RAF Scorton

The location was chosen for its flat terrain and its situation close to the now disbanded Eryholme-Richmond branch line that had a sub branch line to Catterick Garrison and RAF Catterick.{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=The dark concrete chambers of a Second World War bunker on the outskirts of Darlington |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWGLNB&t=&sort=_rank_%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=RAF%20Scorton&docref=news/17BB6431958CE050 |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=infoweb.newsbank.com |date=20 June 2020|url-access=subscription}} The first unit to use the airfield was a detachment of Bristol Blenheim aircraft from No. 219 Squadron, which had reformed at RAF Catterick in the same month that Scorton had opened.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=166}}{{cite news |title=Memorial unveiled at Second World War airfield |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/local/northyorkshire/10689107.memorial-unveiled-second-world-war-airfield/ |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=The Northern Echo |date=22 September 2013}}{{sfn|Lake|1999|p=242}}{{sfn|Otter|2003|p=53}}

Although originally designated as a satellite station, in 1941, the site was extended into a 'full' RAF station with 12 hangars and three tarmac runways,{{cite web |last1=Francis |first1=Paul |last2=Flagg |first2=Richard |last3=Crisp |first3=Graham |title=Nine Thousand Miles of Concrete: A Review of Second World War Temporary Airfields in England |url=https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=15802 |website=research.historicengland.org.uk |access-date=1 March 2021 |page=50 |format=PDF |date=2016}} with the main east/west runway measuring {{convert|4,800|ft}} compared to RAF Catterick's runway which was {{convert|3,300|ft}}. This was done because Catterick could not be extended as it was sandwiched between the Great North Road and the River Swale.{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=Surprise garden find leads to tales of the lives lost in the region's skies |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/8352629.surprise-garden-find-leads-tales-lives-lost-regions-skies/ |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=The Northern Echo |date=25 August 2010}}{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=45}} At the same time, the decoy landing site at Birkby (to the east near to Danby Wiske, came under the command of Scorton, having previously been an asset of RAF Catterick.{{cite web |title=Birkby - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK |url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/birkby/ |website=www.abct.org.uk |access-date=1 March 2021}}

On its re-opening, the first squadron allocated to Scorton was No. 122, which was equipped with Mark V Spitfires for convoy patrols over the North Sea.{{sfn|Otter|2003|p=56}} No. 122 left for RAF Hornchurch in 1942, with No. 406 Squadron RCAF and No. 219 Squadron later operating from the base. Initially, four aircraft from No. 406 Sqn were detached to Scorton from RAF Drem in February 1942, with the rest of the squadron following in the same year.{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Robert |editor1-last=Hunter |editor1-first=A F C |title=Defending Northern Skies 1915 - 1995 |date=1996 |publisher=The Royal Air Force Historical Society |isbn=0951-9824-6X |page=57 |chapter=Defence Against the Intruders}} Both 219 and 406 would later move out again and during 1943, No. 167 Squadron was reformed at Scorton, before moving to RAF Castletown.{{sfn|Otter|2003|pp=56–57}} Between the spring of 1943, and the spring of 1944, Scorton was host to No. 604 Squadron who arrived from RAF Ford in Hampshire and No. 56 Squadron from RAF Martlesham Heath. The squadrons flew Beaufighters and Typhoons respectively.{{sfn|Otter|2003|p=57}}

File:422d Night Fighter Squadron Northrop P-61A-10-NO Black Widow 42-5565.jpg

In May 1944, the USAAF Ninth Air Force transferred two Northrop P-61 Black Widow night interceptor squadrons, No.s 422 and 425, to Scorton from RAF Charmy Down near Bath in Somerset, to train and fly with the RAF night fighter Operational Training Unit assigned there.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=167}} Initially flying de Havilland Mosquitoes, their first P-61 arrived at Scorton in May 1944 and their first assignment was to chase night-flying V-1 "buzz bombs".{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=229}} Scorton was known as USAAF Station AAF-425 for security reasons by the USAAF during the war, and by which it was referred to instead of location.{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Barry J |title=Army Air Forces stations : a guide to the stations where U.S Army Air Forces personnel served in the United Kingdom during World War II |date=1985 |publisher=United States Air Force Historical Research Center |location=Maxwell Air Force Base Alabama |page=29|oclc=20337324}}

The Black Widows would be vectored to intercept approaching V-1s by ground control. Since the V-1 was a little faster than the P-61, the Black Widow had to approach the V-1 from behind and go into a slight dive in order to catch up with it.{{sfn|O'Leary|1986|p=342}}

The first Black Widow V-1 "kill" took place on 16 July 1944, credited to pilot Herman Ernst and radar operator Edward Kopsel of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron. One of the greatest dangers involved in killing V-1s was the possibility of getting too close to the flying bomb when one fired at it, running the risk of damage to their own plane if the bomb exploded when hit.

After D-Day, the USAAF Black Widows moved to Advanced Landing Grounds at Maupertus (A-15) (422d NFS) near Cherbourg and Vannes (A-33N) (425th NFS) in Brittany France to intercept German night fighters and bombers attacking Allied positions.{{sfn|O'Leary|1986|p=344}}

After the two American squadrons vacated the base, it was quiet again for a period before the site was transferred from Fighter Command to Balloon Command who used the site for storage. At the end of the war, the airfield was surplus to requirements, but was used first by No. 221 Maintenance Unit, and then with No. 91 Maintenance Unit, who vacated the site in 1952.{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=229}}{{cite web |title=Scorton - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK |url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/scorton/ |website=www.abct.org.uk |access-date=1 March 2021}}

• No. 26 Squadron RAF (1944) – North American Mustang I
• No. 56 Squadron RAF (1944) – Supermarine Spitfire IX
• No. 122 Squadron RAF (1941–1942) – Supermarine Spitfire IIA, IIB and VB
• No. 130 Squadron RAF (1943) – Supermarine Spitfire VB
• No. 167 Squadron RAF (1942) – Supermarine Spitfire VB
• No. 219 Squadron RAF (1942–1943) – Bristol Beaufighter IF
• No. 406 Squadron RCAF (1942) – Bristol Beaufighter IIF
• No. 410 Squadron RCAF (1942) – Bristol Beaufighter IIF
• No. 604 Squadron RAF (1943) – Bristol Beaufighter IF{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|pp=166–168}}

The Aerodrome closed in 1945 and most of the concreted areas have been extensively quarried away for sand and gravel extraction.{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=229}} Most of what was the airfield is now under a lake or a quarry.{{PastScape|num=1409216|desc=RAF Scorton|access-date=1 June 2016}} There are a few military pre-fab buildings remaining in the area – they were dismantled after the war and moved to local farms to be used as agricultural buildings. The site does still have some remnants from the era, such as accommodation huts and brick-built pillboxes. Some of the newer roads in Scorton have been named after Second World War Aircraft (Beaufighter Close, Typhoon Close and Spitfire Court).{{cite news |last1=Amos |first1=Mike |title=Old, old story |work=The Northern Echo |date=15 January 2013 |page=23|issn=2043-0442}}

• List of former Royal Air Force stations

{{Reflist}}

{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}

• {{cite book |last1=Delve |first1=Ken |title=Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire |date=2006 |publisher=Crowood |location=Ramsbury |isbn=1-86126-809-2}}
• {{cite book |last1=Falconer|first1=J|title=RAF Fighter Airfields of World War 2 |year=1998 |publisher= Ian Allan Publishing|location= UK|isbn=0-7110-2175-9}}
• Freeman, Roger A. (1994) UK Airfields of the Ninth: Then and Now 1994. After the Battle {{ISBN|0-900913-80-0}}
• Freeman, Roger A. (1996) The Ninth Air Force in Colour: UK and the Continent-World War Two. After the Battle {{ISBN|1-85409-272-3}}
• {{cite book |last1=Halpenny |first1=Bruce Barrymore |title=Action stations 4; Military Airfields of Yorkshire |date=1982 |publisher=Stephens |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-85059-532-0}}
• {{cite book |last1=Lake |first1=Alan |title=Flying units of the RAF : the ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=1-84037-086-6}}
• Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. {{ISBN|0-89201-092-4}}.
• {{cite book |last1=O'Leary |first1=Michael |title=USAAF fighters of World War Two in action |date=1986 |publisher=Blandford Press |location=Poole |isbn=0713718390}}
• {{cite book |last1=Otter |first1=Patrick |title=Yorkshire airfields in the Second World War |date=2003|publisher=Countryside Books |location=Newbury |isbn=1-85306-542-0}}
• [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present]

{{Commons category|RAF Scorton}}

• [http://www.controltowers.co.uk/S/Scorton.htm RAF Scorton on Control Towers]

{{Royal Air Force}}

{{RAF stations in Yorkshire}}

{{USAAF 9th Air Force UK}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Scorton}}

Category:Royal Air Force stations in Yorkshire

Category:Airfields of the IX Fighter Command in the United Kingdom

Category:Buildings and structures in North Yorkshire

Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom

Category:Military history of North Yorkshire