Rachel Levine

Born on October 28, 1957, Levine is originally from Wakefield, Massachusetts.{{cite news |last1=Goodin-Smith |first1=Oona |title=What to know about Rachel Levine, the history-making Pa. health official tapped for Biden administration |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/rachel-levine-joe-biden-assistant-health-secretary-hhs-transgender-pennsylvania-20210119.html |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=January 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120094149/https://www.inquirer.com/news/rachel-levine-joe-biden-assistant-health-secretary-hhs-transgender-pennsylvania-20210119.html |url-status=live }} Her parents, Melvin and Lillian Levine, were both lawyers.{{cite news|last=Loveland|first=Barry|date=February 6, 2017|title=LGBT Oral History: Rachel Levine|work=LGBT Center of Central PA History Project Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections|location=Carlisle, PA, USA|url=http://archives.dickinson.edu/sites/all/files/files_lgbt/LGBT-interview-transcription-Levine-Rachel-064.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=July 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716190848/http://archives.dickinson.edu/sites/all/files/files_lgbt/LGBT-interview-transcription-Levine-Rachel-064.pdf|archive-date=July 16, 2021}} Her sister, Bonnie Levine, is four years older. Levine is Jewish and grew up attending Hebrew school.{{cite news|url=https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-welcomed-as-transgender-states-new-physician-general/|title=Jewish woman welcomed as transgender, state's new physician general|date=June 24, 2015|website=Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502060515/https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-welcomed-as-transgender-states-new-physician-general/|url-status=live}} Levine earned a high school diploma from Belmont Hill School in Belmont, Massachusetts.{{Cite web|date=October 24, 2016|title=Dr. Rachel Levine '75 Offers Timely Message for Students|url=https://www.belmonthill.org/news-detail?pk=884867|access-date=January 20, 2021|website=Belmont Hill School|language=en|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126081122/https://www.belmonthill.org/news-detail?pk=884867|url-status=dead}}

Levine graduated from Harvard College and the Tulane University School of Medicine, completing a residency in pediatrics and a postdoctoral fellowship in adolescent medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in Manhattan, New York.{{cite web |last1=Choi-Schagrin |first1=Winston |date=March 20, 2020 |title=A 2018 Q&A with Dr. Rachel Levine, now leading state's coronavirus response [from The Caucus archives] |url=https://lancasteronline.com/news/politics/a-q-a-with-dr-rachel-levine-now-leading-state/article_9d565ca6-69ea-11ea-8948-5bcfb4e4dbbf.html |access-date=March 29, 2020 |website=LancasterOnline |archive-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329092303/https://lancasteronline.com/news/politics/a-q-a-with-dr-rachel-levine-now-leading-state/article_9d565ca6-69ea-11ea-8948-5bcfb4e4dbbf.html |url-status=live }}

After completing her training in pediatrics and psychiatry at New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital, Levine moved from Manhattan to central Pennsylvania in 1993 where she joined the faculty of the Penn State College of Medicine and the staff at Penn State Hershey Medical Center.{{Cite web |last=Health (ASH) |first=Assistant Secretary for |date=2021-03-26 |title=Admiral Rachel L. Levine, MD |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/rachel-levine.html |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=HHS.gov |language=en |archive-date=April 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404152741/https://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/rachel-levine.html |url-status=live }} During her tenure, she created Penn State Hershey Medical Center's Division of Adolescent Medicine and the Penn State Hershey Eating Disorders Program. She was in charge of the latter when she was nominated for the position of Pennsylvania physician general in 2015.

In 2015, Levine was nominated by Pennsylvania Governor-elect Tom Wolf to serve as Pennsylvania's physician general. In one of her most lauded actions as physician general, Levine signed an order allowing law enforcement officers to carry naloxone.{{Cite news |last=Zezima |first=Katie |date=2016-06-01 |title=Meet Rachel Levine, one of the very few transgender public officials in America |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/meet-rachel-levine-one-of-the-very-few-transgender-public-officials-in-america/2016/06/01/cf6e2332-2415-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |access-date=2022-07-11 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329053607/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/meet-rachel-levine-one-of-the-very-few-transgender-public-officials-in-america/2016/06/01/cf6e2332-2415-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |url-status=live }}

A 2016 statewide audit of Pennsylvania nursing homes found "outdated regulations, dangerously low staffing requirements for nurses, and overarching issues with weak and inconsistent inspections."{{cite news |last=Moss |first=Rebecca |date=June 13, 2020 |title=The coronavirus exploited failure of Pa. health officials to improve long-standing problems with nursing home oversight |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2020/06/pennsylvania-coronavirus-nursing-homes-staffing-audits-problems-deaths/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}} Three years later the Pennsylvania auditor general found little had changed. Responding to the audit and allegations that her department had failed to remedy the shortcomings, Levine said "new regulations were imminent and would fix the problems." However, more than a year later, reporters with the investigative partnership Spotlight PA found: "Not only do problems remain, but the coronavirus has likely exploited the shortcomings, fueling deadly outbreaks across the state."

In July 2017, Governor Wolf appointed Levine as Secretary of Health, and she was unanimously confirmed by the Pennsylvania State Senate.{{Cite web |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rachel Levine about to become the First Elected Official to be confirmed by the Senate News |url=https://sites.psu.edu/thebehrendbeacon/2021/01/27/rachel-levine-about-to-become-the-first-elected-official-to-be-confirmed-by-the-senate/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=sites.psu.edu |language=en-US}}

File:Gov. Wolf Thanks Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Staff During Visit.jpg with Gov. Tom Wolf at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center in June 2020]]

During 2020 and until January 23, 2021, Levine led the public health response on COVID-19 in Pennsylvania as the state secretary of health.{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2020 |title=Meet the Transgender Doctor Leading Pennsylvania's COVID-19 Response |url=https://www.advocate.com/health/2020/3/30/meet-transgender-doctor-leading-pennsylvanias-covid-19-response |access-date=April 24, 2020 |website=www.advocate.com |language=en}} She worked closely on a daily basis with the FEMA director and led a daily press briefing.{{cite news |last1=DeJesus |first1=Ivey |title=Who is Rachel Levine? Pa. health secretary offers calm, reassurance amid pandemic |url=https://www.witf.org/2020/03/19/who-is-rachel-levine-pa-health-secretary-offers-calm-reassurance-amid-pandemic/ |work=WITF |agency=PennLive |date=March 19, 2020 }} Levine also came in for criticism over her handling of the pandemic, particularly in regard to nursing home patients.{{cite news |author= |date=May 11, 2020 |title=Pennsylvania state senator calls for resignation of Health Secretary Dr. Rachel Levine |url=https://triblive.com/local/regional/pennsylvania-state-senator-calls-for-resignation-of-health-secretary-dr-rachel-levine/ |work=The Patriot-News |location=Harrisburg, PA |access-date=October 28, 2021}}{{cite news |author= |date=January 21, 2021 |title=Pa. health secretary departs with mixed record on COVID-19 |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/newsletters/investigator/2021-01-21-1700/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 5, 2021}}

On March 18, 2020, Levine directed nursing homes to admit new patients, including "stable patients who have had the COVID-19 virus” despite the warnings of nursing home trade groups that such policies "could unnecessarily cost more lives."{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=David |last2=Barchenger |first2=Stacey |last3=Powers |first3=Kelly |last4=Ciavaglia |first4=Jo |date=May 1, 2020 |title=States ordered nursing homes to take COVID-19 residents. Thousands died. How it happened |url=https://www.buckscountycouriertimes.com/news/20200501/states-ordered-nursing-homes-to-take-covid-19-residents-thousands-died-how-it-happened |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502070915/https://www.buckscountycouriertimes.com/news/20200501/states-ordered-nursing-homes-to-take-covid-19-residents-thousands-died-how-it-happened |archive-date=May 2, 2020 |work=Bucks County Courier Times |location=Levittown, PA |access-date=November 5, 2021}} Although the stated purpose of this decision was to alleviate overcrowding in "acute care settings”, according to a team of reporters from the USA Today Network and Bucks County Courier Times, hospitals in most Pennsylvania counties were not experiencing overcrowding at the time. Spotlight PA, also noted that, under Levine, Pennsylvania had a "robust and aggressive" plan to protect nursing home residents but it "was never fully implemented".{{cite news |last1=Pattani |first1=Aneri |last2=Moss |first2=Rebecca |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Pa. had early plan to protect nursing homes from the coronavirus, but never fully implemented it |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2020/05/pennsylvania-coronavirus-nursing-homes-plan-quick-strike-teams/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 5, 2021}} Spotlight PA also repeatedly reported on erroneous reporting of COVID deaths and other data by state officials.{{cite news |last=Pattani |first=Aneri |date=May 21, 2020 |title=Pa. health officials quietly alter erroneous nursing home case, death counts as providers cry foul |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2020/05/pennsylvania-nursing-homes-coronavirus-counts-errors/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}}{{cite news |last=Simon |first=Sarah |date=June 17, 2020 |title=Health officials failed to safeguard trust in Pa.’s coronavirus data, sowing confusion |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2020/06/pennsylvania-coronavirus-data-death-cases-confusion/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}}{{cite news |last=Martines |first=Jamie |date=February 25, 2021 |title=Levine questioned on missing Pa. nursing home data in federal confirmation hearing |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2021/02/rachel-levine-pennsylvania-nursing-homes-data-joe-biden-senate-confirmation/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}}{{cite news |last=Martines |first=Jamie |date=March 18, 2021 |title=Levine pressed for answers on Pa.’s missing nursing home data as confirmation advances |url=https://www.spotlightpa.org/news/2021/03/pa-coronavirus-rachel-levine-nursing-homes-missing-data-congressional-republicans/ |work=Spotlight PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}}

On May 12, 2020, WHTM reported that following the change in nursing home admissions policies, Levine had moved her own mother out of a nursing home.{{cite news |author= |date=May 12, 2020 |title=Pennsylvania Health Secretary offers guidance for nursing homes, governor insists on gradual reopening |url=https://www.abc27.com/news/pennsylvania/pennsylvania-health-secretary-offers-guidance-governor-insists-on-gradual-reopening/ |work=WHTM |location=Harrisburg, PA |access-date=October 28, 2021}} Levine defended the move: " 'My mother requested, and my sister and I as her children complied to move her to another location during the Covid-19 outbreak,' Levine said. 'My mother is 95 years old. She is very intelligent and more than competent to make her own decisions.' " By the summer of 2020, around 70% of COVID deaths in Pennsylvania were in nursing homes, leading to renewed criticism that state officials were "letting infected patients back into nursing homes" and also that the state had stopped health inspections nursing homes.{{cite news |last1=Prose |first1=J.D. |last2=Woodall |first2=Candy |date=August 11, 2020 |title=Costly COVID-19 mistakes: Pennsylvania nursing homes in midst of second wave of COVID-19 |url=https://www.timesonline.com/story/news/local/2020/08/12/costly-covid-19-mistakes-pennsylvania-nursing-homes-in-midst-of-second-wave-of-covid-19/42204291/ |work=The Beaver County Times |access-date=November 5, 2021}}{{cite news |author= |date=June 27, 2020 |title=Dr. Rachel Levine Defends Response To Coronavirus Outbreak Inside Nursing Homes |url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2020/06/27/dr-levine-defends-pandemic-response-nursing-homes/ |quote=Pennsylvania’s health secretary on Friday defended her agency’s handling of the COVID-19 outbreak inside the nursing homes and personal care facilities that account for almost 70% of the state’s nearly 6,600 fatalities. |agency=Associated Press |work=KDKA-TV |location=Harrisburg, PA |access-date=October 28, 2021}}

The issue of Levine's mother and the high COVID death toll in Pennsylvania nursing homes would momentarily be highlighted nationally after President Biden nominated Levine for the post of US Assistant Secretary for Health.{{cite news |last=Marnin |first=Julia |date=January 19, 2021 |title=Fact Check: Did Biden's Health Pick Put COVID-19 Patients Into Nursing Homes? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-bidens-assistant-secretary-health-pick-contribute-elderly-deaths-1562802 |work=Newsweek |access-date=October 28, 2021}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58974627|title=Rachel Levine: Transgender official sworn in as four-star admiral|publisher=BBC News|date=October 20, 2021|accessdate=November 5, 2021}} As Newsweek reported, "The criticism ... has come from a few Republican leaders ..." Newsweek also fact-checked the claim that Levine put COVID-19 patients into nursing homes, concluding the claim was false and "There is no evidence to support [Representative Marjorie Taylor] Greene's claim that Levine placed coronavirus-positive patients in nursing home facilities, thus likely contributing 'to the thousands of elderly deaths in Pennsylvania.' " Questions about missing nursing home COVID death and case data would also come up again during Levine's confirmation hearings.

In 2021, Pennsylvania nursing home trade groups indicated they were unaware of any nursing home in the state that was forced to involuntarily accept a COVID-positive patient or that Levine's March 18, 2020, order had led to any deaths or disease outbreaks.{{cite news |author= |date=July 22, 2021 |title=DOJ Won’t Investigate How Pennsylvania Handled Nursing Homes |url=https://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2021/07/22/doj-pennsylvania-nursing-homes-covid/ |agency=Associated Press |work=KYW-TV |location=Philadelphia, PA |access-date=November 6, 2021}} In July 2021 the US Department of Justice (DoJ) announced it would not be investigating "whether Pennsylvania violated federal law by ordering nursing homes to accept residents who had been treated for COVID-19 in a hospital." Eleven months earlier, the DoJ had informed the governors of Pennsylvania and three other states it was seeking information to determine whether such orders "may have resulted in the deaths of thousands of elderly nursing home residents."

File:Rachel Levine sworn in as Assistant Secretary for Health.jpg Xavier Becerra after being sworn in as assistant secretary for health, 27 March 2021]]

On 13 February 2021, President Joe Biden formally nominated Levine to serve as Assistant Secretary for Health.{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=2021-02-13 |title=Nominations Sent to the Senate |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/13/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-2/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=The White House |language=en-US |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628010546/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/13/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-2/ |url-status=live }} Her confirmation hearing with the Senate HELP Committee took place on 25 February. On 17 March, the committee voted 13–9 to advance her nomination for a full Senate vote.{{Cite web |date=2021-03-24 |title=PN121 - Nomination of Rachel Leland Levine for Department of Health and Human Services, 117th Congress (2021-2022) |url=http://www.congress.gov/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.congress.gov |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/ |url-status=live }} On 24 March, the Senate voted 52–48, with all Democrats and two Republicans — Susan Collins from Maine and Lisa Murkowski from Alaska — joining all members of the Senate Democratic Caucus to confirm her nomination.{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 1st Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00134.htm |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.senate.gov |archive-date=September 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905060807/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00134.htm |url-status=live }} Levine is the first openly transgender person to hold an office that requires Senate confirmation.{{Cite news |title=Rachel Levine, historic transgender nominee, confirmed as assistant health secretary |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/03/24/rachel-levine-confirmed/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=February 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205183432/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/03/24/rachel-levine-confirmed/ |url-status=live }}

On 19 October 2021, Levine was commissioned as a four-star admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, becoming the first openly transgender four-star officer in any of the United States uniformed services as well as the first female four-star admiral in the Commissioned Corps.{{Cite web |last=Health (OASH) |first=Office of the Assistant Secretary for |date=2021-10-19 |title=Statements by Officials of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Commemorating the First Openly Transgender Four-Star Officer and First Female Four-Star Admiral of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps on October 19, 2021 |url=https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/20-10-2021T11:41/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/10/19/statements-officials-us-department-health-and-human-services-commemorating-first-openly-transgender-four-star-officer-first-female-four-star-admiral.html |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=HHS.gov |language=en |archive-date=September 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905060808/https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/20-10-2021T11:41/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/10/19/statements-officials-us-department-health-and-human-services-commemorating-first-openly-transgender-four-star-officer-first-female-four-star-admiral.html |url-status=live }}

Shortly after her confirmation, Levine told NBC News that LGBTQ youth are topmost in her mind when it comes to addressing health disparities in the United States.{{Cite web |title=Transgender federal official Rachel Levine tells LGBTQ youths: 'I have your back' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/transgender-federal-official-rachel-levine-tells-lgbtq-youths-i-have-n1268795 |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=NBC News |date=June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711131834/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/transgender-federal-official-rachel-levine-tells-lgbtq-youths-i-have-n1268795 |url-status=live }} She cited bullying, suicide, discriminatory policies, and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic as pressing issues among LGBTQ youth. Levine has also expressed concerns about vaccine hesitancy among LGBTQ youth who are more likely to experience medical distrust and less likely to seek medical care.{{Cite journal |last1=Teixeira da Silva |first1=Daniel |last2=Biello |first2=Katie |last3=Lin |first3=Willey Y. |last4=Valente |first4=Pablo K. |last5=Mayer |first5=Kenneth H. |last6=Hightow-Weidman |first6=Lisa |last7=Bauermeister |first7=José A. |date=March 2021 |title=COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among an Online Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Men and Transgender Women |journal=Vaccines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=204 |doi=10.3390/vaccines9030204 |pmid=33804530 |pmc=7999863 |issn=2076-393X|doi-access=free }}

During an April 2022 speech at Texas Christian University, Levine criticized "disturbing – and frankly discriminatory – laws and actions" that many states have implemented that affect the lives of LGBTQ youth.{{Cite news |title=Rachel Levine calls state anti-LGBTQ bills disturbing and dangerous to trans youth |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/04/29/1095227346/rachel-levine-calls-state-anti-lgbtq-bills-disturbing-and-dangerous-to-trans-you |access-date=2022-07-11 |archive-date=September 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905060808/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/04/29/1095227346/rachel-levine-calls-state-anti-lgbtq-bills-disturbing-and-dangerous-to-trans-you |url-status=live }} In an interview with NPR, she cited a range of policies, including Florida's "Don't Say Gay" bill and Texas' push to investigate parents who provide gender-affirming care to their transgender children.{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=2022-06-10 |title=A judge blocks Texas from investigating families of trans youth |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/10/1104343876/judge-blocks-texas-investigating-families-trans-youth |access-date=2022-07-11 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711131556/https://www.npr.org/2022/06/10/1104343876/judge-blocks-texas-investigating-families-trans-youth |url-status=live }} Arguing that such policies are based on politics rather than public health, Levine encouraged people to contact the Office for Civil Rights when they feel discriminated against and vowed to provide support to those who contact her office.

File:Rachel Levine Karine Jean-Pierre 2022.jpg hold a pride flag in 2022]]

Levine is a transgender woman and uses she/her pronouns.{{Cite web|last=Srikanth|first=Anagha|date=January 19, 2021|title=Rachel Levine could be the first transgender official confirmed by Congress. Who is she?|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/diversity-inclusion/534777-rachel-levine-could-be-the-first-transgender|access-date=April 16, 2021|website=The Hill|language=en|archive-date=October 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023195434/https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/diversity-inclusion/534777-rachel-levine-could-be-the-first-transgender/|url-status=live}} She has two children{{Cite web|title=Inside Tulane Med|url=http://tmaaarchive.tulane.edu/newsletters/2013sept/classnotes.html|access-date=May 22, 2020|website=tmaaarchive.tulane.edu|archive-date=August 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822092306/http://tmaaarchive.tulane.edu/newsletters/2013sept/classnotes.html|url-status=dead}} with Martha Peaslee Levine, whom she married in 1988{{Cite web|date=December 29, 2008|title=resume www.writerdoc.com|url=http://www.writerdoc.com/resume.html#Doctor|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229090711/http://www.writerdoc.com/resume.html#Doctor|archive-date=December 29, 2008|access-date=May 22, 2020}} during Levine's last year of medical school. They divorced in 2013.{{cite news|last1=Levine|first1=Martha Peaslee|date=November 5, 2013|title=How Do You Measure Your Life?|work=Psychology Today|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-write-health/201311/how-do-you-measure-your-life|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726153738/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-write-health/201311/how-do-you-measure-your-life|url-status=live}}

Levine began exploring her gender identity in her 40s, and transitioned in 2011.{{cite web | url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/rachel-levine | title=Biography: Rachel Levine }} She has served as a board member of Equality Pennsylvania, an LGBT rights organization.

Levine was named as one of USA Today{{'}}s Women of the Year in 2022.{{Cite web |last=Hackney |first=Suzette |date=2022-03-13 |title='Be true to yourself': A message from the nation's highest-ranking openly transgender official |url=https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/opinion/2022/03/13/rachel-levine-honoree-usa-today-women-of-the-year/6600134001/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=USA Today |language=en |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322031028/https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/opinion/2022/03/13/rachel-levine-honoree-usa-today-women-of-the-year/6600134001/ |url-status=live }}

• {{cite journal |last1=Fassbender |first1=Laura |last2=Zander |first2=Gwendolyn B. |last3=Levine |first3=Rachel L. |title=Beyond rescue, treatment, and prevention: understanding the broader impact of the opioid epidemic at the state level. |journal=The American Journal of Managed Care |date=July 2019 |volume=25 |issue=13 Suppl |pages=S239–S240 |pmid=31361432 |url=https://www.ajmc.com/pubMed.php?pii=88091 }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Ashburn |first1=Michael A. |last2=Levine |first2=Rachel L. |title=Pennsylvania State Core Competencies for Education on Opioids and Addiction |journal=Pain Medicine |date=October 1, 2017 |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=1890–1894 |doi=10.1093/pm/pnw348 |pmid=28339890 |s2cid=205292295 |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Mahr |first1=Fauzia |last2=Farahmand |first2=Pantea |last3=Bixler |first3=Edward O. |last4=Domen |first4=Ronald E |last5=Moser |first5=Eileen M. |last6=Nadeem |first6=Tania |last7=Levine |first7=Rachel L. |last8=Halmi |first8=Katherine A. |title=A national survey of eating disorder training: National Survey of Eating Disorder Training |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |date=May 2015 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=443–445 |doi=10.1002/eat.22335 |pmid=25047025 }}
• {{cite journal |last1=McFillin |first1=R. K. |last2=Cahn |first2=S. C. |last3=Burks |first3=V. S. |last4=Levine |first4=M. P. |last5=Loney |first5=S. L. |last6=Levine |first6=R. L. |date=2012 |title=Social Information-Processing and Coping in Adolescent Females Diagnosed With an Eating Disorder: Toward a Greater Understanding of Control |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2012.635565 |journal= Eating Disorders|volume=20 |issue=1 |pages= 42–59 |doi=10.1080/10640266.2012.635565 |pmid=22188059 |s2cid=205730298 |access-date=2021-05-22}}
• {{cite book |last1=Levine |first1=M. M. P. |last2=Levine |first2=R. L. |chapter=Psychiatric Medication |editor-last1=Maine |editor-first1=M. |editor-last2=McGilley |editor-first2=B. H. |editor-last3= Bunnell |editor-first3=D. W. |title=Treatment of Eating Disorders; Bridging the Research – Practice Gap |publisher= Academic Press |date=2010 |pages=111–126 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-375668-8.10007-5 |chapter-url= https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375668-8.10007-5 |isbn= 978-0-12-375668-8}}
• {{cite conference |url=https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AEDWEB/27a3b69a-8aae-45b2-a04c-2a078d02145d/UploadedImages/Events/2009-PROGRAM.pdf |title= Eating disorders in anabaptist patients: Offering insights into the etiology of eating disorders |last1=Levine |first1=M. P. |last2= Gershenson |first2=B. |last3= Falkinburg |first3=K. |last4=Levine |first4=R. |date=April 30 – May 2, 2009 |publisher=Academy for Eating Disorders |book-title= |pages= |location=Cancun, Mexico |conference=International Conference on Eating Disorders 2009 |access-date=22 May 2021}}
• {{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=M. P. |last2=Levine |first2=R. L. |date=4 March 2008 |title=The Medical Minute: Eating disorder awareness |url=https://news.psu.edu/story/190122/2008/03/04/medical-minute-eating-disorder-awareness |work=Penn State News |location=Hershey, PA |access-date=2021-05-22 |archive-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711061813/https://news.psu.edu/story/190122/2008/03/04/medical-minute-eating-disorder-awareness |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=T. E. |last2=Parvin |first2=M. |last3=Petersen |first3=C. |last4=Faircloth |first4=V. C. |last5=Levine |first5=R. L. |date=2007 |title=A case report of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with anorexia nervosa – restricting type |url=https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(06)00567-2 |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=376–383 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.140 |pmid=17367738 |access-date=2021-05-22 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=R. L. |date=2002 |title=Endocrine aspects of eating disorders in adolescents |url= https://www.proquest.com/openview/b7852e6b02f3fe26fe7c7909c850dc35/1 |journal=Adolescent Medicine |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=129–144 |pmid=11841960 |access-date=2021-05-22}}
• {{cite book |last1= Ostrov |first1=B. E. |last2=Levine |first2=R. L. |editor-last1= Isenberg |editor-first1=D. K. |editor-last2=Miller |editor-first2=J. J. III |title= Adolescent Rheumatology |publisher= Taylor & Francis |date=1998 |pages=301–324 |chapter=16. Interactions of puberty with rheumatic diseases, contraception and gynaecological issues |isbn= 978-1-853-17553-4}}
• {{cite book |last1=Henderson |first1=C. J. |last2= Ostrov |first2=B. E. |last3=Levine |first3=R. L. |last4=Lovell |first4=D. J. |editor-last1= Isenberg |editor-first1=D. K. |editor-last2=Miller |editor-first2=J. J. III |title= Adolescent Rheumatology |publisher= Taylor & Francis |date=1998 |pages=325–340 |chapter=17. Nutrition and the adolescent with rheumatic disease |isbn= 978-1-853-17553-4}}

• List of transgender political office-holders
• List of transgender public officeholders in the United States

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• [https://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/rachel-levine.html Biography] at U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
• [https://www.health.pa.gov/About/Pages/Leadership.aspx Pennsylvania Secretary of Health profile]

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{{United States Assistant Secretary for Health}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Levine, Rachel}}

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