Pyotr Shchurovsky
{{Short description|Ukrainian composer and musician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pyotr Shchurovsky
| image = Пётр Щуровский (cropped).jpg
| native_name = {{nobold|Пётр Щуровский}}
| native_name_lang = ru
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|12 February|1850|24 February}}
| birth_place = Zolotonoshsky Uyezd, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire
| death_date = {{OldStyleDate|14 September|1908|27 September}} (aged 58)
| death_place = Kursky Uyezd, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire
| burial_place = {{Interlanguage link|Vsehsvyatskoe Cemetery|lt=Vsehsvyatskoe Cemetery|ru|Всехсвятское кладбище (Тула)|WD=}}, Tula, Russia.
| nationality = Ukrainian, Russian Empire
| alma_mater = Moscow Conservatory
| occupation = Writer, composer, musician
| known_for = Composing the music for Sansoen Phra Barami
| spouse = Vera Ivanovna Shchurovskaya
}}
Pyotr Andreyevich Shchurovsky{{Efn|Sometimes romanized as Petro or Pyotr Andreevich Schurovsky}} ({{Langx|ru|Пётр Андреевич Щуровский}}; 12/24 February 1850 – 14/27 September 1908) was a Ukrainian composer known for composing the music of Sansoen Phra Barami.
Life
Shchurovsky was born on 12 February 1850,{{Cite web |title=ФЭБ: Лермонтов в музыке: Справочник. — 1983 (текст) |url=http://feb-web.ru/feb/lermont/biblio/lvm/lvm-001-.htm |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=feb-web.ru}} in Zolotonoshsky Uyezd, Poltava Governorate into a noble family. He spent his early life in Moscow and was interested in instruments and music when he was young. He studied piano and music theory at the Moscow Conservatory, whose director at the time was Nikolai Rubinstein. During that time he also befriended Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, his teacher.{{Cite web |title=Letter 348 - Tchaikovsky Research |url=https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/Letter_348 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=en.tchaikovsky-research.net}} After finishing, he began conducting at the Imperial Theatres in Moscow and organised concerts and musical lectures.{{Cite web |title=Pyotr Shchurovsky - Tchaikovsky Research |url=https://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/Pyotr_Shchurovsky |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=en.tchaikovsky-research.net}}{{Cite web |title=Курск. Гордость земли курской. П. А. ЩУРОВСКИЙ |url=http://old-kursk.ru/book/zemlaki/shurovsky.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008072619/http://old-kursk.ru/book/zemlaki/shurovsky.html |archive-date=2014-10-08 |access-date=2012-12-27}} He was the organizer of musical education in Poltava, where he also tutored Ukrainian composer {{Interlanguage link|Gordiy Pavlovich Gladky|uk|Гладкий Гордій Павлович}}.{{Cite web |title=Shchurovsky Petro - Ukrainian Musical World |url=https://musical-world.com.ua/en/artists/shchurovsky-petro/#:~:text=Biography,trained%20Ukrainian%20composer%20Hordii%20Hladkyi |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en-GB}}
In 1870, he became an opera band leader in Kharkiv. Later, he became the head of the Bolshoi Theatre, one of the most famous music theatres in Russia but then resigned to continue giving lectures on music. He dedicated his romance "To You, My Friend" to his long-time friend, Pavel A. Khokhlov, a famous Bolshoi Theatre soloist and baritone{{Cite web |title=Portrait of Pavel Khokhlov as Eugene Onegin in P. Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin" |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/portrait-of-pavel-khokhlov-as-eugene-onegin-in-p-tchaikovsky%E2%80%99s-opera-%E2%80%9Ceugene-onegin%E2%80%9D/9gHNJnR2Edwn6g |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}} in Russia. Shchurovsky, Khokhlov, and Tchaikovsky were, according to his wife Vera Ivanovna Shchurovskaya (née Ofrosimova)'s memoirs, reportedly great friends, who even had shared nicknames for each other, being "Pe‑Cha", "Pe‑Kha", and "Pe‑Shcha".{{Cite web |title=«Пе-ча, пе-ха, пе-ща» |url=https://ferumnews.ru/news/istoriya/pe-cha-pe-xa-pe-scha/#:~:text=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%20%D0%A9%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%C2%AD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B,%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=ferumnews.ru |language=ru}}
In 1888,{{Cite book |last=Khotchayut |first=Lōētchāi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6GfAAAAMAAJ |title=ไทยลูกทุ่ง: ชีวิตและงานเพลงอมตะของเหล่าปรมาจารย์ ราชันและราชินีลูกทุ่ง |date=1995 |publisher=Samnakphim Matichon |isbn=978-974-7115-18-5 |language=th}}{{Cite book |last=Čharœ̄nsuk |first=Sukrī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eC0jAAAAMAAJ |title=99 ปีเพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี |date=1987 |publisher=Phāk Wichā Dontrī, Witthayālai Khrū Bān Somdet Čhaophrayā |isbn=978-974-7443-27-1 |language=th}} Shchurovsky took part in a contest organized by King Rama V to create a new anthem for Siam. He sent a score to the Siamese ambassador in Paris who then sent the score to Siam, where the King selected his composition as the winning entry, rewarding him with a commemorative gift.{{Cite web |title=Как русский композитор написал гимн Таиланда {{!}} Читать статьи по истории РФ для школьников и студентов |url=https://histrf.ru/read/articles/kak-russkii-kompozitor-napisal-ghimn-tailanda |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=histrf.ru}} This would later be the music to Sansoen Phra Barami which would later become the de facto national anthem of Siam until 1932, where it is now used as the current royal anthem of Thailand.
In 1889, he moved to a farmstead in Shchigrovsky Uyezd, Kursk Governorate where his wife Vera Ivanovna Shchurovskaya (née Ofrosimova), a singer, owned an estate.
Shchurovsky sometimes translates works about music. He wrote the opera Bohdan Khmelnytsky (premiered 1883), which is about Ruthenian military commander Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and began an opera titled Kuznets Vakula ("Blacksmith Vakula"), which remained unfinished. He composed around thirty vocal romances and various piano pieces (many setting Russian and European poems). Shchurovsky wrote a book about musical instructions and in 1890, he gathered different national anthems and published them as a book, titled "Сборник национальных гимнов всех государств света" (Collection of national anthems of all countries of the world){{Cite book |url=https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_001996912/ |title=Сборник национальных гимнов всех государств света - Сост. П. Щуровским; С предисл. |date=1890 |language=ru}}
Shchurovsky died on {{OldStyleDate|14 September|1908|27 September}} in Kursk.{{Cite web |title=38547267 |url=https://viaf.org/viaf/38547267/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=viaf.org}}{{Cite web |title=Zemlaki / Shurovsky |url=http://www.old.kurskcity.ru/book/zemlaki/shurovsky.html}} He is buried in the {{Interlanguage link|Vsehsvyatskoe Cemetery|lt=Vsehsvyatskoe Cemetery|ru|Всехсвятское кладбище (Тула)|WD=}}, Tula.{{Cite web |title=ЩУРОВСКИЙ, Пётр Андреевич |url=https://mke.su/doc/SchUROVSKII%20PA.html |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=mke.su}}
Works
Shchurovsky's works are mostly full of romances and music to poems:
- Моя баловница
- Богдан Хмельницкий
- Ночная дума
- Песнь Гассана
- Тебе мой друг
- Sansoen Phra Barami
- Ангел смерти
- Где твоё личико смуглое
- И моя звёздочка
- Когда печаль слезой невольной
- Летняя песня
- Mädchen mit dem roten Mündchen
- Мать в сердцах меня журила
- Моя баловница
- Не долго длились наши встречи
- Не ошиблася ты
- О, пойми, что любовь обладает
- Острою секирой
- Первая любовь
- Помнишь ли, милый
- Речная Лилея
- Романс Нины
- Saphire sind die Augen dein
- Сирота
- Совет девушке
- Только до слуха коснётся
- Убаюкай, родная, больную меня
- Вверху одна горит звезда
- Желания
- Желание
- Желанья
- Зимний вечер
- Звезда, не обмани{{Cite web |title=Pyotr Andreyevich Shchurovsky Song Texts {{!}} LiederNet |url=https://www.lieder.net/lieder/get_settings.html?ComposerId=5723 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=www.lieder.net}}
Notes
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