Senate Democratic Caucus
{{short description|Formal organization of U.S. Democratic Senators}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Senate Democratic Caucus
| logo = US Democratic Party 2025 logo (positive).svg
| colorcode = {{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}
| leader1_title = Part of
| leader1_name = United States Senate
| leader2_title = Chair and Floor Leader
| leader2_name = Chuck Schumer (NY)
| leader3_title = Floor Whip
| leader3_name = Dick Durbin (IL)
| leader4_title = Vice Chairs
| leader4_name = Mark Warner (VA)
{{no wrap|Elizabeth Warren (MA)}}
| leader5_title = Secretary
| leader5_name = Tammy Baldwin (WI)
| affiliation1_title = Affiliation
| affiliation1 = Democratic Party
| seats1_title = Seats
| seats1 = {{composition bar|47|100|{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}}}
| colors = {{color box|{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}}} Blue
| position = Center-left
| ideology = Modern liberalism
| website = [https://www.democrats.senate.gov democrats.senate.gov]
| country = the United States
}}
{{United States Senate}}
The Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate, sometimes referred to as the Democratic Conference, is the formal organization of all senators who are part of the Democratic Party in the United States Senate. For the makeup of the 119th Congress, the caucus additionally includes two independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine) who caucus with the Democrats, bringing the current total to 47 members. The central organizational front for Democrats in the Senate, its primary function is communicating the party's message to all of its members under a single banner. The present chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus is Chuck Schumer of New York.
Current leadership
Effective with the start of the 119th Congress, the conference leadership is as follows:
- Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Leadership & Officers |url=https://www.senate.gov/senators/leadership.htm |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.senate.gov}}
- Democratic Whip Dick Durbin
- Chair of Steering and Policy Committee Amy Klobuchar
- Chair of Strategic Communications Committee Cory Booker
- Vice Chair of the Caucus Elizabeth Warren
- Vice Chair of the Caucus Mark Warner
- Chair of Outreach Bernie Sanders
- Caucus Secretary Tammy Baldwin
- Vice Chair of Outreach Catherine Cortez Masto
- Deputy Caucus Secretary Brian Schatz{{efn|Concurrently serves as Chief Deputy Whip on Durbin's Whip Operations Team.{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Durbin Announces Senate Democratic Whip Operations For 119th Congress |url=https://www.durbin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/durbin-announces-senate-democratic-whip-operations-for-119th-congress|access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Dick Durbin United States Senator Illinois Newsroom|language=en}}}}
- Deputy Caucus Secretary Chris Murphy
- Vice Chair of Steering and Policy Committee Jeanne Shaheen{{Cite web |title=Rules for the Democratic Conference |url=https://www.democrats.senate.gov/rules-for-the-democratic-conference |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.democrats.senate.gov}}{{efn|name=vice chairs|According to the Rules of the Democratic Conference section VI.1 "Officers of the Conference" members included 2 vice chairs of the Policy & Communications Committee now restructured into 2 committees; Steering & Policy, vice chaired by Jeanne Shaheen and Strategic Communications, vice chaired by Tina Smith}}
- Vice Chair of Strategic Communications Committee Tina Smith{{efn|name="vice chairs"}}
History
The conference was formally organized on March 6, 1903, electing a chair to preside over its members and a secretary to keep minutes. Until that time, this caucus was often disorganized, philosophically divided and had neither firm written rules of governance nor a clear mission.
Chairs
Since Oscar Underwood's election in 1920, the chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus has also concurrently served as the floor leader as part of an unwritten tradition.
| class="wikitable" style="width:75%; text-align:center;" |
| Congress
! colspan="2" | Leader ! State ! Took office ! Left office ! colspan="2" | Majority Leader |
|---|
| 43rd
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | John W. Stevenson | rowspan="2" | Kentucky | rowspan="2" | {{dts|December 1873}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1877}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority|Although the Senate Majority Leader for this Congress is unknown, the Republican Party had a majority.}} |
| 44th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 45th
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | William A. Wallace | rowspan="2" | Pennsylvania | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1877}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1881}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 46th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown dem majority|Although the Senate Majority Leader for this Congress is unknown, the Democratic Party had a majority.}} |
| rowspan="2" | 47th
| rowspan="3" | 150px | rowspan="3" | George H. Pendleton | rowspan="3" | Ohio | rowspan="3" | {{dts|March 4, 1881}} | rowspan="3" | {{dts|March 4, 1885}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|The Republican Party had a majority in the Senate for the first special Senate session of the 47th Congress from March to May 1881. Beginning with the second special Senate session in October 1881 and continuing until the end of the 47th Congress, the Senate was split between parties.}} |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}};" | |
| 48th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 49th
| rowspan="3" | 150px | rowspan="3" | James B. Beck | rowspan="3" | Kentucky | rowspan="3" | {{dts|March 4, 1885}} | rowspan="3" | {{dts|May 3, 1890}}{{efn|name=died|Died in office.}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 50th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 51st
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 51st
| rowspan="5" | 150px | rowspan="5" | Arthur Pue Gorman | rowspan="5" | Maryland | rowspan="5" | {{dts|May 3, 1890}} | rowspan="5" | {{dts|April 29, 1898}}{{efn|name=resigned|Resigned from office.}} |
| 52nd
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 53rd
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|1893–1895}} |
| 54th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 55th
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 55th
| 150px | David Turpie | Indiana | {{dts|April 29, 1898}} | {{dts|March 4, 1899}} |
| 56th
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | James Kimbrough Jones | rowspan="2" | Arkansas | rowspan="2" | {{dts|December 1899}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1903}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 57th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 58th
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | Arthur Pue Gorman | rowspan="2" | Maryland | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1903}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|June 4, 1906}}{{efn|name=died}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| rowspan="2" | 59th
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 150px
| Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn | Kentucky | {{dts|June 4, 1906}} | {{dts|March 4, 1907}} |
| 60th
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | Charles Allen Culberson | rowspan="2" | Texas | rowspan="2" | {{dts|December 1907}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|December 9, 1909}}{{efn|name=resigned}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| rowspan="2" | 61st
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 150px
| Hernando Money | {{dts|December 9, 1909}} | {{dts|March 4, 1911}} |
| 62nd
| 150px | Thomas S. Martin | Virginia | {{dts|April 1911}} | {{dts|March 4, 1913}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Unknown{{efn|name=unknown rep majority}} |
| 63rd
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | John W. Kern | rowspan="2" | Indiana | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1913}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1917}} | rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" | Himself {{small|1913–1917}} |
| 64th |
| 65th
| rowspan="2" | 150px | rowspan="2" | Thomas S. Martin | rowspan="2" | Virginia | rowspan="2" | {{dts|March 4, 1917}} | rowspan="2" | {{dts|November 12, 1919}}{{efn|name=died}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|1917–1919}} |
| 66th
| rowspan="5" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="5" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Lodge {{small|1919–1924}} |
| style="background-color:#E6E6AA;"
| 66th | 150px | Gilbert Hitchcock{{efn|name=acting|Acting chair.}} | Nebraska | {{dts|November 12, 1919}} | {{dts|April 27, 1920}} |
| 66th
| rowspan="3" | 150px | rowspan="3" | Oscar Underwood | rowspan="3" | Alabama | rowspan="3" | {{dts|April 27, 1920}} | rowspan="3" | {{dts|December 3, 1923}} |
| 67th |
| 68th |
| 68th
| rowspan="8" | 150px | rowspan="8" | Joseph Taylor Robinson | rowspan="8" | Arkansas | rowspan="8" | {{dts|December 3, 1923}} | rowspan="8" | {{dts|July 14, 1937}}{{efn|name=died}} | rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Curtis {{small|1924–1929}} |
| 69th |
| 70th |
| 71st
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Watson {{small|1929–1933}} |
| 72nd |
| 73rd
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" | Himself {{small|1933–1937}} |
| 74th |
| rowspan="2" | 75th |
| rowspan="6" | 150px
| rowspan="6" | Alben W. Barkley | rowspan="6" | Kentucky | rowspan="6" | {{dts|July 14, 1937}} | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 1949}}{{efn|name=resigned veep|Resigned to become Vice President of the United States.}} | rowspan="5" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="5" | Himself {{small|1937–1947}} |
| 76th |
| 77th |
| 78th |
| 79th |
| 80th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | White {{small|1947–1949}} |
| 81st
| 150px | Scott W. Lucas | Illinois | {{dts|January 3, 1949}} | {{dts|January 3, 1951}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|1949–1951}} |
| 82nd
| 150px | Ernest McFarland | Arizona | {{dts|January 3, 1951}} | {{dts|January 3, 1953}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|1951–1953}} |
| rowspan="2" | 83rd
| rowspan="5" | 150px | rowspan="5" | Lyndon B. Johnson | rowspan="5" | Texas | rowspan="5" | {{dts|January 3, 1953}} | rowspan="5" | {{dts|January 3, 1961}}{{efn|name=resigned veep}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Taft {{small|1953}} |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
| style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Knowland {{small|1953–1955}} |
| 84th
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" | Himself {{small|1955–1961}} |
| 85th |
| 86th |
| 87th
| rowspan="8" | 150px | rowspan="8" | Mike Mansfield | rowspan="8" | Montana | rowspan="8" | {{dts|January 3, 1961}} | rowspan="8" | {{dts|January 3, 1977}} | rowspan="8" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="8" | Himself {{small|1961–1977}} |
| 88th |
| 89th |
| 90th |
| 91st |
| 92nd |
| 93rd |
| 94th |
| 95th
| rowspan="6" | 150px | rowspan="6" | Robert Byrd | rowspan="6" | West Virginia | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 1977}} | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 1989}} | rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" | Himself {{small|1977–1981}} |
| 96th |
| 97th
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Baker {{small|1981–1985}} |
| 98th |
| 99th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Dole {{small|1985–1987}} |
| 100th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|1987–1989}} |
| 101st
| rowspan="3" | 150px | rowspan="3" | George J. Mitchell | rowspan="3" | Maine | rowspan="3" | {{dts|January 3, 1989}} | rowspan="3" | {{dts|January 3, 1995}} | rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" | Himself {{small|1989–1995}} |
| 102nd |
| 103rd |
| 104th
| rowspan="9" | 150px | rowspan="9" | Tom Daschle | rowspan="9" | South Dakota | rowspan="9" | {{dts|January 3, 1995}} | rowspan="9" | {{dts|January 3, 2005}} | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Dole {{small|1995–1996}} |
| 104th
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Lott {{small|1996–2001}} |
| 105th |
| 106th |
| rowspan="4" | 107th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | Himself {{small|2001}} |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
| style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Lott {{small|2001}} |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
| Himself {{small|2001–2002}} |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
| style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Lott {{small|2002–2003}} |
| 108th
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Frist {{small|2003–2007}} |
| 109th
| rowspan="6" | 150px | rowspan="6" | Harry Reid | rowspan="6" | Nevada | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 2005}} | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 2017}} |
| 110th
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="4" | Himself {{small|2007–2015}} |
| 111th |
| 112th |
| 113th |
| 114th
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | McConnell {{small|2015–2021}} |
| 115th
| rowspan="6" | 150px | rowspan="6" | Chuck Schumer | rowspan="6" | New York | rowspan="6" | {{dts|January 3, 2017}} | rowspan="6" | Incumbent |
| 116th |
| rowspan="2" | 117th |
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
| rowspan="2" | Himself {{small|2021–2025}} |
| 118th |
| 119th
| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | | style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Thune {{small|2025–present}} |
=Notes=
{{Notelist}}
Vice chairs
After the victory of Democrats in the midterm elections of 2006, an overwhelming majority in the conference wanted to reward Chuck Schumer, then the chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, with a position in the leadership hierarchy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} In response, then-Democratic Leader Harry Reid created the position of vice-chair when Democrats formally took control in 2007.{{cite news |last1=Bolton |first1=Alexander |title=Schumer becomes new Senate majority leader |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/524322-schumer-becomes-new-senate-majority-leader |access-date=January 23, 2021 |work=The Hill |date=January 20, 2021}} Schumer ascended to Reid's position following his retirement after the 2016 elections. The position was then split, with one co-chair awarded to Mark Warner and the other awarded to Elizabeth Warren.
| class="wikitable"
!Congress !Vice Chair(s) !State !Term Start !Term End |
| 110th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|January 3, 2007 |rowspan=5|January 3, 2017 |
| 111th |
| 112th |
| 113th |
| 114th |
| 115th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|January 3, 2017 |rowspan=5|present |
| 116th |
| 117th |
| 118th |
| 119th |
Caucus secretary
The United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary, also called the Caucus Secretary was previously considered the number-three position, behind the party's floor leader and the party's whip, until in 2006, when Democratic leader Harry Reid created the new position of Vice-Chairman of the caucus. Now, the secretary is the fourth-highest ranking position. The conference secretary is responsible for taking notes and aiding the party leadership when senators of the party meet or caucus together.{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Conference_Secretaries.htm|title=Conference Secretaries|website=U.S. Senate}}
The first conference secretary was Sen. Edward W. Carmack of Tennessee, who was elected in March 1903.{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Democratic_Caucus_Organized.htm|title=Senate Democratic Caucus Organized|website=U.S. Senate}}
The current conference secretary is Sen. Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, who assumed the office in January 2017.
| class=wikitable
!Congress !Secretary !State !Term Start !Term End |
| 58th
|rowspan=2| |rowspan=2| |rowspan=2|March 6, 1903 |rowspan=2|March 3, 1907 |
| 59th |
| 60th
|rowspan=2| |rowspan=2| |rowspan=2|December 3, 1907{{efn|The 60th Congress began on March 4, 1907; however Owen did not take office until the start of the 1st Session of the 60th Congress on December 2, 1907.}} |rowspan=2|March 4, 1911 |
| 61st |
| 62nd
| | |March 4, 1911 |March 4, 1913 |
| 63rd
| | |March 4, 1913 |March 3, 1915 |
| rowspan=2|64th
| Willard Saulsbury Jr.
| Delaware
|March 3, 1915 |December 14, 1916 |
Key Pittman ({{small|Acting}})
| |December 14, 1916 |March 3, 1917 |
| 65th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|March 4, 1917 |rowspan=5|March 3, 1927 |
| 66th |
| 67th |
| 68th |
| 69th |
| 70th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|March 4, 1927 |rowspan=5|January 3, 1937 |
| 71st |
| 72nd |
| 73rd |
| 74th |
| 75th
|rowspan=3| |rowspan=3| |rowspan=3|January 3, 1937 |rowspan=3|January 3, 1943 |
| 76th |
| 77th |
| 78th
| |January 3, 1943 |January 3, 1945 |
| 79th
|rowspan=4| |rowspan=4| |rowspan=4|January 3, 1945 |rowspan=4|July 28, 1952 |
| 80th |
| 81st |
| 82nd |
| 83rd
|rowspan=3| |rowspan=3| |rowspan=3|January 3, 1953 |rowspan=3|January 3, 1959 |
| 84th |
| 85th |
| rowspan=2|86th
| Thomas Hennings
| Missouri
|January 3, 1959 |September 13, 1960 |
|
| |September 3, 1960 |January 3, 1961 |
| 87th
|rowspan=3| George Smathers
|rowspan=3| Florida
|rowspan=3|January 3, 1961 |rowspan=3|January 3, 1967 |
| 88th |
| 89th |
| 90th
|rowspan=2| |rowspan=2| |rowspan=2|January 3, 1967 |rowspan=2|January 3, 1971 |
| 91st |
| 92nd
|rowspan=3| |rowspan=3| |rowspan=3|January 3, 1971 |rowspan=3|January 3, 1977 |
| 93rd |
| 94th |
| 95th
|rowspan=6| |rowspan=6| |rowspan=6|January 3, 1977 |rowspan=6|January 3, 1989 |
| 96th |
| 97th |
| 98th |
| 99th |
| 100th |
| 101st
|rowspan=3| |rowspan=3| |rowspan=3|January 3, 1989 |rowspan=3|January 3, 1995 |
| 102nd |
| 103rd |
| 104th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|January 3, 1995 |rowspan=5|January 3, 2005 |
| 105th |
| 106th |
| 107th |
| 108th |
| 109th
| | |January 3, 2005 |January 3, 2007 |
| 110th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|January 3, 2007 |rowspan=5|January 3, 2017 |
| 111th |
| 112th |
| 113th |
| 114th |
| 115th
|rowspan=5| |rowspan=5| |rowspan=5|January 3, 2017 |rowspan=5|Incumbent |
| 116th |
| 117th |
| 118th |
| 119th |
= Deputy Caucus Secretary =
On December 8, 2022, Sen. Brian Schatz of Hawaii was elected to the newly created position of Deputy Caucus Secretary, assuming the office at the beginning of the 118th Congress on January 3, 2023.{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/3766968-schumer-re-elected-as-senate-majority-leader/|title=Schumer reelected as Senate majority leader|website=The Hill}} This was an elevation from his previous leadership role as Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whip. On January 3, 2025, Chris Murphy was also appointed to this position.{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=2024-12-03 |title=Chris Murphy to join Senate leadership ranks in next Congress |url=https://ctmirror.org/2024/12/03/chris-murphy-to-join-senate-leadership-ranks-in-next-congress/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}
Notes
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- Donald A. Ritchie (ed) (1999). Minutes of the Senate Democratic Conference: Fifty-eighth through Eighty-eighth Congress, 1903-1964. Washington, D.C. GPO. Available online in [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_cong_documents&docid=f:sd020.105.pdf PDF] or [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_cong_documents&docid=f:sd020.105 text] format.
External links
- [http://www.democrats.senate.gov/ Official Home of the Senate Democratic Caucus on the Internet]
- [https://www.senate.gov/reference/common/generic/party_leadership.htm Senate Party Leadership] – much of this article's content was adapted from this useful public domain resource
- [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Democratic_Caucus_Organized.htm First Formal Organization of the Senate Democratic Caucus]
{{USPartyConference}}
{{USCongress}}
{{Democratic Party (United States)}}