RAF Rivenhall
{{Short description|Former Royal Air Force station in Essex, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = RAF Rivenhall
USAAF Station AAF-168
| ensign_size =
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| partof =
| location = Silver End, Essex
| nearest_town =
| country = England
| image = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Rivenhall airfield photographed in April 1944 with the B-26 Marauders of the 397th Bombardment Group parked on the grass, while the P-51 Mustangs of the 363d Fighter Group are still on the dispersal loops.
| image2 =
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| type = Royal Air Force station
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|51|19|N|000|38|23|E|region:GB_type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Essex
| pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Essex
| pushpin_label = RAF Rivenhall
| pushpin_label_position =
| ownership = Air Ministry
| operator = United States Army Air Forces
Royal Air Force
| controlledby = Ninth Air Force 1943-44
RAF Fighter Command 1944-
| open_to_public =
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| code = RL
| built = {{Start date|1944}}
| used = December 1944 - January {{End date|1946}}
| builder = W. C. French Ltd
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| fate =
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| battles = European theatre of World War II
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| elevation = {{Convert|51|m|0}}{{sfn|Falconer|1998|p=77}}
| r1-number = 00/00
| r1-length =
| r1-surface = Concrete/Tarmac
| r2-number = 00/00
| r2-length =
| r2-surface = Concrete/Tarmac
| r3-number = 00/00
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| r3-surface = Concrete/Tarmac
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File:Rivenhall-basecp-1944.jpg
File:Rivenhall-363dfg-p51b.jpg
File:397th Bombardment Group - B-26 Marauders.jpg
Royal Air Force Rivenhall or more simply RAF Rivenhall is a former Royal Air Force station located in Essex, England. The airfield is located approximately {{convert|4|mi|km}} south-southeast of Braintree, Essex, England.
Opened in 1942, it was used by both the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces. During the war it was used primarily as a combat airfield with various fighter and bomber units. It was closed in 1946 and kept in reserve until 1956.
Today, the remains of the airfield are located on private property with the northern half having been turned into a quarry.
History
=USAAF use=
Rivenhall was known as USAAF Station AAF-168 for security reasons by the USAAF during the war, and was referred to thus to avoid revealing its location. Its USAAF Station Code was "RL".
== 363d Fighter Group ==
On 22 January 1944 a squadron of the 363d Fighter Group arrived from RAF Keevil where it had been awaiting equipment. The group had been selected as the third in the European Theatre to be equipped with the new North American P-51B Mustang. The group consisted of the following operational squadrons:
- 380th Fighter Squadron (A9)
- 381st Fighter Squadron (B3)
- 382d Fighter Squadron (C3)
On 14 April 1944, as part of a general movement of Ninth Air Force fighter units in the Colchester area to the advanced landing grounds, the 363d moved to RAF Staplehurst. The actual movement of all elements had begun two days previously.
== 397th Bombardment Group ==
On the day following the departure of the 363d the first Martin B-26 Marauders of the 397th Bombardment Group arrived from RAF Gosfield. The group consisted of the following operational squadrons:
- 596th Bombardment Squadron (X2)
- 597th Bombardment Squadron (9F)
- 598th Bombardment Squadron (U2)
- 599th Bombardment Squadron (6B)
The group's identification marking was a yellow diagonal band across both sides of the fin (vertical stabiliser).
Early in August, officially on the 5th, the 397th transferred from Rivenhall to RAF Hurn in Hampshire to give the Marauders a better radius of action, as the break-out of the Allied forces from the Normandy beachhead meant that potential targets were receding.
=RAF use=
The following units were here at some point:{{cite web|url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/rivenhall/ |title=Rivenhall |publisher=Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust|access-date=25 April 2022}}
- No. 295 Squadron RAF (1944-46)
- No. 570 Squadron RAF (1944-45)
- No. 1677 (Target Towing) Flight RAF
Current use
Upon its release from military use, in June 1956, Marconi leased part of the airfield and within ten years had taken over most of the surviving buildings. Today the northern half of the former airfield has been turned into a quarry, with the vast majority of the land in the northwest of the site having been excavated.
The perimeter track of the airfield has been reduced to a single track agricultural road. All three runways either have been quarried, or substantially reduced in width, with the grass areas of the former airfield return3ed to agriculture. One T-2 hangar remains, along with a scattering of buildings. A motor salvage business has taken over some of the hardstands in the east end of the airfield, where once C-47s and gliders were stored. As of 2022, an integrated waste management facility is being constructed on part of the site.
See also
References
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
=Citations=
{{Reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite book |last1=Falconer|first1=J|title=RAF Fighter Airfields of World War 2 |year=1998 |publisher= Ian Allan Publishing|location= UK|isbn=0-7110-2175-9}}
- Freeman, Roger A. (1994) UK Airfields of the Ninth: Then and Now 1994. After the Battle {{ISBN|0-900913-80-0}}
- Freeman, Roger A. (1996) The Ninth Air Force in Colour: UK and the Continent-World War Two. After the Battle {{ISBN|1-85409-272-3}}
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. {{ISBN|0-89201-092-4}}.
- [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present]
External links
{{Commons category|RAF Rivenhall}}
- {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070623125413/http://www.rivenhall.org.uk/default.asp?pg=history+of+rivenhall+airfield Rivenhall - A History of an Essex Airfield]}}
- [http://www.forgottenplaces.co.uk/Explores/Rivenhall%20081006/RAF%20Rivenhall/index.html Rivenhall Airfield Pictures 2006]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Royal Air Force}}
{{USAAF 9th Air Force UK}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rivenhall}}
Category:Airfields of the IX Fighter Command in the United Kingdom
Category:Airfields of the 9th Bombardment Division in the United Kingdom
Category:Military units and formations established in 1943
Category:Royal Air Force stations in Essex
Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom