RAF Stornoway

Prior to the modern military facility, the airfield was originally developed during the 1930s; consisting of grass runways on the site of Melbost Golf Links, cited to have been the first grass runways in Britain. Limited civilian flights started May 1940 on the Glasgow to Hebrides by Scottish Airways using a de Havilland Rapide, though with the start of Second World War, the Air Ministry acquired the site.{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xud_hCpAi2k|title=The History of Stornoway Airport|type=YouTube video|location=Council Chambers, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis|publisher=Stornoway Historical Society|date=23 February 2017}} RAF Stornoway started development by laying four new paved runways in an 'unusual layout' for RAF Coastal Command, completed by 1941. It was home to various Coastal Command squadrons patrolling the North Atlantic for U-boats. In late 1940, a detachment of Avro Anson aircraft arrived from No. 612 (County of Aberdeen) Squadron RAF, Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxF). The Ansons operated from the site of RAF Stornoway whilst it was still under construction. By November 1940, the aircraft from 612 Squadron had been posted to RAF Wick in north-east Scotland, and were gradually replaced by Ansons from No. 48 Squadron RAF, then based at RAF Hooton Park.

In March 1940, 827 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm operated Fairey Albacore aircraft from Stornoway in conjunction with the Ansons of 48 Squadron RAF on maritime patrols across the Atlantic Ocean. This continued until the station was completed, at which point they moved away. RAF Stornoway was officially constituted on {{Start date and age|1941|04|01|df=y}}, as part of No. 15 (Reconnaissance) Group RAF,{{Cite web|last=Barrass|first=Malcolm B.|date=October 2024|url=https://rafweb.org/Organsation/Grp02.htm#15|title=Groups 10–19 : No 15 Group|website=RAFweb.org|publisher=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|access-date=7 November 2024}}{{Failed verification|date=November 2024}} and then No. 18 (Reconnaissance) Group,{{Cite web|last=Barrass|first=Malcolm B.|date=October 2024|url=https://rafweb.org/Organsation/Grp02.htm#18|title=Groups 10–19 : No 18 Group|website=RAFweb.org|publisher=Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation|access-date=7 November 2024}}{{Failed verification|date=November 2024}} both of RAF Coastal Command, but was finally closed at the end of the Second World War when it was transferred to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 1 July 1946, reverting to Stornoway Airport. No. 66 Air-Sea Rescue (ASR) Marine Craft Unit was also based at Stornoway Harbour during 1943 and 1944.{{Cite book|last=Roskill|first=Stephen Wentworth|date=1954|title=The War at Sea, 1939–1945, Volume 1|pages=332–333|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}

In 1952, biological agents were brought in to the airport for the controversial Operation Cauldron.{{Cite book|last1=Wheelis|first1=Mark|last2=Rózsa|first2=Lajos|last3=Dando|first3=Malcolm|date=2006|title=Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945|url=https://archive.org/details/deadlyculturesbi1945whee|url-access=limited|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deadlyculturesbi1945whee/page/n70 56]–7|isbn=0-674-01699-8}} They were testing the dangerous agents on caged monkeys and guinea pigs who were situated on a navy pontoon nearby at the Braighe.{{Cite news|last=Fenton|first=Ben|date=20 September 2005|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=P8&xml=/health/2005/09/20/nplag19.xml|title=Trawler steamed into germ warfare site and no one said a word|work=Daily Telegraph|location=London, England|access-date=20 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630134044/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=P8&xml=/health/2005/09/20/nplag19.xml|archive-date=30 June 2012}} The tests were carried out by scientists from the Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment (CBDE) from Porton Down.{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}} When a trawler inadvertently passed through one of the clouds of plague bacteria, the ship and crew were temporarily put under covert surveillance during their return from Iceland to Blackpool and onshore.{{Cite book|last=Evans|first=Rob|date=2000|title=Gassed|publisher=House of Stratus |isbn=978-1842320716}}

During the height of the Cold War years, Stornoway Airport was home to No. 112 Signals Unit RAF{{Cite web|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11041126?descriptiontype=Full&ref=AIR+29/4526|title=112 Signals Unit Stornoway / RAF Stornoway. With appendices. 1964 Aug 1-1973 Dec 31|website=NationalArchives.gov.uk|location=Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England|publisher=The National Archives}} that was established in 1960 as an electronic countermeasures (ECM) measurement and evaluation unit by RAF Bomber Command Headquarters (HQBC), based at RAF High Wycombe. The unit measured the signal strength, frequency bandwidths, and aerial performance of the operational Handley Page Victor and Avro Vulcan V bombers, as they flew a course towards, over or away from the unit varying from straight-lines to polar patterns.{{Citation|title=Document AIR 29/4736 – 1974–1980|publisher=The National Archives|location=Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England}} Results were passed back to Operations Research Branch, (HQBC), BCDU at RAF Finningley, and each aircraft's base for the electronics engineers and technicians to review for performance improvement of each piece of equipment that was measured. The combined success of 112 S.U., BCDU at RAF Finningley, and each of the aircraft's bases, along with the Operations Research Branch at (HQBC) and technical support from RRE Malvern (later to become RSRE Malvern) was demonstrated by the V-force during the Operation Skyshield exercises{{Citation|title=Document AIR 14/4317 – Monitoring of RED SHRIMP performance before Exercise SKYSHIELD II|publisher=The National Archives|location=Kew, Richmond, Greater London, England}} and readiness through the Cuban Missile Crisis in the early sixties,White, p 47. and subsequent exercisesHennessy, p.201 until the time the unit was closed in 1983.

In the early 1980s, part of the airport was upgraded in a £40 million programme consisting of extensions of the main runway and taxiways, along with new hangars, designed to accept RAF Panavia Tornado aircraft.{{Cite magazine|editor1-last=Horseman|editor1-first=Martin|date=March 1982|title=New air base at Stornoway|magazine=Armed Forces|page=47|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Shepperton|issn=0142-4696}} By 1 April 1982, this work was completed, the buildings commissioned, and RAF Stornoway was established once again in order to become a forward operations base (FOB). After sixteen years in this role, and also the end of the Cold War, the RAF station was finally closed{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/raf-to-withdraw-from-stornoway-next-month-1.354520|title=RAF to withdraw from Stornoway next month|website=HeraldScotland.com|publisher=The Herald, Newsquest Media Group Ltd.|date=14 February 1998|access-date=8 November 2024}} on 31 March 1998. The Ministry of Defence sold the site to the Western Isles Council, and the aerodrome reverted to civilian use, again becoming Stornoway Airport.

Following this, some of the technical and administrative buildings were further sold, one becoming a Christian school, whilst others including the Nissen hut accommodation blocks were demolished. The runway remains in use as part of Stornoway Airport, and other parts of the site are used as a ground for holding stunt shows and vehicle exhibitions.

The following units were also here at some point:

• No. 303 Ferry Training Unit RAF (December 1942 - March 1943){{Sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|Halley|1997|p=116}}
• Detachment of No. 1693 (General Reconnaissance) Flight RAF (August 1944 - ????){{Sfn|Sturtivant|Hamlin|Halley|1997|p=145}}

RAF Stornoway is featured in the Tom Clancy novel, Red Storm Rising, as a base for RAF operations over the North Atlantic and against Soviet-held Iceland. Later the displaced carrier air wing from USS Nimitz is based there after the carrier sustains battle damage. It also mentioned in passing in Katherine Kurtz's Death of an Adept.

• Electronic warfare

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book|last=Brookes|first=Andrew|date=2009|title=Vulcan Units of the Cold War|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-297-4|ref=none}}
• {{Cite book|last=Brookes|first=Andrew|date=2011|title=Victor Units of the Cold War|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84908-339-3|ref=none}}
• {{Cite book |last=Falconer|first=J|date=2012|title=RAF Airfields of World War 2|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|isbn=978-1-85780-349-5}}
• {{Cite book|last=Hennessy|first=Peter|date=2010|title=The Secret State, Preparing for the worst 1945-2010|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-141-04469-9|ref=none}}
• {{Wikicite|ref={{Harvid|Jefford|1988}}|reference=Jefford, C.G. (1988) RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. {{ISBN|1-84037-141-2}}.}}
• {{Cite book|last=Jefford|first=C.G.|date=2001|title=RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912|location=Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK|publisher=Airlife Publishing|isbn=1-84037-141-2}}
• {{Cite book|last1=Sturtivant|first1=R|last2=Hamlin|first2=J|last3=Halley|first3=J|date=1997|title=Royal Air Force flying training and support units|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians)|isbn=0-85130-252-1}}
• {{Cite book|last=White|first=Roland|date=2007|title=Vulcan 607, The epic story of the most remarkable air attack since WWII|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Corgi Books|isbn=978-0-552-15229-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/vulcan6070000whit|ref=none}}

• {{Cite book|last=Hamilton-Paterson|first=James|date=2013|title=Under the Radar|location=United Kingdom|publisher=Faber and Faber Limited|isbn=978-0-571-27398-0}}
• {{Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Derek|date=2008|title=Hullo Russia, Goodbye England|location=United Kingdom|publisher=MacLehose Press|isbn=978-0-85705-092-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/hullorussiagoodb0000robi}}

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{{Royal Air Force}}

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Category:Stornoway

Category:Defunct airports in Scotland

Category:Royal Air Force stations in Scotland

Category:Airports disestablished in 1998

Category:Military airbases established in 1940

Category:Military installations closed in 1998