Ramón J. Fernández
{{Short description|Filipino businessman and politician}}
{{Family name hatnote|Fernández|de Castro|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramón J. Fernández
| image = Ramón Julio Estevan Fernández y de Castro's passport application.jpg
| imagesize =
| smallimage =
| caption = Fernández on his U.S. passport application in 1917
| office = Ambassador Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Kingdom
| term_start = 1946
| term_end = 1949
| predecessor = Position estabilished
| successor = José E. Romero (as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary)
| president = Manuel Roxas
Elpidio Quirino
| office1 = Senator of the Philippines
| term_start1 = July 9, 1945
| term_end1 = May 25, 1946
| office2 = Senator of the Philippines from the 4th district
| term_start2 = October 3, 1923
| term_end2 = June 2, 1925
| predecessor2 = Pedro Guevara
| successor2 = Juan Sumulong
| office3= 4th Mayor of Manila
| term_start3 = March 7, 1920
| term_end3 = July 16, 1923
| appointer3 = Leonard Wood
| predecessor3 = Justo Lukban
| successor3 = Eulogio Rodriguez
| 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}}
| 1namedata3 = Juan Posadas Jr.
| office4 = President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands
| predecessor4 = Jose F. Fernandez
| successor4 = Vicente Madrigal
| term4 = 1918–1919
| office5 = 1st Vice Mayor of Manila
| term_start5 = August 7, 1901
| term_end5 = August 7, 1907
| predecessor5 = Position created
| successor5 = Isabelo de los Reyes
| 1blankname5 = Mayor
| 1namedata5 = Arsenio Cruz Herrera (1901–1905)
Félix M. Roxas (1905–1907)
| birth_name = Ramón Julio Estevan Fernández y de Castro
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|4|12}}
| birth_place = San Miguel, Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1964|11|10|1878|4|12}}
| death_place = San Juan, Rizal, Philippines
| nationality = Filipino
| party = Nacionalista
| otherparty = Democrata
| spouse = Felisa Valenzuela Hocson
| alma_mater = Ateneo de Manila
| occupation = Businessman, politician
| profession =
| religion =
}}
Ramón Julio Estevan Fernández y de Castro (April 12, 1878 – November 10, 1964) was a Filipino businessman and politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1923 to 1925 again from 1945 to 1946, He also served as the 4th Mayor of Manila from 1920 to 1923 and as 1st Vice Mayor of Manila from 1901 to 1907.
==Early life and education==
Ramon Fernández was born on April 12, 1878 in the then-pueblo of San Miguel in Manila to Isidoro Fernández and Francisca de Castro.{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ram%C3%B3n-Fern%C3%A1ndez/6000000179047212870|title=Don Ramón Julio Estevan Fernández y de Castro|website=Geni.com|accessdate=April 28, 2024}} He studied at the Ateneo de Manila and then left for England, where he obtained his diploma in electrical engineering.
Business career
In 1907, he started a shipping company called Fernández Hermanos with his brothers José and Vicente. In the years that followed, the company grew into one of the largest in the Philippines. Fernández also held many top positions in the Philippine business community over the years and was president of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce.{{cite magazine| title=130 Years of the Chamber | magazine=COMMERCE| issue=2016-2017 Special Issue | page=7}}
In 1913, Fernández was appointed as manager of the San Miguel Corporation, together with Enrique Brías de Coya. In 1918, after the resignation of Antonio Roxas, Ramón J. Fernández assumed the presidency of the company. In 1939, the management of the company was reorganized along the lines of American corporations, and Fernández was elected president of the board of directors.
On February 26, 1941, Fernández and a group of fellow businessmen headed by Andrés Soriano Sr. formally incorporated Philippine Air Lines, Inc.. Fernández and Soriano acquired the franchise of Philippine Aerial Taxi Company, Inc. and renamed it Philippine Air Lines (PAL).{{cite journal|last=Donohue|first=Ken|date=Apr 2012|title=Philippine Airlines: Asia's first, striving to shine|journal=Airways (Sandpoint, Idaho)|location=Sandpoint, Idaho|publisher=Airways International, Inc.|volume=19|issue=2|pages=26–33|issn=1074-4320|oclc=29700959}} The airline's first flight took place on March 15, 1941,[http://www.philippineairlines.com/about_pal/milestones/milestones.jsp Milestones in the History of PAL], Philippine Airlines. Retrieved October 2011. carrying the founders of the airline as its first passengers – Fernández, Soriano, Juan Miguel Elizalde, John R. Schultz and Ernesto Von Kaufmann.
Political career
In 1901, Fernández was appointed as the first vice mayor of Manila, serving until 1904. In 1920, Fernández was appointed mayor of Manila by American Governor-General Leonard Wood. In July 1923, he resigned after his order to dismiss an American detective for accepting bribes from gambling houses was reversed by Wood. The incident led to the resignation of the Filipino members of Wood's cabinet and subsequently became known as the Cabinet Crisis of 1923.{{cite news |title=Quezon and his fights |url=https://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/1961/08/01/quezon-and-his-fights-august-1-1961/ |accessdate=6 June 2023 |work=The Philippines Free Press|last=Lim|first=Rodrigo|date=1 August 1961}}
Later that year, Fernández was elected to the Philippine Senate on behalf of the 4th district. He defeated Juan Sumulong in special elections to succeed Pedro Guevara who had been appointed Resident Commissioner to the United States. In the 1925 regular election, however, he lost to Sumulong. Later, Fernández was again elected to an at-large Senate in 1941. Because the Japanese invaded the Philippines shortly afterwards, he was only able to take office in 1945, following the liberation of the Philippines by the Americans.{{cite web|title=List of Previous Senators|url=https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/senators/senlist.asp|accessdate=6 June 2023|work=Senate of the Philippines}}
Death
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez, Ramon J.}}
Category:Filipino electrical engineers
Category:Nacionalista Party politicians
Category:Senators of the 6th Philippine Legislature
Category:Senators of the 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
Category:Members of the Senate of the Philippines from the 4th district
Category:Ambassadors of the Philippines to the United Kingdom