Rainbow Room

File:Rainbow Room sign.jpg]]

During the 1920s, John D. Rockefeller Jr. had conceived the site of the current Rockefeller Center as a location for the Metropolitan Opera,{{sfn|Balfour|1978|pp=6–7}} but these plans were shelved{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/12/06/94215747.pdf|title=Rockefeller Site for Opera Dropped|date=December 6, 1929|work=The New York Times|access-date=November 10, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316163358/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/12/06/94215747.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} and the plans eventually evolved into a mass media complex, leading to the construction of Rockefeller Center.{{cite book|last=Krinsky|first=Carol H.|author-link=Carol Herselle Krinsky|title=Rockefeller Center|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1978|isbn=978-0-19-502404-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xlDAQAAIAAJ|page=50|access-date=January 28, 2018|archive-date=May 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527182855/https://books.google.com/books?id=7xlDAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}} The complex's flagship RCA Building (now 30 Rockefeller Plaza) opened in May 1933.{{sfn|Balfour|1978|p=185}}

Shortly after the RCA Building's opening, there were plans to use the space above the 64th floor as a public "amusement center". That section of the building had several terraces, which could be used to construct a dance floor, observatory, restaurant, and landscaped terrace gardens.{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/05/24/105136861.pdf|title=Play Spot Planned Atop RCA Building; Rockefeller Center Considering Public Dining and Dancing Rooms on Upper Stories|date=May 24, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205223357/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/05/24/105136861.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} Frank W. Darling quit his job as head of Rye's Playland{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/10/01/223747202.pdf|title=Quits as Playland Head; Darling to Be Succeeded as Park Director by H.F. O'Malley.|date=October 1, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205223357/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/10/01/223747202.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} in order to direct the programming for the proposed amusement space.

Many of New York City's buildings in the 1930s had restaurants or exclusive clubhouses on the top floors of their buildings. This stemmed from a tradition that started in the late 19th century, after the introduction of elevators.{{sfn|Postal|2012|pp=3–4}}{{cite news|title=Dining Clubs in Office Buildings; Large Number of Them Located on Upper Floors of Down-Town 'Skyscrapers'—Lawyers' Club the Pioneer.|work=The New York Times|date=January 4, 1903|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/01/04/118490744.pdf|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141723/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/01/04/118490744.pdf|url-status=live}} The specific idea for a restaurant atop the RCA Building may have been inspired by the Cloud Club, a lunch club in the Chrysler Building.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=4}} On the 65th story of the RCA Building, the builders constructed a two-story space intended for a dining room with a high ceiling.{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/08/22/93638931.pdf|title=Night Club to Open Atop RCA Building; Stately 2-Story Dining Room, 65 Floors Up, Will Be Ready for Use in October.|date=August 22, 1934|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205223357/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/08/22/93638931.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} The plans called for two restaurants on the 65th Floor. The Rainbow Grill, a small casual-style eatery, would occupy the western portion of the floor, while a larger restaurant for dancing and entertainment, comprising the future Rainbow Room, would be located in a larger space on the eastern part of the floor. There would also be private dining compartments on the floor below. The Rockefeller Center Luncheon Club, composed mostly of Rockefeller Center tenants, would eat lunch at the Rainbow Room from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=3}} More established restaurateurs believed that the juxtaposition of the two eateries was an unwise business decision, but Rockefeller ignored them.

To transport visitors to the top floors, Westinghouse installed eight express elevators in the RCA Building. They moved at an average speed of {{Convert|1200|ft/min|m/min}} and made up 13% of the building's entire construction cost.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=256}} One elevator reached a top speed of {{Convert|1400|ft/min|m/min}} and was dubbed "the fastest passenger elevator ride on record".{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/07/14/archives/elevator-speeds-1400-feet-a-minute-levy-whisked-to-65th-floor-of.html|title=Elevator Speeds 1,400 Feet a Minute; Levy Whisked to 65th Floor of RCA Building in Record Time of 37.1 Second.|date=July 14, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613001344/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/07/14/archives/elevator-speeds-1400-feet-a-minute-levy-whisked-to-65th-floor-of.html|url-status=live}} These elevators cost about $17,000 a year to maintain by 1942.{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewpapers%2520Disk2%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Observer%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Observer%25201942.pdf%2FUtica%2520NY%2520Observer%25201942%2520-%25201282.pdf|title=RCA Rainbow Room Success Under Native Utican|date=April 26, 1942|work=Utica Observer|access-date=December 7, 2017|page=6|via=Fultonhistory.com}} Rockefeller Center opened an observation deck atop the RCA Building's 67th, 69th, and 70th floors, above the future Rainbow Room, in July 1933.{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/07/19/105401240.pdf|title=R.C.A. Observatory Opened to Public; Many View New Panorama of City and Environs From Rockefeller Center Unit.|date=July 19, 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 5, 2017|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205223357/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/07/19/105401240.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} The only entrance to the observatory cut across the 65th floor, where the Rainbow Room would soon be located. The Rainbow Room was used as enticement for visitors to the observation deck, who were told that "if you behave and do your jobs right [...] when you die you'll go way up to the Rainbow Room."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=367}}

The director of the proposed restaurant did not want to "sound like an ordinary Eighth Avenue food joint", and he wanted to avoid using the word "restaurant" itself. For him, the optimal name would reflect the RCA Building's height and the eatery's exclusivity. At first, the restaurant was to be known as the "Stratosphere Room", whose name evoked the stratosphere, the second layer of atmosphere above the earth.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=4}} In August 1934, the Stratosphere Room became the "Rainbow Room", which drew its name from a model of organ that changed colors based on the tone of the music. The indirect lighting of the Rainbow Room did just that.{{cite news|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59973356/|title=Applause|page=24|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|publisher=Brooklyn Public Library|via=Newspapers.com|date=October 4, 1934|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072342/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59973356/|url-status=live}} The lights originally accompanied the sounds of a Wurlitzer organ, but the organ was assailed for its "funereal" quality, and it was seldom used from 1935 to its removal in 1986.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=4}}

Rockefeller Center Inc. hired lawyer Francis Christy to be the Rainbow Room's owner in name only. This was because each nightclub owner had to be fingerprinted in order to comply with the state law at the time, and the true owner of Rainbow Room did not want his fingerprints on record. Because Christy had verified himself to the state as the owner of Rainbow Room, it was legal for the restaurant to operate.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=366}} The Rainbow Room opened to the public on October 3, 1934,{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} at a 300-guest party sponsored by the Lenox Hill Neighborhood Association.{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201934%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201934%2520-%25208658.pdf|title=Rainbow Room Opens Tonight at RCA Building|work=The New York Sun|page=3|date=October 3, 1934|access-date=December 8, 2017|via=Fultonhistory.com|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141747/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201934/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201934%20-%208658.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Society at Opening of Rainbow Room; Dinner Dance at the Rca Building Benefits Lenox Hill Neighborhood Association.|work=The New York Times|date=October 4, 1934|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/10/04/93645270.pdf|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141724/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/10/04/93645270.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} The opening celebrations were attended by a multitude of high-society individuals with "a dazzle of surnames that ran from Astors and Auchinclosses to Warburgs and Whitneys."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=367}}

The Rainbow Room was allowed to serve alcoholic drinks because the United States Constitution's 21st Amendment had repealed the United States' prohibition on alcoholic beverages in 1933.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=366}} Rockefeller was not a drinker himself:{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} on opening night, a critic for the New York Daily News had written, "throughout his life, whenever he has been asked 'Wot'll it be?', [Rockefeller] has always replied, 'milk'."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=366}} However, Rockefeller reluctantly agreed to operate the Rainbow Room, since no one else would take the risk of operating the establishment. He told Arthur Woods, a close associate and the chairman of Rockefeller Center Inc, that he was not "sufficiently familiar with the usual method of dispensing alcoholic beverages in the average high grade club."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|pp=366–367}} Rockefeller was reportedly discomfited by the performance of Lucienne Boyer, a French diseuse (storyteller) and singer, at the Rainbow Room's opening.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=367}} He avoided going to or even talking about the Rainbow Room after the opening night, instead leaving the task to others.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|pp=367–368}}

The media anticipated that "Jack Rockefeller's saloon and dance hall" would become a major draw for the elite and the famous.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=366}} In the decade following its opening, the Rainbow Room hosted former Spanish queen Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg; Norwegian Crown Prince Olav and Crown Princess Martha; and Swedish Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and Crown Princess Louise. The Rainbow Room became frequented by those who were both wealthy and worthy of society reporting.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=369}} The author Daniel Okrent writes that the diners at the Rainbow Room were representative of the uncommon, separated from "the masses" by "a price structure that required a trust fund and a dress code that required white tie."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=367}} Formal dress was required except on Sundays, each meal cost $3.50{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} ({{inflation|US|3.50|1934|r=0|fmt=eq}}{{inflation-fn|US}}), and the restaurant even had an exclusive bank of elevators from the lobby.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} Dinners stretched from 6:30 p.m. to 2 a.m. the next day.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} In contrast, the Rainbow Grill across the hall had a "black tie" dress code with "white linen acceptable in the summer."{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=370}} The Rainbow Grill, which opened in 1935,{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=3}} was a somewhat less expensive restaurant with an à la carte menu and its own celebrations on major holidays.{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1935/06/08/94619879.pdf|title=Night Club Notes; Savo at the Versailles—the New Rainbow Grill—Fresh Faces in Local Mirrors.|date=June 8, 1935|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141725/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1935/06/08/94619879.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}

The Luncheon Club was even more exclusive than the Rainbow Room, with 600 members and a board of nine governors. A prospective member had to be known to at least two governors to even be considered for the Luncheon Club.{{cite book|title=Rainbow Room - Scrapbook - Nelson A. Rockefeller personal papers, Projects, Series L (FA348)|chapter=Bylaws of The Rockefeller Center Luncheon Club, Inc.|via=Rockefeller Center Inc.|url=http://storage.rockarch.org/45340a59-de77-4b0a-9325-ab8c16ceb620-RAC_SP006_800000_se.pdf#zoom=100|access-date=December 9, 2017|location=PDF pp. 13–15|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072008/http://storage.rockarch.org/45340a59-de77-4b0a-9325-ab8c16ceb620-RAC_SP006_800000_se.pdf#zoom=100|url-status=live}} Women were banned from the club. Jewish membership was limited to 3.5 percent of all members at any given time, ostensibly because that was the ratio of the American Jewish population to the entire American population at the time.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=402}} However, Jews in New York City numbered 30 percent of the city's population, so this was considered an anti-Semitic measure for some time.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=402–403}}

In its early years, the Rainbow Room had a difficult time attracting just the right types of customers.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=9}} Fortune magazine described the Rainbow Room's intended audience as "the nonflashy strata of the upper crust" who avoided such nightclubs as Stork Club or El Morocco.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=368}} The restaurant attempted to draw the rich and famous by hiring unorthodox entertainers, including monologists and impressionists.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=371}} There were many high expectations for the Rainbow Room, which was among the first restaurants with air conditioning, as well as one of the first clubs to open after the 21st Amendment's ratification.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=9}} The restaurant had a net loss in 1936, but Rockefeller Center Inc. used the publicity from Rainbow Room to advertise the western half of Rockefeller Center.{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20Evening%20Post/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201936%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201936%20Grayscale%20-%206860.pdf|title=LYONS DEN: Wherein Names Are Revealed and Service Isn't So Secret|first=Leonard|last=Lyons|work=New York Evening Post|date=October 22, 1936|access-date=December 9, 2017|page=1|department=Section 2|via=Fultonhistory.com|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141726/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20Evening%20Post/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201936%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Evening%20Post%201936%20Grayscale%20-%206860.pdf|url-status=live}} By the end of the decade, the Rainbow Room and Grill were described as being "two of the most successful clubs in the country".{{cite web|title=Gotham Grapevine|page=4|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|publisher=Brooklyn Public Library|via=Newspapers.com|date=August 4, 1941|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52606625/|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072146/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52606625/|url-status=live}} In summer 1941, the Rainbow Room recorded its largest-ever profits. The New York Sun described a typical Saturday as "almost like New Year's Eve": the Rainbow Room served 575 diners a night despite only having 350 seats, and the Rainbow Grill served another 312 diners per night.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=413}}

File:Rainbow Room Matchbook - Stierch.JPG

By 1941, Rockefeller Center Inc's manager Hugh S. Robertson was in a dispute with the Rainbow Room's workers' union. Robertson threatened to shutter the restaurant and blame it on war-related reasons if they kept demanding wage increases.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=413}} The Rainbow Room was closed at the end of December 1942 due to World War II, which contributed to the "increasing shortage of manpower" in American civilian life, according to Robertson.{{cite news|title=Rainbow Room and Grill To Close for Duration|work=The New York Times|date=December 20, 1942|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/12/20/85620743.pdf|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141726/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/12/20/85620743.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=413}} The Rockefeller Center Luncheon Club remained open through this time.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=9}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=413}} The Rainbow Room was used for private events, including a 1947 dinner in which Nelson Rockefeller launched a furniture-designing contest,{{Cite news|last=Roche|first=Mary|date=1947-10-24|title=Furniture Design Subject of Contest; Nelson Rockefeller Announces $50,000 Competition for Modern Home Wares|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/10/24/archives/furniture-design-subject-of-contest-nelson-rockefeller-announces.html|access-date=2022-02-14|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215003441/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/10/24/archives/furniture-design-subject-of-contest-nelson-rockefeller-announces.html|url-status=live}} as well as a 1949 fundraiser for The Salvation Army.{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|1327117309}} |title=Fund Drive Begun By Salvation Army: Meeting of 500 Televised; $1,100,000 Is Goal |date=13 Jan 1949 |page=7 |work=New York Herald Tribune}} The Rainbow Room was also proposed to be converted into a theater in 1949,{{Cite news|last=Zolotow|first=Sam|date=1949-06-08|title=Skyscraper Site May House Show; Rainbow Room at Rockefeller Plaza Is Reported Sought for 'Arena' Programs|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/08/archives/skyscraper-site-may-house-show-rainbow-room-at-rockefeller-plaza-is.html|access-date=2022-02-14|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214144139/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/08/archives/skyscraper-site-may-house-show-rainbow-room-at-rockefeller-plaza-is.html|url-status=live}} and several theatrical operators submitted bids for the space.{{Cite news|last=Chapman|first=John|date=1949-07-03|title=TV Muscles 11 Theatres|pages=227|work=New York Daily News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94940272/tv-muscles-11-theatresjohn-chapman/|access-date=2022-02-14|archive-date=February 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214144140/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94940272/tv-muscles-11-theatresjohn-chapman/|url-status=live}} The restaurant reopened to the public in 1950, initially only as a cocktail lounge that shuttered at 9 p.m.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=9}}{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201950%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201950%2520a%2520-%25200453.pdf|title=Art, Music, Drama Pitch For Hospitalized Veterans|first=Alice|last=Hughes|work=Buffalo Courier-Express|date=October 10, 1950|access-date=December 9, 2017|page=11|via=Fultonhistory.com|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141845/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express%201950/Buffalo%20NY%20Courier%20Express%201950%20a%20-%200453.pdf|url-status=live}}

The Rainbow Room was closed again in 1965, this time for renovations. The refurbishment restored the establishment to its 1930s decor.{{cite news|title=Rainbow Room and Grill: Up, Up and Away From It All; 65-Story-High Cafe Is a Refuge From Ye Ye and Frug|work=The New York Times|date=July 28, 1965|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/07/28/97634702.pdf|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141728/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/07/28/97634702.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} The historical accuracy of the decor continued through the 1970s.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=9}} Throughout the years, the Rainbow Room lost its sense of exclusivity, as almost anyone could book a reservation at the restaurant. However, even through the 1980s and 1990s, the restaurant still hosted the occasional politician.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/11/nyregion/11bigcity.html|title=Rainbow Room Is Famous Even if Its Guests Aren't|last=Dominus|first=Susan|date=August 10, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210124039/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/11/nyregion/11bigcity.html|url-status=live}} On June 16, 1966, the restaurant hosted the 20th Tony Awards, which was the first Tony Awards ceremony held in the afternoon. In commemoration to the actress Helen Menken, who had died three months prior, the ceremony was closed to the public.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxdQGX7pDsEC&pg=PA531|title=Broadway: An Encyclopedia|last=Bloom|first=Ken|date=April 15, 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135950194|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/06/17/82454774.pdf|title=5 Tonys Awards to 'La Mancha'; 'Marat/Sade' Wins 4 Lansbury and Holbrook Cited|date=June 17, 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 9, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141728/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/06/17/82454774.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}} Entertainers began performing in the Rainbow Room again in 1973, for the first time in decades, starting on September 18 of that year when classical-piano duo Whittemore and Lowe played three 40-minute-long sets, with half of each set dedicated to song requests from guests.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/20/archives/rainbow-room-reverts-to-style-by-adding-performers-to-menu-attire.html|title=Rainbow Room Reverts to Style By Adding Performers to Menu|last=Wilson|first=John S.|date=September 20, 1973|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209122200/http://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/20/archives/rainbow-room-reverts-to-style-by-adding-performers-to-menu-attire.html|url-status=live}}

In January 1975, the Rainbow Grill had to close temporarily due to a rising lease{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/11/archives/rainbow-grill-to-close-after-41-years-of-stars.html|title=Rainbow Grill to Close After 41 Years of Stars|date=1975|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209122132/http://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/11/archives/rainbow-grill-to-close-after-41-years-of-stars.html|url-status=live}} but reopened the following month when new management took over the operation.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/18/archives/vic-damone-returns-with-bigger-punch.html|title=Vic Damone Returns with Bigger Punch|date=February 18, 1975|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209122150/http://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/18/archives/vic-damone-returns-with-bigger-punch.html|url-status=live}} The Rainbow Grill was also briefly closed for renovations in 1979 which included installation of a new stage.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/25/archives/mostly-mozart-6-offer-much-joy-rainbow-grill-being-renovated.html|title=Mostly Mozart: 6 Offer Much Joy|last=Ericson|first=Raymond|date=August 25, 1979|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209122226/http://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/25/archives/mostly-mozart-6-offer-much-joy-rainbow-grill-being-renovated.html|url-status=live}}

In 1985, the Rockefeller family bought the entire Rockefeller Center complex from Columbia University{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED81538F930A35755C0A965958260|work=The New York Times|title=G.E. Gives Midtown Tower To Columbia University|first=David W.|last=Dunlap|date=June 3, 1993|access-date=March 6, 2014|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606141733/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/03/nyregion/ge-gives-midtown-tower-to-columbia-university.html|url-status=live}} and immediately set out to modernize many aspects of the complex.{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=431}} As one of these components, the Rainbow Room was closed for a $20 million restoration and expansion that brought the restaurant's floor area to {{convert|4500|sqft|m2}}.{{cite news|last=Giovannini|first=Joseph|title=Rainbow Room: Re-creating the Glamour|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/07/style/rainbow-room-re-creating-the-glamour.html|access-date=November 3, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 7, 1987|archive-date=November 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107171329/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/07/style/rainbow-room-re-creating-the-glamour.html|url-status=live}} John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s son David Rockefeller commissioned the restoration, which was led by Joe Baum, Arthur Emil, and Hugh Hardy.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UeUCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44|title=Over the Rainbow: The Renaissance of a New York Classic|last=Greene|first=Gael|date=February 8, 1988|publisher=New York Media, LLC|pages=44|language=en}} At the time, Baum and Michael Whiteman were the restaurant's operators.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=10}} The Rainbow Room's expansion went through the only passageway that led to the RCA Building's observation deck, so the deck was subsequently closed.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/18/nyregion/a-quiet-place-at-rca-s-summit-drifts-onto-the-pages-of-the-past.html|title=A Quiet Place at Rca's Summit Drifts Onto the Pages of the Past|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=June 18, 1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003741/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/18/nyregion/a-quiet-place-at-rca-s-summit-drifts-onto-the-pages-of-the-past.html|url-status=live}} The Rainbow Room reopened in December 1987{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/20/arts/architecture-view-the-new-rainbow-room-s-wonderful.html|title=Architecture View; The New Rainbow Room: S'Wonderful!|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|date=December 20, 1987|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072404/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/20/arts/architecture-view-the-new-rainbow-room-s-wonderful.html|url-status=live}} with cuisine, cutlery, and decorations designed to evoke the restaurant as it had been in the 1930s.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/14/garden/currents-he-s-got-designs-on-these-plates.html|title=Currents; He's Got Designs on These Plates|last=Vogel|first=Carol|date=January 14, 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072341/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/14/garden/currents-he-s-got-designs-on-these-plates.html|url-status=live}} The restaurant's 300 lights were synchronized with a new sound system{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/07/nyregion/ah-yes-isn-t-it-romantic-rainbow-room-to-reopen.html|title=Ah, Yes, Isn't It Romantic? Rainbow Room to Reopen|last=Hevesi|first=Dennis|date=December 7, 1987|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210074046/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/07/nyregion/ah-yes-isn-t-it-romantic-rainbow-room-to-reopen.html|url-status=live}} and a new entrance was added at the southwest corner. The artist Dan Dailey created "Orbit", an {{convert|8|by|15|ft|m|adj=on}} glass mural, for the western wall behind the stage,{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=10}} that was eventually moved to the Toledo Museum of Art in 2017.{{cite web|last=Guyton|first=Lissa|title=Glass mural from world-famous club is now at the Toledo Museum of Art|website=13abc|date=April 12, 2017|url=http://www.13abc.com/content/news/Glass-mural-from-wold-famous-club-is-now-at-the-Toledo-Museum-of-Art-419309704.html|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071645/http://www.13abc.com/content/news/Glass-mural-from-wold-famous-club-is-now-at-the-Toledo-Museum-of-Art-419309704.html|url-status=live}}

In 1987, Dale DeGroff was hired to lead the bar program at the Rainbow Room. There he made a list of classic and forgotten pre-Prohibition cocktails. For this menu, DeGroff reintroduced production of the Nick & Nora glass, and named it for the characters Nick and Nora Charles.{{cite web|last=Simonson|first=Robert|title=How the Nick & Nora Became the Most Famous Glass of the Cocktail Revival|work=VinePair|url=https://vinepair.com/articles/nick-nora-glass-cocktail-revival/|date=January 20, 2022|access-date=June 30, 2022}}

In 1998, the Rockefeller family passed operations of the Rainbow Room and Grill over to the Italian Cipriani S.A. family, founders of the renowned Harry's Bar in Venice, as well as several other restaurants in New York City.{{cite web|last=Pristin|first=Terry|title=Metro Business; Change at Rainbow Room|website=The New York Times|date=June 11, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/11/nyregion/metro-business-change-at-rainbow-room.html|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210123709/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/11/nyregion/metro-business-change-at-rainbow-room.html|url-status=live}} The Ciprianis extensively removed the Rainbow Room's northeast and southeast seating terraces, replaced fabric decorations, and added wall mirrors.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=10}} They also closed the restaurant to the general public for most of the time,{{cite web|last=Wadler|first=Joyce|title=Last Dance at the Rainbow Room|website=The New York Times|date=December 20, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/20/style/last-dance-at-the-rainbow-room.html|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180409/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/20/style/last-dance-at-the-rainbow-room.html|url-status=live}} with the public only being allowed for four to five days each month.{{Cite news|date=2001-07-13|title=Fire Forces Evacuations at Rainbow Room|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/nyregion/fire-forces-evacuations-at-rainbow-room.html|access-date=2022-03-11|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311182908/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/13/nyregion/fire-forces-evacuations-at-rainbow-room.html|url-status=live}} All 250 employees at the time were fired.{{cite web|last=Greenhouse|first=Steven|title=Former Workers Demand Jobs at Rainbow Room|website=The New York Times|date=January 24, 1999|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/24/nyregion/former-workers-demand-jobs-at-rainbow-room.html|access-date=February 8, 2018|archive-date=February 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182907/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/24/nyregion/former-workers-demand-jobs-at-rainbow-room.html|url-status=live}} The same year, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission considered granting landmark status to the Rainbow Room. The Landmarks Commission ultimately decided against landmark status because the restaurant had been renovated 11 years prior, and the commission's guideline was that the proposed landmark "must be at least 30 years old".{{Cite news|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/board-considering-making-rainbow-room-a-landmark-said-no-once-before/|title=Board Considering Landmark Status for Rainbow Room Said 'No' Once Before|last=Barron|first=James|date=August 20, 2012|work=City Room|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071621/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/board-considering-making-rainbow-room-a-landmark-said-no-once-before/|url-status=live}}

In 2003, Michael DiLeonardo testified in a tax-evasion case involving mobster Peter Gotti, in which he said that Ciprianis gave $120,000 to the Gambino crime family to make union problems at the Rainbow Room disappear. The charges were never confirmed.{{cite web|last1=Morgenson|first1=Gretchen|last2=Bagli|first2=Charles V.|title=Father and Son Restaurateurs in New York City Plead Guilty to Tax Evasion|website=The New York Times|date=August 1, 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01fraud.html|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117123858/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/01/nyregion/01fraud.html|url-status=live}} A year later, the Ciprianis sued 30 Rockefeller Plaza's landlord, Tishman Speyer, for the latter's plan to place metal detectors at the lobby entrance to the Rainbow Room's elevator bank. Tishman Speyer cited security measures implemented after the September 11, 2001, attacks as the reason for installing metal detectors, but the Ciprianis said that the detectors would "damage the reputation and business of the Rainbow Room" by causing potential guests to wait for up to an hour before entering the restaurant.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/14/nyregion/metal-detector-before-the-maitre-d-at-the-rainbow-room.html|title=Metal Detector Before the Maître d' at the Rainbow Room|last=Saulny|first=Susan|date=May 14, 2004|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210124030/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/14/nyregion/metal-detector-before-the-maitre-d-at-the-rainbow-room.html|url-status=live}}

In 2008, the Cipriani company filed a brief, again requesting that the Rainbow Room be designated a New York City landmark. The designation would prevent the Rainbow Room from being converted into office space.{{cite news|last=Venezia|first=Todd|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/01032009/news/regionalnews/rainbow_room_will_shut_eatery_146976.htm|title=Rainbow Room Will Shut Eatery|work=New York Post|date=January 3, 2009|access-date=May 11, 2012|archive-date=May 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502032925/http://www.nypost.com/seven/01032009/news/regionalnews/rainbow_room_will_shut_eatery_146976.htm|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/07/nyregion/07cipriani.html|title=State Board Lets Ciprianis Keep Their Liquor Licenses|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=August 6, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 7, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108094615/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/07/nyregion/07cipriani.html|url-status=live}} The Ciprianis then announced that they planned to close the grill on January 12, 2009, although part would remain open as a bar and banquet hall.{{cite web | author=The Associated Press | title=Rainbow Room to close restaurant, citing economy | website=San Diego Union-Tribune | date=January 3, 2009 | url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-meltdown-rainbow-room-010309-2009jan03-story.html | access-date=December 18, 2022}}{{cite web | last=Kludt | first=Amanda | title=The Shutter: Ciprianis to Close Rainbow Room Restaurant Next Week | website=Eater NY | date=January 5, 2009 | url=https://ny.eater.com/2009/1/5/6776895/the-shutter-ciprianis-to-close-rainbow-room-restaurant-next-week | access-date=December 18, 2022}} The Ciprianis' chief operating officer blamed the Great Recession and a dispute with the landlord. Tishman Speyer said it intended to evict the Ciprianis unless they paid back rent.{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V.|title=Ciprianis Vow to Fight Termination of Lease for Rainbow Room Atop Rockefeller Center |work=The New York Times|date=January 10, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/10/nyregion/10rainbow.html|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=November 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108152011/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/10/nyregion/10rainbow.html|url-status=live}} The two sides settled the dispute, with the Ciprianis agreeing to give up possession of the restaurant and banquet hall on August 1, 2009.{{cite news|last=Carmiel|first=Oshrat|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=ayusSlUoabAU|title=Cipriani Dining Empire Loses BlackRock, Rainbow Room|publisher=Bloomberg.com|date=February 5, 2009|access-date=May 11, 2012}} The last night of dancing at the former hot spot took place on June 5, 2009, and the Grill closed its kitchen on June 21, 2009.{{Cite news |last=Dominus |first=Susan |date=2009-06-20 |title=A Farewell to Glamour Atop the Rock |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/20/nyregion/20bigcity.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |issn=0362-4331}}

In July 2011, it was announced that work had begun on remodeling the restaurant for its reopening.{{cite web|last=Marx|first=Rebecca|url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2011/07/rainbow_room_ge.php|title=Somebody Is Finally Paying Attention to the Rainbow Room|work=Village Voice|date=July 11, 2011|access-date=May 11, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706232437/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2011/07/rainbow_room_ge.php|archive-date=July 6, 2012}} The Ciprianis, who were still in dispute with Tishman Speyer, asked the Landmarks Commission to designate the restaurant as a landmark.{{Cite news|last=Barron|first=James|date=2012-08-15|title=Rainbow Room, Shut by a Feud, Has a Fading Wish|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/15/nyregion/rainbow-room-shut-by-feud-has-fading-wish.html|access-date=2022-02-15|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215040437/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/15/nyregion/rainbow-room-shut-by-feud-has-fading-wish.html|url-status=live}} Building owners sometimes opposed interior landmark designation for their properties, since it would prevent them from making changes to the space without the LPC's permission, but Tishman Speyer supported the designation instead. On October 16, 2012, the commission designated the Rainbow Room as an interior landmark.{{Cite news|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/rainbow-room-is-given-landmark-status/|title=Rainbow Room Is Given Landmark Status|last=Barron|first=James|date=October 16, 2012|work=City Room|access-date=December 9, 2017|language=en|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132307/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/rainbow-room-is-given-landmark-status/|url-status=live}} The LPC's change in decision stemmed from the fact that it had determined that some elements of the restaurant were old enough to be worthy of the historic status. Subsequently, Tishman Speyer announced that the Rainbow Room would reopen in late 2014, with a new executive chef and management team, after undergoing a full restoration.{{cite news|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/09/17/rainbow-room-at-rockefeller-center-to-reopen-next-year/|title=Rainbow Room At Rockefeller Center To Reopen Next Year|last=Associated Press|date=September 17, 2013|publisher=CBS New York|access-date=September 17, 2013|archive-date=September 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926155503/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/09/17/rainbow-room-at-rockefeller-center-to-reopen-next-year/|url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Rockefeller Center's iconic Rainbow Room to reopen in fall 2014 |work=New York Daily News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-iconic-rainbow-room-reopen-fall-2014-article-1.1459312 |url-status=live |access-date=November 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012032524/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-iconic-rainbow-room-reopen-fall-2014-article-1.1459312 |archive-date=October 12, 2013}}

After being restored by Gabellini Sheppard Associates, the Rainbow Room reopened to the public on October 5, 2014, with Tishman Speyer as the new owner and operator.{{cite web | title=Renovated Rainbow Room reopens | website=TODAY.com | date=October 6, 2014 | url=http://www.today.com/money/renovated-rainbow-room-reopens-2D80195762 | access-date=January 4, 2023}}{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/rainbow-room-reopens-top-30-rockefeller-plaza-article-1.1964362|title=Rainbow Room reopens at top of 30 Rockefeller Plaza after five years|access-date=December 10, 2017|date=October 5, 2014|agency=Associated Press|location=New York|archive-date=November 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108035805/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/rainbow-room-reopens-top-30-rockefeller-plaza-article-1.1964362|url-status=live}} The renovation included the landmarked dance floor and a new cocktail lounge called Bar SixtyFive.{{cite web|last=Fabricant|first=Florence|title=Rainbow Room Is Set to Reopen on Oct. 5|website=The New York Times|date=October 1, 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/dining/rainbow-room-is-set-to-reopen-on-oct-5.html|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=October 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007010121/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/dining/rainbow-room-is-set-to-reopen-on-oct-5.html|url-status=live}} The Rainbow Grill was not included in the reopened restaurant's floor plan; that space was instead taken up by SixtyFive.{{Cite AV media|url=https://rainbowroom.com/content/uploads/2016/06/RainbowRoom_VenuePage_FloorPlan_05.25.16.pdf|title=Floor Plan|last=Rainbow Room|date=June 2016|language=en|type=image|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211213529/https://rainbowroom.com/content/uploads/2016/06/RainbowRoom_VenuePage_FloorPlan_05.25.16.pdf|url-status=live}} The Rainbow Room's only public operating hours were on Sunday mornings and afternoons, and on Monday nights; the rest of the time, the restaurant was used for private celebrations. The restaurant's chef, Jonathan Wright, planned to serve "French-influenced farm-to-table" cuisine at the reopened restaurant.{{Cite news|last=Fabricant|first=Florence|date=2014-05-06|title=Rainbow Room Will Reopen in October|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/07/dining/rainbow-room-will-reopen-in-october.html|access-date=2023-01-04|issn=0362-4331}} In 2017, the Rainbow Room won an award for interior architecture from the American Institute of Architects.{{cite web|last=Waddoups|first=Ryan|title=23 Projects Win 2017 AIA Institute Honor Awards|website=Interior Design|date=January 19, 2017|url=http://www.interiordesign.net/articles/12734-23-projects-win-2017-aia-institute-honor-awards/|access-date=February 9, 2018|archive-date=February 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180427/http://www.interiordesign.net/articles/12734-23-projects-win-2017-aia-institute-honor-awards/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aia.org/showcases/26101-30-rockefeller-plaza-65th-floor-rainbow-room|title=30 Rockefeller Plaza: 65th Floor, Rainbow Room, SixtyFive|publisher=American Institute of Architects|date=2017|access-date=February 9, 2018|archive-date=February 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062251/https://www.aia.org/showcases/26101-30-rockefeller-plaza-65th-floor-rainbow-room|url-status=live}}

The Rainbow Room closed temporarily in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Michael|date=2020-07-26|title=The Virus Turns Midtown Into a Ghost Town, Causing an Economic Crisis|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/26/nyregion/nyc-coronavirus-time-life-building.html|access-date=2021-06-28|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=July 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702062346/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/26/nyregion/nyc-coronavirus-time-life-building.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web | last=Sutton | first=Ryan | title=Strained by the Pandemic, Big NYC Restaurant Groups Slated to Extend Layoffs Past Six Months | website=Eater NY | date=2020-09-01 | url=https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/1/21409908/layoffs-furloughs-unemployment-covid-nyc-restaurants | access-date=2021-06-28 | archive-date=June 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628195427/https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/1/21409908/layoffs-furloughs-unemployment-covid-nyc-restaurants | url-status=live }} It reopened in May 2021 with a special Mother's Day brunch.{{cite web | title=Mother's Day at the Rainbow Room | website=Time Out New York | date=May 5, 2021 | url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/restaurants/mothers-day-at-the-rainbow-room | access-date=December 27, 2023}}{{Cite news|last=Magazine|first=The New York Times|date=2021-06-09|title=The Month New York Woke Up|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/09/magazine/nyc-reopening.html|access-date=2023-12-27|issn=0362-4331}} The Rainbow Room continues to host private events,See, for example: {{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news|last=Krueger|first=Alyson|date=2021-11-26|title=Why Gen Z Is Flocking to New York’s Old-School Hotels and Bars|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/26/nyregion/bemelmans-rainbow-room-revival.html|access-date=2023-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}|{{Cite news|last=Felder|first=Rachel|last2=Hassan|first2=Emon|date=2023-10-19|title=Watches, Fans and a Giant Blue Whale. It’s RollieFest 2023.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/19/fashion/watches-rolliefest-geoffrey-hess.html|access-date=2023-12-27|issn=0362-4331}}}} but {{as of|2022|lc=y}} it no longer operates as a public restaurant.{{cite web | last=Tolley | first=John | title=What To Expect From Rockefeller Center's Restaurant Overhaul | website=Tasting Table | date=November 14, 2022 | url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1101257/what-to-expect-from-rockefeller-centers-restaurant-overhaul/ | access-date=December 27, 2023}}

File:Rainbow Room 2006.jpg

The Rainbow Room was originally designed by architect Wallace K. Harrison, of Rockefeller Center's Associated Architects,{{sfn|Balfour|1978|p=24}} as well as interior designer Elena Bachman Schmidt.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=1}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=368}} Harrison was one of the Associated Architects' principals, but he was not the complex's main architect; that distinction belonged to Raymond Hood. However, Hood's health was deteriorating by 1933, and as the months passed, Harrison had an incrementally increased involvement in Rockefeller Center's design.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=327}} John R. Todd, the main consulting architect, attributed the terrace layout of the Rainbow Room to one of Harrison's designs.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}} Schmidt, a one-time apprentice of Elsie de Wolfe, contributed to the design of the interior decor, such as the furniture, curtains, and elevator doors. Vincente Minnelli who would later become a film director, was assigned to help Schmidt select the colors of the walls. The walls were ultimately decorated in a plum purple pattern,{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=7}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=368}} as were the blinds and linens in the Rainbow Room. The restaurant's original architectural style was characterized as something that "bows to the ladies [and] steps back in a kind of restrained Oriental way" by the magazine Arts & Decoration,{{Cite journal|date=November 1934|title=Salon in the Sky|journal=Arts & Decoration|pages=32}} and as "modern, like most post-Repeal ventures" by Architectural Forum.{{Cite journal|date=February 1936|title=Rainbow Room, Rockefeller Center|journal=Architectural Forum|pages=126}} The 1987 renovation brought the Rainbow Room into an "American Modern" or simplified classical style.

The Rainbow Room occupies the eastern part of 30 Rockefeller Plaza's 65th floor, which occupies {{convert|13500|ft2|m2}}.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=15}} The central part of the floor features elevator banks, restrooms, a gallery, and a private dining room. The western part houses Bar SixtyFive and an outdoor terrace. The restaurant proper occupies a {{Convert|4464|sqft|m2|adj=on}} space:{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}} its eastern and western walls are {{convert|62|ft|m}} long, while its northern and southern walls are {{convert|72|ft|m}} long.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}} Entrance to the Rainbow Room is from the west, and two small staircases from the western wall extended to the northeast and southeast so as to avoid the rotating dance floor.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=15}} A raised platform at the northwest corner of the room allows a full view of the space. The seats of the Rainbow Room are organized in "tiers". The northern and southern walls, as well as an alcove on the Rainbow Room's east end, offer single-tiered seating, while the northeast and southwest corners contain double-tiered seating.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}} Between the staircases on the restaurant's western side, there is also a platform for bands and a shallow balcony for entertainers.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}} The handrails on the staircases behind the platform contain brass mullions with glass panes between each mullion. There are also stairs and a dumbwaiter behind the platform, which lead to the 64th floor kitchen. False columns on the eastern wall conceal small compartments for operating the platform's floodlights.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}} Private events are also hosted in several banquet rooms on the 64th floor.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=3}}

The double-height restaurant contains twenty-four {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} windows,{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}}{{sfn|Okrent|2003|p=368}} which surround the space so as to give it a "vista"-like quality.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=3}} Each window contains a blind that can be adjusted vertically, and there are radiators at the foot of many of these windows.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=5}} At the center of the restaurant is a revolving circular dance floor, which was inspired by the long-closed Murray's Roman Gardens on 42nd Street. The {{convert|32|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} floor can rotate in either direction and can make a full revolution every 3–5 minutes.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}}{{cite magazine|title=Music: Parisienne|magazine=Time|date=October 8, 1934|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,769979,00.html|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115184558/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,769979,00.html|url-status=live}} In the 1987 renovation, the rotating floor was covered with a carpet design consisting of a "compass rose, sort of a star, surrounded by two sets of diamond patterns, each within a circular band", which was similar to the floor's original carpet design. During lunchtime, the dance floor would stop rotating and an extra 70 seats could be placed on the stationary dance floor.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}} The Rainbow Room's rotating dance floor is said to draw its inspiration from the Round Room in the Carlu, a restaurant that Jacques Carlu designed in Toronto.{{cite book|last=David|first=William|title=The Architect: Time Out of Mind|publisher=Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency, LLC|year=2015|isbn=978-1-63135-579-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_lFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA156|access-date=December 9, 2017|page=156}}

Above the dance floor hang several concentric "rings" that recess into the ceiling from outside to inside, with the largest ring measuring {{Convert|47|ft|m}} across and the smallest, most recessed circle located in the center of the other rings. There is a chandelier hanging from a brass pole in the middle of the central circle.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=6}} This is the largest of the three chandeliers in the Rainbow Room, although a fourth chandelier formerly hung above the east alcove.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=7}} Both indirect lighting and crystal light fixtures on the walls illuminate the space. The lighting designer Edward F. Caldwell & Co. designed the room's original four chandeliers.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=8}} There are mirrors in the alcove, the eastern and western walls, and around the stage, which were intended to reflect the activity of the room in both the figurative and literal senses.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=7}}

The menu of the Rainbow Room focuses on Modern American cuisine and in 2017 was rated by Zagat as "very expensive".{{cite web|url=https://www.zagat.com/r/rainbow-room-new-york|title=Rainbow Room - New York | Restaurant Review|publisher=Zagat|access-date=March 22, 2018|archive-date=October 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018174729/http://www.zagat.com/r/rainbow-room-new-york|url-status=live}} This stems from its legacy as a lunch club, where New York's more elite and influential figures could gather to socialize over cocktails, dine on fine cuisine, and dance on the revolving floor.{{sfn|Postal|2012|p=3}} A 1965 New York Times article stated that the dinner choices included "coquille joinville, steak marchand de vin, and parfait au liquers". In 1984, New York magazine wrote that the menu of that time was very similar to the original menu, since "very little has changed over the years except the prices". Smoked salmon, oysters/clams, onion soup gratinee, bay scallops saute, coffee, and sherbet were among the foods from the original menu that appeared in the 1984 menu.{{Cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heUCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30|title=Prices|date=February 27, 1984|magazine=New York Magazine|publisher=New York Media, LLC|page=30|language=en}}

Since the 2014 reopening, the dinner menu has consisted of a variety of appetizers, entrees, and desserts. The Rainbow Room's appetizers included salads, a shallot artichoke soup, or chicken backbones. According to Devra Ferst of Eater.com, the entrees included "scallops baked in the shell, lobster potpie with black truffles, short rib pot roast, beef wellington, roast duck, and baked Alaska."{{cite web|url=https://ny.eater.com/2014/9/29/6868669/rainbow-rooms-monday-dinner-menu-is-for-old-school-millionaires|title=Rainbow Room's Monday Dinner Menu Is for Old School Millionaires|last=Ferst|first=Devra|date=September 29, 2014|website=Eater NY|access-date=December 10, 2017|archive-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211105104/https://ny.eater.com/2014/9/29/6868669/rainbow-rooms-monday-dinner-menu-is-for-old-school-millionaires|url-status=live}}

File:Rainbow Room 2015 event.jpg

Brunch is a hybrid of waiter service and buffet-style servings. There are different buffet bars for "breakfast classics", fruit and vegetable juices, parfaits, and crepes. There are also some cocktails and desserts served during brunch. The Sunday brunches served at the Rainbow Room change every season.{{cite web|url=https://www.rockefellercenter.com/blog/2016/05/18/new-rainbow-room-brunch/|title=Brunch at the Rainbow Room|date=May 18, 2016|website=Rockefeller Center|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211160911/https://www.rockefellercenter.com/blog/2016/05/18/new-rainbow-room-brunch/|url-status=live}} In 2014, the New York Post's Steve Cuozzo wrote that the "well-turned out breakfast favorites" included "marvelously runny scrambled eggs, honey-baked ham, smoked salmon, sweet-spicy chicken sausage", and French toast.{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2014/10/23/the-best-new-brunch-with-a-view-in-manhattan/|title=The best new brunch with a view in Manhattan|last=Cuozzo|first=Steve|date=October 24, 2014|work=New York Post|access-date=December 11, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211105235/https://nypost.com/2014/10/23/the-best-new-brunch-with-a-view-in-manhattan/|url-status=live}}

SixtyFive's menu consists of two types of beverages. There is a "classic list" featuring such drinks as a 1915 gin and tonic, and a "contemporary list" with items such as ginger beer. Ferst writes that according to an informal tallying of prices, the cheapest beverage on the menu cost $14.

Historically, the Rainbow Room has had a reputation as an important place for famous high society people. In 1942, Dance Magazine wrote, "The Rainbow Room is unique in many ways. The highest 'high spot' in the world, it is also the super night club in the world of the dance. From the beginning the Rainbow Room has done the unexpected, sponsored the new, and set the fashion for the rest of the dance world to follow."{{cite book|title=Dance|publisher=Rudor Publishing Company|issue=v. 15, nos. 7-8|year=1942|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLYRAAAAIAAJ|access-date=February 8, 2018|page=76}} A New York Times article in 1965 noted that the Rainbow Room's clientele included "actors, debutantes, tourists, businessmen and secretaries" who flocked to the Rainbow Room for the $9.50 prix fixe dinner. A dining guide in the Times, published in 1975, described the eclectic mixture of patrons. The restaurant itself was described as having a "curious surprise" in the form of "a feeling of intimacy, for all the expected splendor, partly because of the encircling sweep of Manhattan lights through the tall windows 65 stories above the street."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/21/archives/going-out-guide.html|title=GOING OUT Guide|last=Thompson|first=Howard|date=March 21, 1975|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209182402/http://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/21/archives/going-out-guide.html|url-status=live}} A 1988 edition of Restaurant Business stated that "the Rainbow Room immediately became the dining/dancing mecca of sophisticated New Yorkers" immediately after it opened.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWcsAQAAMAAJ|title=Restaurant Business|publisher=Restaurant Business|year=1988|volume=87|page=189|language=en|access-date=February 8, 2018}}

In 1989, New York magazine mentioned that the Zagat Survey had rated the Rainbow Room as having the best decor in New York City.{{cite book|title=New York Magazine|date=January 16, 1984|publisher=New York Media, LLC|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3OUCAAAAMBAJ|language=en|access-date=February 8, 2018|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3OUCAAAAMBAJ/page/n68 2]-PA30}} New York itself later described the Rainbow Room as "one place true New Yorkers expect never to visit. Except, of course, when you have to: For a show-off wedding, an out-of-towner dinner, or just to satisfy your curiosity about whether it lives up to the romantic lore."{{cite magazine|url=http://nymag.com/listings/restaurant/rainbow-room/|title=Rainbow Room|magazine=New York|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210123603/http://nymag.com/listings/restaurant/rainbow-room/|url-status=live}} A 2005 review of the restaurant called it an "overrated bar" with "corporate phony" Art Deco decorations.{{cite magazine|url=http://nymag.com/nymetro/bony/nightlife/2005/11487|title=Overrated Bar|date=March 14, 2005|magazine=New York|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210132957/http://nymag.com/nymetro/bony/nightlife/2005/11487/|url-status=live}}

In December 2014, after the restaurant's reopening, Zachary Feldman of The Village Voice described the space before 2009 as a "drab husk of its former self" and praised the New American supper cuisine with live acts as evidence that "the Rainbow Room has bounced back better than ever".{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/12/16/have-money-will-travel-65-floors-up-the-rainbow-room-rises-again-all-shiny-and-classy/|title=Have Money, Will Travel...65 Floors Up: The Rainbow Room Rises Again, All Shiny and Classy!|last=Feldman|first=Zachary|date=December 16, 2014|website=The Village Voice|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210123553/https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/12/16/have-money-will-travel-65-floors-up-the-rainbow-room-rises-again-all-shiny-and-classy/|url-status=live}} Writing in 2016, Claire Stern of InStyle lauded the brunch menu as being "as delicious as it is playfully presented".{{cite web|url=http://www.instyle.com/lifestyle/food-drink/rainbow-room-sunday-brunch-review|title=What a $125 Brunch at N.Y.C.'s Legendary Rainbow Room Looks Like|last=Stern|first=Claire|date=August 15, 2016|website=InStyle|access-date=December 9, 2017|archive-date=December 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072400/http://www.instyle.com/lifestyle/food-drink/rainbow-room-sunday-brunch-review|url-status=live}} The Post{{'}}s Cuozzo called the brunch menu "worth $95 a head, not including liquor". Zagat Guides gave the new Rainbow Room an average of 4.5 of 5 stars in its "Food", "Decor", and "Service" categories.

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|last=Balfour|first=Alan|title=Rockefeller Center: Architecture as Theater|url=https://archive.org/details/rockefellercente0000balf|url-access=registration|publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc.|year=1978|isbn=978-0-07003-480-8}}
• {{cite book|last=Okrent|first=Daniel|title=Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2003|isbn=978-0-14200-177-6|author-link=Daniel Okrent}}
• {{cite web|first=Matthew A.|last=Postal|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/2505.pdf|title=Rainbow Room|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|date=October 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215043348/https://www1.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/2505.pdf|archive-date=February 15, 2017|url-status=dead}}

{{commons category}}

• {{Official website|https://www.rockefellercenter.com/attractions/rainbow-room/}}

{{Restaurants in Manhattan}}

{{Rockefeller Center}}

{{Midtown North, Manhattan}}

{{TonyAwards venues}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1934 establishments in New York City

Category:Drinking establishments in Manhattan

Category:James Beard Foundation Award winners

Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan

Category:New York City interior landmarks

Category:Nightclubs in Manhattan

Category:Restaurants established in 1934

Category:Restaurants in Manhattan

Category:Rockefeller Center