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Qajar dynasty#Migration of Caucasian Muslims

{{Short description|Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin (1789–1925)}}

{{About|the Iranian royal dynasty|the country under its rule|Qajar Iran}}

{{Redirect|Qajars||Qajar (disambiguation)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox royal house

| surname = Qajar

| coat of arms = Imperial Emblem of the Qajar Dynasty (Lion and Sun).svg

| coat_of_arms_caption = Coat of arms of the Qajar dynasty

| image =

| image_caption =

| parent house = Qajar tribe

| country = Guarded Domains of Iran

| founding year = 1789

| founder = Agha Mohammad Shah

| current head =

| final ruler = Ahmad Shah

| titles = Shah of Iran

| deposition = 1925

| cadet branches = Amirsoleimani, Bahmani

}}

The Qajar dynasty ({{langx|fa|دودمان قاجار|translit=Dudemâne Ǧâjâr}}; 1789–1925){{efn|Also romanized as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.}} was an Iranian{{harvnb|Amanat|1997|p=2}}: "In the 126 years between the fall of the Safavid state in 1722 and the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah, the Qajars evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Iran into a Persian dynasty with all the trappings of a Perso-Islamic monarchy." royal dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan ({{reign|1789|1797}}) of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman{{Sfn|Sümer|1978}} Qajar tribe.

The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's Majlis, convening as a constituent assembly on 12 December 1925, declared Reza Shah, a former brigadier-general of the Persian Cossack Brigade, as the new shah of Pahlavi Iran.

List of Qajar monarchs

class="wikitable" style="width:69%; text-align:center;"
width="5%" | No.

! width="5%" | Shah

! width="80px" | Portrait

! width="10%" | Reigned from

! width="10%" | Reigned until

! width="10px" | Tughra

colspan=9 style="background:#B9B9B9" |
1

| Mohammad Khan Qajar

| 80px

| 1789{{cite encyclopedia|title=ĀḠĀ MOḤAMMAD KHAN QĀJĀR|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|year=1984|volume=I/6|pages=602–605|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/aga-mohammad-khan|last1=Perry|first1=J. R.|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater|quote= in Ramażān, 1210/ March, 1796, he was officially crowned shah of Iran.}}

| 17 June 1797

|File:Mohammad Khan stamp.jpg

2

| Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 17 June 1797

| 23 October 1834

|File:Fat′h-Ali_Shah_stamp.jpg

3

| Mohammad Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 23 October 1834

| 5 September 1848

|File:Mohammad_Shah_stamp.jpg

4

| Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 5 September 1848

| 1 May 1896

|File:Naser_al-Din_Shah_stamp.jpg

5

| Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 1 May 1896

| 3 January 1907

|File:Mozaffar_al-Din_Shah_stamp.jpg

6

| Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 3 January 1907

| 16 July 1909

|File:Mohammad_Ali_Shah_stamp.jpg

7

| Ahmad Shah Qajar

| 80px

| 16 July 1909

| 31 October 1925

|File:Ahmad_Shah_stamp.jpg

Qajar imperial family

{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2020}}

The Qajar Imperial Family in exile is currently headed by the eldest descendant of Mohammad Ali Shah, Sultan Mohammad Ali Mirza Qajar, while the Heir Presumptive to the Qajar throne is Mohammad Hassan Mirza II, the grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, Sultan Ahmad Shah's brother and heir. Mohammad Hassan Mirza died in England in 1943, having proclaimed himself shah in exile in 1930 after the death of his brother in France.

Today, the descendants of the Qajars often identify themselves as such and hold reunions to stay socially acquainted through the Kadjar (Qajar) Family Association,{{cite web|url=http://www.kadjarfamily.org/ |title=Qajar People |publisher=Qajars |access-date=31 October 2012}} often coinciding with the annual conferences and meetings of the

International Qajar Studies Association (IQSA). The Kadjar (Qajar) Family Association was founded for a third time in 2000. Two earlier family associations were stopped because of political pressure. The offices and archives of IQSA are housed at the International Museum for Family History in Eijsden.

=Titles and styles=

The shah and his consort were styled Imperial Majesty. Their children were addressed as Imperial Highness, while male-line grandchildren were entitled to the lower style of Highness; all of them bore the title of Shahzadeh or Shahzadeh Khanoum.{{Cite web|url=http://www.qajarpages.org/qajtitles.html|title=Qajar (Kadjar) Titles and Appellations|website=www.qajarpages.org|access-date=31 May 2020}}

=Qajar dynasty since 1925=

; Heads of the Qajar Imperial Family

The headship of the Imperial Family is inherited by the eldest male descendant of Mohammad Ali Shah.

; Heirs Presumptive of the Qajar dynasty

The Heir Presumptive is the Qajar heir to the Persian throne.

Extended Family

  • Qajar descendants of Jwamer Agha, Princesses of Qajar, great-great or great-great-great grandchildren of Naseruddin Shah Qajar.Awene Kurdish Article about Jwamer Agha Hamawand in Sorani by AweneThe Royal Harem of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–96): The Literary Portrayal of Women's Lives by Taj al-Saltana and Anonymous 'Lady from Kerman'

"Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity" by Taj al-Saltaneh

Notable members

File:Bahram-Mirza Moezzedoleh I.jpg]]

; Politics

; Military

File:Aleksander Petrovich Reza Qoli Mirza Qajar in Russian military uniform.png|Aleksander Petrovich Reza Qoli Mirza (1869-1941)

File:Feyzulla Mirza Qovanlu-Qajar.JPG|Feyzullah Mirza Qajar (1872-1920)

File:Amanullah Mirza Jahanbani.png|Amanullah Mirza Jahanbani (1869-1912){{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pk6820_ghain94_daal48_1368 |title=برخورد جهان اسلام با مسئله افغانستان. |date=1989 |publisher=University of Arizona Libraries}}

File:General Nader Jahanbani.png|Nader Jahanbani (1928-1979)

; Social work

; Business

Religion

; Women's rights

  • Princess Taj-al-Saltaneh Qajar, daughter of Naser-din-Shah, co-founder of the first Iranian women's rights movement Anjoman Naswan, author of a memoir, painter
  • Princess Mohtaram Eskandari, intellectual and pioneering figures in Iranian women's movement.{{sfn|Paidar|1997|page=95}}
  • Iran Teymourtash (Légion d'honneur), journalist, editor and publisher of the newspaper Rastakhiz, founder of an association for helping destitute women. Daughter of court minister Abdolhossein Teymourtash and through both her maternal grandparents a Qajar.L. A. Ferydoun Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn (Khosrovani) (ed.), "Qajar Studies". Journal of the International Qaja Studies Association, vol. X–XI, Rotterdam, Gronsveld, Santa Barbara and Tehran 2011, p. 220.

; Literature

Princess Taj-al-Saltaneh Qajar, daughter of Naser-din-Shah, First Iranian woman to write a memoir, co-founder of the first Iranian women's rights movement Anjoman Naswan, author of a memoir, painter

  • Prince Iraj, Iranian poet and translator
  • Sadegh Hedayat, a Qajar descendant through the female line
  • Anvar Khamei, the Iranian economist, politician, and sociologist.

; Entertainment

Family tree

{{Main|Qajar dynasty family tree}}

Mothers of Qajar Shahs

{{Main|Mothers of Qajar Shahs}}

See also

Notes

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

Citations

{{reflist}}

Sources

  • {{cite book | last = Atabaki | first = Touraj | title = Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers | publisher = I.B. Tauris | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1860649646}}
  • {{cite conference|last1=Bournoutian|first1=George A.|author-link=George A. Bournoutian|title=The Population of Persian Armenia Prior to and Immediately Following its Annexation to the Russian Empire: 1826–1832|date=1980|publisher=The Wilson Center, Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies|conference=Nationalism and social change in Transcaucasi}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Bournoutian|first1=George A.|title=A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present)|date=2002|publisher=Mazda Publishers|isbn=978-1568591414|edition=2|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00geor}}
  • {{cite encyclopedia | title = BANĀN, ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN | last = Caton | first = M. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banan-golam-hosayn | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 1988 }}
  • {{cite book|last1=Dowling|first1=Timothy C.|title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1598849486}}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Fisher | first1 = William Bayne | last2 = Avery | first2= P. | last3 = Hambly | first3 = G. R. G | last4 = Melville | first4 = C. | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&q=agha+muhammad+khan+invade+georgia | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0521200950}}
  • {{cite encyclopedia | article = EREKLE II | last = Hitchins | first = Keith | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/erekle-ii | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica |volume=VIII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 541–542 | year = 1998 | title = EREKLE II – Encyclopaedia Iranica }}
  • {{cite book | last1 = Holt | first1 = P.M. | last2 = Lambton | first2= Ann K.S. | last3 = Lewis | first3 = Bernard | title = The Cambridge History of Islam | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0yPHRapmT-QC&q=16+July+1909+majlis+ahmad+shah&pg=PA597 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1977 | isbn = 978-0521291361}}
  • {{cite encyclopedia | article = EREVAN | last1 = Kettenhofen | first1 = Erich | last2 = Bournoutian | first2 = George A. | last3 = Hewsen | first3 = Robert H. | author-link3 = Robert H. Hewsen | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica |volume=VIII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 542–551 | year = 1998 }}
  • {{cite book | last = Kohn | first = George C. | title = Dictionary of Wars | publisher = Infobase Publishing | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1438129167}}
  • {{cite book | last = Mikaberidze | first = Alexander | title = Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia | volume = 1 | publisher = ABC-CLIO | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1598843361}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1442241466|edition=2nd}}
  • Gvosdev, Nikolas K.: Imperial policies and perspectives towards Georgia: 1760–1819, Macmillan, Basingstoke 2000, {{ISBN|0-312-22990-9}}
  • Lang, David M.: The last years of the Georgian Monarchy: 1658–1832, Columbia University Press, New York 1957
  • {{cite book | last = Paidar | first = Parvin | title = Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1997 | isbn = 9780521595728}}
  • {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic | year = 1991 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | last = Perry | first = John | chapter = The Zand dynasty | pages = 63–104 | isbn = 9780521200950 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&q=false}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Suny|first1=Ronald Grigor|author-link1=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation|date=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0253209153}}
  • {{EI2|last=Sümer|first=Faruk|title=Ḳād̲j̲ār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kadjar-SIM_3767?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Kadjar|page=387|volume=4}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Amanat |first=Abbas |url=https://archive.org/details/pivotofuniversen0000aman |title=Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-520-08321-9 |pages=}}

External links

{{commons category}}

{{EB1911 Poster|Persia|Qajar dynasty}}

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605003321/http://www.qajarpages.org/ The Qajar (Kadjar) Pages]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110204140042/http://qajarstudies.org/ The International Qajar Studies Association]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20131003163345/http://www.darolqajar.com/ Dar ol-Qajar]
  • [http://www.kadjarfamily.org/ Qajar Family Website]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080426091748/http://www.worldisround.com/articles/255115/index.html Some Photos of Qajar Family Members]
  • [http://www.qajarwomen.org/ Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran Digital Archive by Harvard University]
  • [http://hdl.handle.net/10622/ARCH03181 Qajar Documentation Fund Collection] at the International Institute of Social History

{{S-start}}

{{S-royalhouse|Qajar dynasty}}

{{S-bef|before=Afsharid dynasty|before2=Zand dynasty}}

{{S-ttl|title=Ruling house of Iran|years=1796–1925}}

{{S-aft|after=Pahlavi dynasty}}

{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1780s establishments in Iran

Category:1785 establishments in Asia

Category:1925 disestablishments in Iran

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Category:Middle Eastern dynasties

Category:Shia dynasties