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Quota Management System

{{Short description|New Zealand fishery management programme}}

The Quota Management System (QMS) is a type of individual fishing quota that is used in New Zealand to manage fish stocks.

New Zealand fishing industry

Seafood is one of New Zealand's largest export markets, with 85% of catches being exported. Over 90% of the total revenue raised by the country's fishing industry comes from exported stocks, raising NZ$3 billion annually. The most valuable species is the hoki, Macruronus novaezelandiae.

For the purposes of QMS, New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is divided into ten quota management regions. A separate quota is defined for each species in each region, depending on the species' distributions, ranging from a single fishing quota market for the hoki to eleven for the abalone Haliotis iris.

History

New Zealand is "the world leader in implementing IFQs". QMS was introduced by the Fisheries Amendment Act 1986,{{cite book |author=James MacGregor, Katia Karousakis & Ben Groom |title=Using Economic Incentives to Conserve CITES-listed Species. A Scoping Study on ITQs for Sturgeon in the Caspian Sea |publisher=IIED |isbn=978-1-84369-529-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFA367LNTIYC&pg=PA14}} initially covering 26 marine species.{{cite book |editor=Wallace E. Oates |editor-link=Wallace E. Oates |year=2006 |title=The RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Policy |edition=2nd |publisher=Resources for the Future/mrs. Schofeild |isbn=978-1-933115-17-7 |chapter=Catching market efficiencies: quota-based fisheries management |author=James Sanchirico & Richard Newell |pages=131–135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YygApRKoPesC&pg=PA132}} The following year, it covered 30 species, and by 2005, it covered 93 species, out of the 140 commercial species in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). These comprised 550 separate fishing quota markets. QMS will eventually be extended to cover all living marine resources that are commercially exploited, including invertebrates, but excluding marine mammals.

Total allowable commercial catch

class="wikitable sortable"

! Species code !! Name !! TACC (kg){{cite web |url=http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Page.aspx?pk=16&tk=114 |title=Stock Status |publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries |access-date=January 11, 2012}}

ANCAnchovyalign='right'| 560,000
ANGFreshwater eelsalign='right'| 420,150
BARBarracoutaalign='right'| 32,672,461
BCOBlue codalign='right'| 2,681,496
BIGBigeye tunaalign='right'| 714,000
BNSBluenosealign='right'| 2,335,000
BUTButterfishalign='right'| 162,000
BWSBlue sharkalign='right'| 1,860,000
BYAFrilled venus shellalign='right'| 16,000
BYXAlfonsinoalign='right'| 2,995,700
CDLCardinalfishalign='right'| 2,548,000
CHCRed crabalign='right'| 48,000
COCCocklealign='right'| 3,214,000
CRASpiny red rock lobsteralign='right'| 2,792,839
DANRinged dosiniaalign='right'| 203,000
DSUSilky dosiniaalign='right'| 8,000
ELEElephant fishalign='right'| 1,283,500
EMABlue mackerelalign='right'| 11,550,000
FLAFlatfishalign='right'| 5,418,800
FROFrostfishalign='right'| 4,019,000
GARGarfishalign='right'| 50,000
GLMGreen-lipped musselalign='right'| 1,720,000
GMUGrey mulletalign='right'| 1,005,601
GSCGiant spider crabalign='right'| 419,000
GSHGhost sharkalign='right'| 3,012,000
GSPPale ghost sharkalign='right'| 1,780,000
GURGurnardalign='right'| 5,181,187
HAKHakealign='right'| 13,211,143
HOKHokialign='right'| 120,010,000
HORHorse musselalign='right'| 29,000
HPBHapuku and bassalign='right'| 2,181,600
JDOJohn Doryalign='right'| 1,140,400
JMAJack mackerelalign='right'| 60,547,234
KAHKahawaialign='right'| 2,728,000
KBBBladder kelpalign='right'| 1,509,600
KICKing crabalign='right'| 90,000
KINKingfishalign='right'| 200,000
KWHKnobbed whelkalign='right'| 67,000
LDOLookdown doryalign='right'| 783,000
LEALeatherjacketalign='right'| 1,431,000
LFELong-finned eelalign='right'| 82,000
LINLingalign='right'| 22,226,000
MAKMako sharkalign='right'| 406,000
MDITrough shellalign='right'| 160,000
MMILarge trough shellalign='right'| 180,000
MOKBlue mokialign='right'| 608,112
MOOMoonfishalign='right'| 527,000
OEOOreoalign='right'| 18,860,000
ORHOrange roughyalign='right'| 8,221,000
OYSDredge oysteralign='right'| 15,544,000
PADPaddle crabalign='right'| 765,000
PARParorealign='right'| 84,000
PAUPāuaalign='right'| 1,058,499
PDODeepwater tuatuaalign='right'| 629,000
PHCPackhorse rock lobsteralign='right'| 40,300
PILPilchardalign='right'| 2,485,000
PORPoraealign='right'| 71,000
POSPorbeaglealign='right'| 215,000
PPIPipialign='right'| 204,000
PRKPrawn killeralign='right'| 36,000
PTOPatagonian toothfishalign='right'| 49,500
PZLDeepwater clamalign='right'| 31,500
QSCQueen scallopalign='right'| 380,000
RBMRay's breamalign='right'| 980,000
RBTRedbaitalign='right'| 5,050,000
RBYRuby fishalign='right'| 812,000
RCORed codalign='right'| 8,278,385
RIBRibaldoalign='right'| 1664,000
RSKRough skatealign='right'| 1,986,000
RSNRed snapperalign='right'| 146,000
SAETriangle shellalign='right'| 725,000
SBWSouthern blue whitingalign='right'| 43,408,000
SCAScallopalign='right'| 841,000
SCCSea cucumberalign='right'| 35,000
SCHSchool sharkalign='right'| 3,436,100
SCIScampialign='right'| 1,291,000
SFEShort-finned eelalign='right'| 347,000
SKIGemfishalign='right'| 1,060,394
SNASnapperalign='right'| 6,357,300
SPDSpiny dogfishalign='right'| 12,660,000
SPESea perchalign='right'| 2,170,000
SPORigalign='right'| 1,919,064
SPRSpratsalign='right'| 450,000
SQUArrow squidalign='right'| 127,332,381
SSKSmooth skatealign='right'| 849,000
STAStargazeralign='right'| 5,456,400
STNSouthern bluefin tunaalign='right'| 413,000
SURKinaalign='right'| 1,147,000
SWASilver warehoualign='right'| 1,0380,201
SWOSwordfishalign='right'| 885,000
TARTarakihialign='right'| 6,439,173
TORPacific bluefin tunaalign='right'| 116,000
TRETrevallyalign='right'| 3,933,103
TRUTrumpeteralign='right'| 144,000
TUATuatuaalign='right'| 43,000
WARBlue warehoualign='right'| 4,512,358
WWAWhite warehoualign='right'| 3,735,000
YEMYellow-eyed mulletalign='right'| 68,000
YFNYellowfin tunaalign='right'| 263,000

See also

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

  • [http://www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/Commercial/Quota+Management+System/default.htm Ministry of Fisheries] – The Quota Management System
  • [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philippe-Lallemand/publication/41706436/figure/fig1/AS:532319619555328@1503926295876/Map-of-the-New-Zealand-exclusive-economic-zone-including-fisheries-management-areas.png Map of Fisheries Management Areas]

Category:Fishing in New Zealand

Category:Environmental policy in New Zealand

Category:1986 in New Zealand

Category:1986 in the environment

Category:Fish conservation