Radical 87
{{Short description|Chinese character radical}}
{{Infobox Kangxi radical
|87|uni=722A
|meaning=claw
|pny= zhǎo/zhuǎ
|bopo= ㄓㄠˇ/ㄓㄨㄚˇ
|wade= chao3/chua3
|jyutping= zaau2
|yale= jáau
|poj= jiáu
|cn= (爫) 爪字頭/爪字头 zhǎozìtóu/zhuǎzìtóu
|onyomi= ソウ sō
|kunyomi= つめ tsume
|jp= 爪/つめ tsume
爪繞/そうにょう sōnyō
(爫) 爪冠/つめかんむり tsumekanmuri
(爫) 爪頭/つめがしら tsumegashira
(爫) ノツ冠/のつかんむり notsukanmuri
|hang= 손톱 sontop
|hanja= 조 cho
}}
Radical 87 or radical claw ({{Lang|zh-Hant|爪部}}) meaning "claw", "nail" or "talon" is one of the 34 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of 4 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 36 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
{{Lang|zh-Hans|爪}} is also the 86th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with {{Lang|zh-Hans|爫}} being its associated indexing component.
Evolution
File:爪-oracle.svg|Oracle bone script character
File:爪-bronze.svg|Bronze script character
File:爪-bigseal.svg|Large seal script character
File:爪-seal.svg|Small seal script character
Derived characters
| class="wikitable"
! Strokes !! Characters | |
| ---
| +0 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爪}} {{Linktext|爫}}Component only |
| ---
| +4 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爬}} {{Linktext|爭}} |
| ---
| +5 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爮}} {{Linktext|爯}} {{Linktext|爰}} |
| ---
| +6 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爱}}SC (={{Linktext|愛}} -> 心) |
| ---
| +8 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爲}} |
| ---
| +10 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爳}} |
| ---
| +11 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爴}} |
| ---
| +14 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|爵}} |
Variant forms
There is a design nuance between the form of {{Lang|zh-Hani|爪}} in different typefaces. In mainland China standard, the starting point of the third and fourth strokes of {{Lang|zh-Hans|爪}} are joined with the first stroke, while in Taiwan's Standard Form of National Characters, they are detached. This difference may apply to both printing typefaces and handwriting forms, and usually both are acceptable.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| Joined
! Detached |
|---|
| style="font-size:6em; font-family:serif; line-height:100%;"
| lang="zh-cn"|爪 | lang="zh-tw"|爪 |
| style="font-size:6em; font-family:serif; line-height:100%;"
| lang="zh-cn"|爬 | lang="zh-tw"|爬 |
The upper component form {{Lang|zh-Hani|爫}} also has variant forms in different regions. Traditionally, the second and fourth strokes point outwards in printing typefaces ({{Lang|ja|爫}}) but point inwards in handwriting ({{Lang|zh-Hans|爫}}). In mainland China's xinzixing (new typeface), some {{Lang|ja|爫}} were replaced by {{Linktext|⺈|lang=zh-Hans}} (a variant form of the radical 刀), e.g. {{Lang|ja|爭}} -> {{Lang|zh-Hans|争}}, while the others were altered their form to imitate the handwriting form {{Lang|zh-Hans|爫}}, e.g. {{Lang|ko|爵}} -> {{Lang|zh-Hans|爵}}; These changes also apply to traditional Chinese characters, e.g. {{Lang|ja|諍}} -> {{Lang|zh-Hans|諍}}, {{Lang|ja|爲}} -> {{Lang|zh-Hans|爲}}. Similar change were also adopted in Japanese jōyō kanji (commonly used Chinese characters), e.g. {{Lang|ko|爵}} -> {{Lang|ja|爵}}, while the forms of kyūjitai and hyōgai kanji were left unchanged, e.g. {{Lang|ja|爲}} (={{Lang|ja|為}}), {{Lang|ja|爰}}. In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau where Traditional Chinese is used, {{Lang|zh-Hans|爫}} is adopted as the standard form, though both forms are commonly used in publication.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| Pointing inwards
! Pointing outwards |
|---|
| style="font-size:6em; font-family:serif; line-height:100%;"
| lang="zh-cn"|爫 | lang="ja"|爫 |
| style="font-size:6em; font-family:serif; line-height:100%;"
| lang="zh-cn"|爰 | lang="ja"|爰 |
| Traditional handwriting Mainland China new typeface Hong Kong & Taiwan standard Japan jōyō kanji ! Traditional typefaces |
Literature
- {{cite book|last= Fazzioli |first= Edoardo |others= calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko |title= Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters |year= 1987 |publisher= Abbeville Press |location= New York |isbn= 0-89659-774-1 }}
- {{cite book|last= Lunde |first= Ken |title= CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing |edition= Second |date= Jan 5, 2009 |publisher= O'Reilly Media |location= Sebastopol, Calif. |isbn= 978-0-596-51447-1 |chapter= Appendix J: Japanese Character Sets |chapter-url= http://examples.oreilly.com/9780596514471/cjkvip2e-appJ.pdf }}