Ra'ad-II
{{short description|Air-launched cruise missile}}
{{distinguish|text=Iranian self-propelled howitzer Raad-2}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = Ra'ad-II
| image =
| image_size = 300
| alt =
| caption =
| type = ALCM{{cite web|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/pakistan-raad-ii-alcm-missile-variant/|title=Pakistan test launches new Ra'ad II ALCM missile variant|website=AIR FORCE TECHNOLOGY|date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408033519/https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/pakistan-raad-ii-alcm-missile-variant/|archive-date=2020-04-08}}{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/94404/pakistan-test-launches-longer-range-variant-of-ra-ad-ii-alcm|title=Pakistan test-launches longer-range variant of Ra'ad II ALCM|website=Jane's 360|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221061828/https://www.janes.com/article/94404/pakistan-test-launches-longer-range-variant-of-ra-ad-ii-alcm|archive-date=2020-02-21}}{{cite web|url=https://quwa.org/2017/03/23/pakistan-officially-unveils-extended-range-raad-2-air-launched-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan officially unveils extended range Ra'ad 2 air-launched cruise missile|website=Quwa Defense News & Analysis Group|first=Bilal|last=Khan|date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420163610/https://quwa.org/2017/03/23/pakistan-officially-unveils-extended-range-raad-2-air-launched-cruise-missile/|archive-date=2020-04-20}}{{cite web|url=https://quwa.org/2020/02/18/pakistan-tests-raad-ii-air-launched-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan Tests Ra'ad-II Air-Launched Cruise Missile|website=Quwa Defense News & Analysis Group|first=Bilal|last=Khan|date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427081616/https://quwa.org/2020/02/18/pakistan-tests-raad-ii-air-launched-cruise-missile/|archive-date=2020-04-27}}
| origin = {{PAK}}
| is_ranged = yes
| is_bladed = no
| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery = yes
| is_vehicle = yes
| is_missile = yes
| is_UK = no
| service =2020–Present
| used_by ={{Air Force|PAK}}
- {{small|Air Force Strategic Command}}
| wars =
| designer = National Engineering & Scientific Commission
{{small|(Guidance/controls)}}
Air Weapons Complex
{{small|(Warhead design/assembly)}}
| design_date = 2007–2019
| manufacturer = Air Weapons Complex
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =
| spec_label = Technical data
| mass = ≤{{cvt|1100|kg|lb}}
| length = {{cvt|4.85|m|ft}}
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter = {{cvt|0.50|m|in}}
| crew =
| passengers =
| filling_weight = {{cvt|450|kg|lb}}
| detonation =
| yield = {{convert|5|ktonTNT|lk=in}}—{{convert|12|ktonTNT|lk=in}}{{cite web |last1=Kristensen |first1=Hans |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |title=Pakistan nuclear weapons, 2023 |url=https://thebulletin.org/premium/2023-09/pakistan-nuclear-weapons-2023/ |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=10 October 2023}}
| cartridge =
| cartridge_weight =
| caliber =
| barrels =
| action =
| rate =
| velocity =
| range =
| max_range = {{cvt|650|km|mi}}
| feed =
| sights =
| armour =
| primary_armament =
| secondary_armament =
| engine = Turbojet
| engine_power =
| pw_ratio =
| payload_capacity =≤{{cvt|450|kg|lb}}
| drive =
| transmission =
| suspension =
| clearance =
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range = {{cvt|600|km|mi}}
| speed = ≤0.8 Mach.
({{cvt|980|km/h|mi/h}})
| guidance = Inertial, Terminal
| steering =
| wingspan =
| propellant =
| ceiling =
| altitude = Terrain-following
| boost =
| depth =
| accuracy = {{cvt|3.0|m|ft}} CEP{{cite web |last1=Eshel |first1=Tamir |title=Pakistan Tests Ra'ad (HATF VIII) Air-Launched Cruise Missile - Defense Update |url=https://defense-update.com/20110430_raad_hatf8.html |publisher=defense update |access-date=10 October 2023 |date=30 April 2011}}
| launch_platform = JF-17A/B, Mirage-IIIR, Mirage-VR
| transport =Combat aircraft
| ref =
}}
The Ra'ad-II ({{langx|ur|رعد-۲}} 'Thunder-2') is a standoff and an air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) derived from the Hatf-VIII Ra'ad. It was first publicly unveiled on the Pakistan Day Parade on 23 March 2017,{{cite web |date=3 July 2024 |title=Pakistan Unveils Ra'ad-II ALCM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-arming-jf-17-jets-with-raad-nuke-missiles/articleshow/111454243.cms#:~:text=A%20recent%20image%20from%20the,the%20ageing%20Mirage%20III%2FVs. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704015312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-arming-jf-17-jets-with-raad-nuke-missiles/articleshow/111454243.cms#:~:text=A%20recent%20image%20from%20the,the%20ageing%20Mirage%20III%2FVs. |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 July 2024 |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=Indiatimes.com}}
The Ra'ad features extended range, changes in its control mechanism, its guidance and enhanced flight control systems.
Testing and unveiling
On 18 February 2020, Ra'ad-II was test-fired from the Pakistan Air Force's Mirage-IIIR platform. The test was overseen by Ra'ad-II program manager, the Strategic Plans Division, developing contractor, NESCOM, and the Pakistan Air Force and Army's Strategic Commands.{{cite web|url=https://www.army-technology.com/news/us-sale-iadws-india/|title=US clears possible sale of IADWS to India for $1.867bn|website=Army Technology|date=11 February 2020 |access-date=2020-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425030905/https://www.army-technology.com/news/us-sale-iadws-india/|archive-date=2020-04-25}}{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/pakistan-test-launches-raad-ii-nuclear-capable-air-launched-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan Test Launches Ra'ad II Nuclear-Capable Air-Launched Cruise Missile|website=The Diplomat|first=Franz-Stefan|last=Gady|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422083724/https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/pakistan-test-launches-raad-ii-nuclear-capable-air-launched-cruise-missile/|archive-date=2020-04-22}}
According to the ISPR, it significantly enhanced Pakistan's air delivered strategic standoff capability on land and at sea.
Technical design
Data provided by the Inter-Services Public Relations, the Ra'ad-II has an extended range of {{cvt|600|km|mi}} and has a conventional tail fin configuration compared to the twin tail configuration of the previous version.
It has a new "X" type tail as opposed to previous versions large horizontal tails. It has a length of {{cvt|4.85|m|ft}}, and is much lighter than the previous weapon system.{{cite news |title=Ra'ad-II cruise missile can hit Delhi from deep inside Pakistan: Report |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/02/19/raad-ii-cruise-missile-can-hit-delhi-from-deep-inside-pakistan-report.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |work=The Week |language=en}} Design and control surfaces changes to Ra'ad-II allows to integrate with the JF-17 Thunder platform— the PAF's primary strike platform.
=Aerial-based deterrence=
Both Hatf-VIII Ra'ad and Ra'ad-II are seen as providing Pakistan the aerial nuclear deterrence against the much larger Indian Air Force and their air defenses in an event of large scale conventional war.{{rp|388–396}}{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Feroz |title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb |date=7 November 2012 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-8480-1 |pages=500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&q=ra%27ad |access-date=11 October 2023 |language=en}}
In a view of one former PAF's former fighter pilot, Ra'ad "treetop-hugging [
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