ID=11&P_SZUKANIE=&P_TERY_ID=2788 Statistics on Puck - Central Statistical Office (en)]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070105035535/http://miasto.puck.pl/mapa/puck.php Map of the town]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040926234148/http://217.153.152.212/atlas/mapa.php?msc=2&sl=10 Puck on the map of Poland]
• [http://www.hompuck.org/ HOM Puck – Scout Sailing Centre in Puck (pl)]
• [http://www.wodniacyhufcapuck.xn.pl Stare fotografie miasta Puck]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130517172527/http://www.miasto-puck.com/ Puck ® 2013]

{{Puck County|state=autocollapse}}

{{Gmina Puck|state=autocollapse}}

{{Polish coast|state=autocollapse}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Pomeranian Voivodeship

Category:Coastal cities and towns in Poland

Puck

Category:Seaside resorts in Poland