RX J1532.9+3021
{{Short description|Galaxy cluster in Corona Borealis}}
{{Infobox galaxy cluster
| name = RX J1532.9+3021
| image = File:RX J1532.9+3021.jpg
| caption = Chandra X-ray Observatory image of the galaxy cluster, RX J1532.9+3021.
| epoch = J2000.0
| constellation = Corona Borealis
| ra = {{RA|15|32|53.8}}
| dec = {{DEC|+30|20|59}}
| brightest_member = LEDA 1900245
| redshift = 0.362000
| distance = 3.9 billion light-years
| notes = One of the largest black holes discovered so far inside a galaxy cluster
| names = MACS J1532.9+3021, MCS J1532.8+3021, CIG J1532+3021
| richness = 1
}}
RX J1532.9+3021 is a galaxy cluster located in the constellation of Corona Borealis. It has a velocity of 103,539 ± 8 kilometers per second, equivalent to a Hubble distance of 1,527.1 ± 106.9 megaparsecs or 3.9 billion light years.{{Cite web |title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database results for RX J1532.9+3021 |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=RX+J1532.9+3021&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} It is classfied one of the massive and strongest X-ray bright cool clusters in the universe{{Cite journal |last1=Ehlert |first1=S. |last2=Allen |first2=S. W. |last3=Brandt |first3=W. N. |last4=Xue |first4=Y. Q. |last5=Luo |first5=B. |last6=von der Linden |first6=A. |last7=Mantz |first7=A. |last8=Morris |first8=R. G. |date=2013-02-01 |title=X-ray bright active galactic nuclei in massive galaxy clusters – I. Number counts and spatial distribution |url=http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/428/4/3509/1003013/Xray-bright-active-galactic-nuclei-in-massive |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=428 |issue=4 |pages=3509–3525 |doi=10.1093/mnras/sts288 |issn=0035-8711 |doi-access=free|arxiv=1209.2132 }}{{Cite journal |last1=Hlavacek-Larrondo |first1=J. |last2=Allen |first2=S. W. |last3=Taylor |first3=G. B. |last4=Fabian |first4=A. C. |last5=Canning |first5=R. E. A. |last6=Werner |first6=N. |last7=Sanders |first7=J. S. |last8=Grimes |first8=C. K. |last9=Ehlert |first9=S. |last10=von der Linden |first10=A. |date=2013-10-24 |title=Probing the Extreme Realm of Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in the Massive Galaxy Cluster, Rx J1532.9+3021 |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/163 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=777 |issue=2 |pages=163 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/163 |arxiv=1306.0907 |bibcode=2013ApJ...777..163H |issn=0004-637X}} at redshift z = 0.362.{{Cite journal |last1=Biava |first1=N. |last2=Bonafede |first2=A. |last3=Gastaldello |first3=F. |last4=Botteon |first4=A. |last5=Brienza |first5=M. |last6=Shimwell |first6=T. W. |last7=Brunetti |first7=G. |last8=Bruno |first8=L. |last9=Rajpurohit |first9=K. |last10=Riseley |first10=C. J. |last11=van Weeren |first11=R. J. |last12=Rossetti |first12=M. |last13=Cassano |first13=R. |last14=De Gasperin |first14=F. |last15=Drabent |first15=A. |date=June 2024 |title=First evidence of a connection between cluster-scale diffuse radio emission in cool-core galaxy clusters and sloshing features |url=https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348045 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=686 |pages=A82 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202348045 |arxiv=2403.09802 |bibcode=2024A&A...686A..82B |issn=0004-6361}} The luminosity of the cluster is estimated to be 6 x 1045 ergs−1.{{Cite journal |last1=Fabian |first1=A C |last2=Sanders |first2=J S |last3=Ferland |first3=G J |last4=McNamara |first4=B R |last5=Pinto |first5=C |last6=Walker |first6=S A |date=2023-02-15 |title=Hidden Cooling Flows in clusters of Galaxies II: a wider sample |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=521 |issue=2 |pages=1794–1807 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad507 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=2211.13971 }} According to a study published in 2013, a mini radio halo is seen surrounding the cluster.{{Cite journal |last1=Kale |first1=R. |last2=Venturi |first2=T. |last3=Giacintucci |first3=S. |last4=Dallacasa |first4=D. |last5=Cassano |first5=R. |last6=Brunetti |first6=G. |last7=Macario |first7=G. |last8=Athreya |first8=R. |date=2013-09-01 |title=The Extended GMRT Radio Halo Survey - I. New upper limits on radio halos and mini-halos |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2013/09/aa21515-13/aa21515-13.html |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |language=en |volume=557 |pages=A99 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201321515 |arxiv=1306.3102 |bibcode=2013A&A...557A..99K |issn=0004-6361}}{{Cite journal |last1=Hlavacek-Larrondo |first1=J. |last2=Allen |first2=S. W. |last3=Taylor |first3=G. B. |last4=Fabian |first4=A. C. |last5=Canning |first5=R. E. A. |last6=Werner |first6=N. |last7=Sanders |first7=J. S. |last8=Grimes |first8=C. K. |last9=Ehlert |first9=S. |last10=von der Linden |first10=A. |date=2013-10-24 |title=Probing the extreme realm of AGN feedback in the massive galaxy cluster, RX J1532.9+3021 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=777 |issue=2 |pages=163 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/163 |arxiv=1306.0907 |bibcode=2013ApJ...777..163H |issn=0004-637X}}
LEDA 1900245
The elliptical galaxy LEDA 1900245, is the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of RX J1532.9+3021. It has a dimension of around 120.56 kpc (~393,000 light-years) and is a LINER galaxy, meaning a galaxy whose nucleus contains an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weak ion atoms.{{Cite web |title=NED Search Results for LEDA 1900245 |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=479729&objname=2&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} First noted as a radio source back in 1990,{{Cite journal |last1=Langston |first1=Glen I. |last2=Heflin |first2=Michael B. |last3=Conner |first3=Sam R. |last4=Lehar |first4=Joseph |last5=Carilli |first5=Chris L. |last6=Burke |first6=Bernard F. |date=1990-03-01 |title=The Second MIT--Green Bank 5 GHz Survey |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ApJS...72..621L/abstract |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=72 |pages=621 |doi=10.1086/191427 |bibcode=1990ApJS...72..621L |issn=0067-0049}} the galaxy is classified as a blazar{{Cite journal |last1=Somboonpanyakul |first1=T. |last2=McDonald |first2=M. |last3=Noble |first3=A. |last4=Aguena |first4=M. |last5=Allam |first5=S. |last6=Amon |first6=A. |last7=Andrade-Oliveira |first7=F. |last8=Bacon |first8=D. |last9=Bayliss |first9=M. B. |last10=Bertin |first10=E. |last11=Bhargava |first11=S. |last12=Brooks |first12=D. |last13=Buckley-Geer |first13=E. |last14=Burke |first14=D. L. |last15=Calzadilla |first15=M. |date=March 2022 |title=The Evolution of AGN Activity in Brightest Cluster Galaxies |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=163 |issue=4 |pages=146 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac5030 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2201.08398 |bibcode=2022AJ....163..146S |issn=1538-3881}} producing extensive amounts of star formation{{Cite journal |last1=Castignani |first1=G. |last2=Radovich |first2=M. |last3=Combes |first3=F. |last4=Salomé |first4=P. |last5=Maturi |first5=M. |last6=Moscardini |first6=L. |last7=Bardelli |first7=S. |last8=Giocoli |first8=C. |last9=Lesci |first9=G. |last10=Marulli |first10=F. |last11=Puddu |first11=E. |last12=Sereno |first12=M. |date=2022-11-01 |title=Star-forming and gas-rich brightest cluster galaxies at z ∼ 0.4 in the Kilo-Degree Survey |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A&A...667A..52C/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=667 |pages=A52 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202243689 |arxiv=2207.12073 |bibcode=2022A&A...667A..52C |issn=0004-6361}} that is similar to other BCGs, such as the Phoenix Cluster and in NGC 1275. It is also known to host a large amount of molecular gas with ultraviolet filaments.{{Cite journal |last1=Donahue |first1=Megan |last2=Connor |first2=Thomas |last3=Voit |first3=G. Mark |last4=Postman |first4=Marc |date=2017-01-31 |title=Observations of Lyα and O vi: Signatures of Cooling and Star Formation in a Massive Central Cluster Galaxy |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=835 |issue=2 |pages=216 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/216 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1612.08297 |bibcode=2017ApJ...835..216D |issn=0004-637X}}
Observations by Chandra Space Telescope found out, LEDA 1900245 hosts one of the powerful and most massive black holes measuring 10 billion solar masses. According to X-ray images, the galaxy shows two large X-ray cavities or bubbles of emitted hot gas. Each of the cavities measures 100,000 light-years across and are causing shock fronts to release most energy. The amount of energy released would then cause more hot gas to be generated, thus hampering any efforts in producing any new stars in the galaxy.{{Cite web |title=RX J1532.9+3021: Extreme Power of the Black Hole Revealed |url=https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2014/rxj1532/ |website=Chandra X-ray Observatory}}{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |date=2014-01-23 |title=Black Hole Steals Gas From Trillions Of Stars |url=https://www.universetoday.com/108488/black-hole-steals-gas-from-trillions-of-stars/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Universe Today |language=en-US}}
Gravitational lensed supernova
A gravitational lensed supernova was discovered in early 2012 behind RX J1532.9+3021. Known as SN CLN12Did, the supernova was located at redshift z = 0.851, with its host being an early-type possible elliptical galaxy.{{Cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=Brandon |last2=McCully |first2=Curtis |last3=Jha |first3=Saurabh W. |last4=Rodney |first4=Steven A. |last5=Jones |first5=David O. |last6=Graur |first6=Or |last7=Merten |first7=Julian |last8=Zitrin |first8=Adi |last9=Riess |first9=Adam G. |last10=Matheson |first10=Thomas |last11=Sako |first11=Masao |last12=Holoien |first12=Thomas W.-S. |last13=Postman |first13=Marc |last14=Coe |first14=Dan |last15=Bartelmann |first15=Matthias |date=2014-04-09 |title=Three Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae Behind Clash Galaxy Clusters |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/9 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=786 |issue=1 |pages=9 |doi=10.1088/0004-637x/786/1/9 |arxiv=1312.0943 |bibcode=2014ApJ...786....9P |issn=0004-637X}}
Gallery
File:Color cutout hst 12454 a4 wfc3 ir f140w f105w sci RX J1532.9+3021.jpg|Hubble Space Telescope image of RX J1532.9+3021.
File:Hs-2015-26-a-print.jpg|RX J1532.9+3021 taken with CLASH Survey. The image shows the high energy jets released by the supermassive black hole, affecting star formations in the brightest cluster galaxy.