Puto (bug)
{{Short description|Genus of true bugs}}
{{About|the genus of scale insects|other meanings|Puto (disambiguation){{!}}Puto}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Puto
| authority = Signoret, 1875
| display_parents = 2
| synonyms = Macrocerococcus Leonardi, 1907
}}
Puto is a genus of insects described as giant mealybugs, although it is the only extant genus in different family Putoidae; it was originally described by Victor Antoine Signoret in 1875.Signoret VA (1875) "Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères - Coccides), 15e partie" Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (serie 5)
Hosts
Description
The adult female is oval and up to five millimetres long and concealed by tufts of powdery white wax. If the wax is removed, two longitudinal black stripes can be seen on the upper surface of the body and the wax glands are large and conspicuous. The legs and antennae are well developed and a dark colour.{{cite web |url=http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalekeys/scalefamilies/key/scale%20families/media/html/scalefamilies/Families/Putoidae/Pmexicanus.html |publisher=USDA Agricultural Research Service |title=Family: Putoidae |access-date=February 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011004053/http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/ScaleKeys/ScaleFamilies/key/Scale%20Families/Media/Html/ScaleFamilies/Families/Putoidae/Pmexicanus.html |archive-date=October 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}
Life cycle
There are generally four instars in the female and five in the male. In many species there is a single generation each year and the first instar is the overwintering stage. Puto sandini however takes four years to complete its life cycle.{{cite journal |author=R. I. Washburn |year=1965 |title=Description and bionomics of a new species of Puto from Utah (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=293–297 |doi=10.1093/aesa/58.3.293 }}
Species
The current scientific consensus appears to be based on the two-subgenus proposal by Gavrilov-Zimin & Danzig;Gavrilov-Zimin IA, Danzig EM (2012) Taxonomic position of the genus Puto Signoret (Homoptera: Coccinea: Pseudococcidae) and separation of higher taxa in Coccinea. Zoosystematica Rossica 21(1): 97–111. the following species, recorded from the Americas, mainland Europe and SE Asia, are included in BioLib.cz (as separate genera):
=''Puto'' subgenus ''Ceroputo''=
Authority: Šulc, 1897[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1999805/ BioLib.cz: Genus Ceroputo Šulc, 1897] (retrieved 16 May 2024)
- Puto (Ceroputo) graminis {{Au|Danzig, 1972}}
- Puto (Ceroputo) liquidambaris {{Au|Zhang & Watson, 2023}}
- Puto (Ceroputo) mimicus {{Au|(McKenzie, 1967)}}
- Puto (Ceroputo) pilosellae {{Au|Šulc, 1898}} ("hairy mealybug")
- Puto (Ceroputo) vaccinii {{Au|Danzig, 1897}}
=''Puto'' subgenus ''Puto''=
Authority: Signoret, 1875[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id101503/ BioLib.cz: genus Puto Signoret, 1875] (retrieved 14 May 2024) - list incomplete:
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- Puto antennatus {{Au|Signoret, 1875}} ("conifer mealybug"){{Cite journal|author=Reyne, A.|year=1954|title=A redescription of Puto antennatus Sign. (Homoptera: Coccidea); with notes on Ceroputo pilosellae Sulc and Macrocerococcus superbus Leon|journal=Zoologische Mededelingen|volume=32|issue=24|pages=291–324|url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150222|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231184858/http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150222|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=live}}
- Puto acirculus
- Puto albicans
- Puto ambigua
- Puto ambiguus
- Puto antennatus
- Puto antioquensis
- Puto arctostaphyli
- Puto atriplicis
- Puto barberi
- Puto borealis
- Puto brunnitarsis {{Au|(Signoret, 1875)}}
- Puto bryanthi
- Puto calcitectus
- Puto californicus
- Puto cupressi
- Puto decorosus
- Puto echinatus
- Puto euphorbiaefolius
- Puto israelensis {{Au|Ben-Dov, 2001}}
- Puto janetscheki {{Au|Balachowsky, 1953}}
- Puto kosztarabi
- Puto lasiorum
- Puto laticribellum
- Puto mexicanus
- Puto marsicanus {{Au|Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1993}}
- Puto mimicus
- Puto nulliporus
- Puto orientalis {{Au|Danzig, 1978}}
- Puto pacificus
- Puto palinuri {{Au|Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1993}}
- Puto pricei
- Puto profusus
- Puto sandini {{Au|Washburn, 1965}}
- Puto simmondsiae
- Puto superbus {{Au|(Leonardi, 1907)}}
- Puto yuccae
{{div col end}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/123699-Puto/browse_photos Images at iNaturalist]
- {{wikispecies inline|Puto|Puto}}
{{taxonbar|from=Q19686517|from2=Q27596919}}