Raja Aziz Bhatti

{{Short description|Pakistani military officer and war hero (1928–1965)}}

{{Infobox military person

| honorific_prefix = Major

| name = Raja Aziz Bhatti

| honorific_suffix = NH

| image = Raja Aziz Bhatti.jpeg

| image_upright =

| alt =

| caption =

| native_name = راجہ عزیز بھٹی

| native_name_lang = ur

| nickname = {{ubl|Raja|A Great Hero{{rp|220}}|A. A.|Defender of Lahore}}

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1928|08|06}}

| birth_place = British Hong Kong

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1965|09|12|1928|08|06}}

| death_place = Near Burki, West Pakistan, Pakistan

| placeofburial = Ladian, Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan

| placeofburial_label =

| placeofburial_coordinates =

| allegiance = {{flag|Empire of Japan}} {{small|(1944–1945)}}
{{flag icon|British India}} British India
{{small|(1946–1947)}}
{{flag|Pakistan}}
{{small|(1947–1965)}}

| branch = {{ubl|{{navy|Empire of Japan}} (1944–1945)| {{air force|British India}} (1946–1947)| {{air force|Pakistan}}(1947–1948)| {{army|Pakistan}} (1948–1965)}}

| branch_label = Service/branch

| serviceyears = 1944–1965

| serviceyears_label =

| rank = 20px Major

| rank_label =

| servicenumber = PA-2695

| unit = {{ubl|4/16th Punjab Regiment| Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)}}

| commands =

| battles = {{tree list}}

| battles_label =

| awards = 50px Nishan-e-Haider
50px Pakistan Medal

50px Sword of Honor

| memorials =

| spouse =

| children =

| relations = General Raheel Sharif (Nephew)
Major Shabbir Sharif (Nephew)

| laterwork =

| signature =

| signature_size =

| signature_alt =

| website = [https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContentec54.html?pId=175 Major Raja Aziz Bhatti]

| module =

}}

Raja Aziz Bhatti{{efn|{{langx|pa|{{Nq|راجا عزیز بھٹی}}}}; {{langx|ur|{{Nq|راجہ عزیز بھٹی}}}}}} (6 August 1928{{Snd}}12 September 1965) was a Pakistani military officer and the 4th recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, the Nishan-e-Haider, which he received posthumously after he was killed in action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Born in British Hong Kong, Bhatti attended the Queen's College and was later drafted into the Imperial Japanese Navy, during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, in 1944, first serving as a seaman recruit and later a tower watchman. The following year, he relocated to British India where he joined the British Indian Air Force as an airman in June 1946.

Following the partition of India in August 1947, Bhatti served as a corporal in the Pakistan Air Force and later successfully applied to join the Pakistan Army in 1948, and was promoted to the rank of major in 1962. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Bhatti was killed in action by Indian forces while defending Lahore in the Battle of Burki. He was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider posthumously for his actions during the battle, and is known in Pakistan as Muhafiz-i Lahore ("the defender of Lahore").

Early life and education

Raja Aziz Bhatti was born in British Hong Kong on 6 August 1928 into a Bhatti Rajput family with roots in Punjab.{{cite web |date=2012 |title=Major Aziz Bhatti: biography in Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/major-aziz-bhatti.html |access-date=9 March 2019 |website=www.urdubiography.com |language=ur}} His family hailed from a small village about 23 miles away from the Gujrat city of Punjab in India, who had immigrated to British Hong Kong after his father and two uncles found employment in the Hong Kong Police Force. His father, Muhammad Abdullah Bhatti, was an alumnus of the Queen's College in Hong Kong who later served as an Inspector in the Hong Kong Police Force. Aziz Bhatti was educated in Hong Kong where he completed his matriculation and attended the Queen's College but his education was halted due to the Japanese invasion and occupation of Hong Kong in 1941. He was drafted into the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1944, first serving at the rank of the seaman recruit and as the tower watchman (observation post) before being directed to attend the officer school offered by the Imperial Japanese Navy due to his educational qualifications.

However in December 1945, the Bhatti family relocated to India, and Aziz Bhatti enlisted to join the Royal Indian Air Force as an airman in June 1946. After the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, Bhatti joined the Pakistan Air Force and was promoted as corporal (Cpl.), which he continued to serve in the air force until 1948. Cpl. Bhatti was a prospective candidate to join the Air Force Academy in Risalpur and was known to be among the brightest members of the Air Force in its early years.{{rp|220}}{{cite book |last1=Zajda |first1=Joseph |last2=Tsyrlina-Spady |first2=Tatyana |last3=Lovorn |first3=Michael |title=Globalisation and Historiography of National Leaders: Symbolic Representations in School Textbooks |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789402409758 |pages=250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdvJDQAAQBAJ&q=aziz+bhatti+air+force&pg=PA220 |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en}}

Prior to gaining officer's commission in the Pakistan Army, Bhatti served in the Pakistan Air Force as an enlisted man and left the air force as a corporal in a favor of transferring to the Army. In his brief military career, he was a staff officer working on administrative positions

On 21 January 1948, Bhatti submitted an application to the Ministry of Defense (MoD), asking to be transferred to the Pakistan Army, which was approved and Bhatti was directed to attend the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul in 1948. There, he distinguished himself in studies and athletics among his classmates, and passed out from the academy at the top of his class in the class of the first PMA Long Course, in 1950. He was awarded the Sword of Honor and the Norman gold medallion by the ceremony's chief guest, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.{{rp|177}}{{cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Imran Ali |title=Moon Glade |date=2018 |publisher=Inter-Services Public Relations |location=Rawalpindi, Punj. Pakistan |isbn=9789697632022 |pages=248 |edition=1st |url=https://nadeemmalik.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/moonglade.pdf |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en-us |chapter={{small|Major Aziz Bhatti)}}}} He was commissioned as the 2nd-Lt. in the 4th battalion of the 16th Punjab Regiment (4/16th Punjab Regiment). He was promoted to lieutenant in 1951 and to captain in 1953.

In 1956, Aziz was sent to Canada to attend the staff course at the Canadian Army Command and Staff College where he remained until graduation from strategic studies courses in 1960.{{rp|71}}{{cite book |title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan |date=1969 |publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Xk6AQAAIAAJ&q=Aziz+Bhatti+staff+college |language=en}} Upon returning to Pakistan, Capt. Aziz was posted with the 17th Punjab Regiment as a General Staff Officer (GSO) until 1962. After being promoted as major in the Army in 1962, Maj. Aziz was taken into the faculty of the School of Infantry and Tactics in Quetta, which he remained until 1964.

Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

From January till May 1965, Maj. Bhatti served as the General Staff Officer (GSO) of the 17th Punjab Regiment, but was later posted as the commander of the two military companies after the Indian Army's counter attack to Operation Gibraltar, crossing the international borders in September 1965.{{rp|279}}{{cite book |last1=Beg |first1=Aziz |title=Seventeen September Days |date=1966 |publisher=Babur and Amer Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7AJk5Bza3UC&q=major+aziz+bhatti |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}} Leading the military companies, Maj. Bhatti was initially deployed on the forward positions of the BRB Canal near the Burki area that falls in the vicinity of the Lahore District in Pakistan-side Punjab.{{rp|177}}{{rp|contents}}{{cite book |last1=Cloughley |first1=Brian |title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections |date=2016 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781631440397 |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SqCDwAAQBAJ&q=major+aziz+bhatti+Burki&pg=PT84 |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}}

Official engagement with the Indian Army took place between 7–10 September when the Indian Army begin its push of capturing the Burki sector through artillery and armory in a view of entering in Lahore.{{rp|178}}{{cite book |last1=Bajwa |first1=Farooq |title=From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 |date=2013 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=9781849042307 |pages=400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a0NAQAAQBAJ&q=major+aziz+bhatti&pg=PA178 |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}} Despite Indian Army's efforts of relatively easily capturing of the Burki sector through the BRB Canal, the outnumbered military companies under Major Bhatti had forced the Indian Army to engage in hand-to-hand combat during the night of the 7/8 September 1965, and the fighting continued till the next three days despite Indian Army having numerical advantage.{{rp|178}} Although the defense of the Burki sector through the BRB Canal had less importance in the views of military strategists working at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi, its defense was fierce and tenacious, and the Indian Army had to halt its plans of capturing Lahore and focused on capturing the Burki sector and destroying the bridge connecting the BRB Canal.{{rp|178}}{{rp|52}}{{cite book |last1=Musa |first1=Gen. Mohammed |author-link1=Musa Khan (general) |title=My version: India-Pakistan war, 1965 |date=1983 |publisher=Wajid Ali Publishing co. |pages=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQhuAAAAMAAJ&q=Aziz |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}} It is unclear why the Pakistan Army did not send the reinforcement teams to provide back up to Maj. Bhatti's teams and the questionnaire-based controversy was later generated on why Maj. Bhatti and his teams were left alone to fight bravely for a long time.{{rp|contents}}

Bhatti declined an offer to take leave with his family in Lahore and instead told a sergeant, "Do not recall me. I don't want to go back. I will shed the last drop of my blood in the defense of my dear homeland."{{cite news |title=Will shed last drop of blood for homeland: Major Raja Aziz Bhatti's last words {{!}} Pakistan {{!}} Dunya News |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/298602-Will-shed-last-drop-of-blood-for-homeland-Major-R |access-date=10 March 2019 |work=dunyanews.tv}} Maj. Bhatti moved towards building up the trenches and positioned himself towards forward observation to view enemy movements, where he would often stand for a better view to direct howitzer fire.{{rp|231}}{{cite book |last1=Nawaz |first1=Shuja |title=Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195476606 |pages=665 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKyfAAAAMAAJ&q=bhatti+ |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}}

Bhatti was killed on 10 or 12 September 1965.{{cite web |title=Major Raja Aziz Bhatti |url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=175 |access-date=25 September 2013 |work=Nishan-i-Haider recipients |publisher=Pakistan Army}} He stood up to observe enemy positions and direct artillery fire, despite warnings to take cover,{{rp|238}}{{cite book |last1=Ghaznawi |first1=Khalid |title=Story of Indian Aggressions Against Pakistan |date=1966 |publisher=National Book House |pages=328 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NnICg3ZpIy4C&q=Major+Raja+Bhatti+tank |access-date=10 March 2019 |language=en}}{{cite web|date=2021-09-13|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/815492/nation-remembers-major-aziz-bhatti-on-56th-martyrdom-anniversary/|title=Nation remembers Major Aziz Bhatti on 56th martyrdom anniversary|website=Daily Times|access-date=2021-09-14}} and was killed by shellfire.{{rp|238}} Maj. Bhatti was 37 years old at the time of his death.

Memorials

File:Major Aziz Bhatti Shaheed - Gravestone (7537828020).jpg

= Ancestral Home =

Maj. Aziz Bhatti was buried in the courtyard of his ancestral home at Ladian, a small village near Gujrat, Punjab in Pakistan.{{cite web |title=September War & Our Solo Nishan e Haider |date=15 October 2017 |url=https://www.meemainseen.com/2017/10/aziz-bhatti/ |access-date=10 March 2019}} In 1966, the federal government accepted the recommendations and announced to posthumously award the Nishan-e-Haider for his gallantry and actions of valor during the defense of the Burki.{{cite book |title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan |date=1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOENAQAAIAAJ&q=Raja+Aziz+Bhatti+awarded+nishan+1966 |language=en}}

Later the federal government funded to build the marble tombstone at his ancestral home in 1967 at his locality.

The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in Urdu and is actually a poem; and it reads with translation as:

"Rouge on the face of shahadat, pride of the country and the nation are these fearless warriors, a strike of their sword wipes out the mightiest of foes

this one who came out victorious in the struggle for the cause of ALLAH is lying here in the delight of the afterlife dream. Major Bhatti fought valiantly on Lahore Front, and is posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider".

= Memorial at Barki =

A memorial to Major Aziz Bhatti was built in 2019 at the site where he was killed defending against an Indian attack on 6 September 1965. The memorial is located approximately 500 metres north of the Barki Road/BRB Canal checkpoint on the west side of BRB Canal. The citation reads as follows in English (with editorial additions):

Major Raja Aziz Bhatti known as "Muhafiz-e-Lahore (Defender of Lahore)" received Pakistans highest award for his valor. He was born in Hong Kong in [a] Muslim Rajput family (belongs to Lahore) in 1928. He got commissioned in [the] Pakistan Army in 1950 (17 Punjab Regiment). Major Aziz Bhatti was posted to Barki sector Lahore, during [the] Indo Pakwar 1965. Being [a] Company Commander, he moved his Platoon forward to this bank of BRBLC [BRB Canal] under constant fire of enemy tanks and artillery. He resisted for five days and nights in defending [this] Pakistani outpost on [the] strategic BRBLC without rest. On 6 September 1965, he left his company Headquarter[s] and move[d] to his forward Platoon and stayed with them under incessant artillery & tank attacks. He positioned himself in this elevated place to watch every move of [the] enemy. This point was vulnerable to enemy tank & artillery fire. After five days of continuous fighting on [the] front he was offered to be relieved for rest but he refused of [sic] being relieved and said "I do not want to go back, I will shed the last drop of my blood in the defense of my dear homeland." On 10 September 1965, Major Aziz Bhatti was hit by enemy tank shell in the chest while observing [the] enemy move from this elevated place. He was awarded with highest Gallantry [the] award of Nishan-e-Haider on [as a result of his] supreme act of bravery.

=Galleries=

{{Gallery

|title=Tomb and gravestone of Maj. Raja Aziz Bhatti

|width=120

|height=150

|align=center

|File:Major Aziz Bhatti Shaheed- Haveli (7537821924).jpg|{{small|The courtyard of the ancestral home of Maj. Raja Aziz Bhatti.}}

|File:Major Aziz Bhatti Shaheed - Grave (7537826112).jpg|{{small|The grave of Maj. Raja Aziz Bhatti.}}

|File:Major Aziz Bhatti Shaheed - Plate (7537829842).jpg|{{small|The entrance of the ancestral home of Maj. Raja Aziz Bhatti }}

|File:Memorial Major Bhatti BRB Canal 2999.jpg|{{small|Likeness of Major Bhatti at his memorial near the site of his death near the BRB Canal}}|Memorial Major Aziz Bhatti BRB Canal 2997.jpg|{{small|Picture of the memorial to Major Bhatti facing east, near the site of his death near the BRB Canal}}|mode=traditional|noborder=no}}

Popular culture and extended family

Bhatti is widely popular as the "Muhafiz-e-Lahore" (Defender of Lahore).{{cite web |date=31 March 2012 |title=Raja Aziz Bhatti |url=http://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/raja-aziz-bhatti/ |access-date=23 August 2014 |publisher=PakistanTimes}}{{cite web |date=31 March 2012 |title=Raja Aziz Bhatti |url=http://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/raja-aziz-bhatti/ |publisher=Pakistan Times}} In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in Lahore, Punjab in Pakistan depicting Pakistan's war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Maj. Aziz Bhatti.[https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575 From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show] Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018 In 1997, he was the subject of a popular and critically acclaimed biographical war drama telefilm, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti, produced by the ISPR and directed by Salim Tahir of the PTV.{{cite web |date=5 September 2016 |title=Major Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Full Movie mp4 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alKcMML4NX0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/alKcMML4NX0 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |access-date=3 March 2019 |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=ISPR Films}}{{cbignore}}

It was reported in media that former Pakistan Army's General, Raheel Sharif who was the former Chief of Army Staff and Major Shabbir Sharif, another recipient of Nishan-e-Haider of Pakistan Army, are the nephews of Major Raja Aziz Bhatti.{{cite news|url=http://www.pakistantribune.com.pk/6825/lt-general-raheel-sharif-appointed-as-chief-of-army-staff.html|title=Lt. General Raheel Sharif Appointed as Chief of Army Staff|work=Pakistan Tribune|date=27 November 2013|access-date=27 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128184503/http://www.pakistantribune.com.pk/6825/lt-general-raheel-sharif-appointed-as-chief-of-army-staff.html|archive-date=28 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}

His grandson Babar Bhatti, a Canada-based businessman, is married to the famous supermodel-turned-actress Iman Ali.[https://www.samaa.tv/culture/2019/02/pakistani-model-and-actor-iman-ali-ties-the-knot-in-lahore/ "Pakistani model and actor Iman Ali ties the knot in Lahore"] (22 February 2019), Samaa. Retrieved 25 February 2019.