Ramphocelus

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Ramphocelus bresilius04.jpg

| image_caption = Brazilian tanager (Ramphocelus bresilius)

| taxon = Ramphocelus

| authority = Desmarest, 1805

| type_species = Tanagra bresilia

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1766

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See species list

}}

Ramphocelus is a Neotropical genus of birds of the tanager family. They have enlarged shiny whitish or bluish-grey lower mandibles, which are pointed upwards in display. However, this is greatly reduced in the females of most species. Males are black and red, orange or yellow, while females resemble a duller version of the males, or are brownish or greyish combined with dull red, orange or yellowish.

Ramphocelus tanagers are found in semi-open areas. The nest is a cup built by the female of plant materials such as moss, rootlets, and strips of large leaves like banana or Heliconia, and is often in a fairly open site in a tree. The female usually lays pale blue eggs, with grey, brown or lavender spots, and the young stay in the nest for only about 12 days.

The songs of this genus are repetitions of rich one- or two-syllable whistles.

Ramphocelus tanagers hunt at forest edges or in second growth, taking insects in flight or picking them from leaves.

Taxonomy

The genus Ramphocelus was introduced by the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1805.{{ cite book | last=Desmarest | first=Anselme Gaëtan | author-link=Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest | year=1805 | title=Histoire naturelle des Tangaras, des Manakins et des Todiers | language=French | place=Paris | publisher=Imprimarie de H. Perronneau | at=Plate 28 text | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51232238 }} The name combines the Ancient Greek words {{transliteration|grc|rhamphos}} "bill" and {{transliteration|grc|koilos}} "concave".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=330 }} The type species was designated as the Brazilian tanager by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1855.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1855 | title=Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum | location=London | publisher=British Museum | page=148 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17136787 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=310 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483545 }}

The other species form two superspecies. One includes crimson-backed, Huallaga, silver-beaked and Brazilian tanagers, and the other comprises Passerini's, Cherrie's and flame-rumped tanagers.

The subspecies icteronotus of the flame-rumped tanager is sometimes considered a separate species, and the lemon-rumped tanager, R. icteronotus, and Passerini's and Cherrie's tanager were formerly lumped as scarlet-rumped tanager, R. passerinii (a treatment some authorities still prefer).

Species in taxonomic order

The genus contains nine species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 April 2018 }}

{{Species table |genus= Ramphocelus |authority-name=Desmarest |authority-year=1805 |species-count=nine|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Crimson-collared tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus sanguinolentus

|image=File:Ramphocelus sanguinolentus.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Lesson |authority-year= 1831|authority-not-original=yes

|range= southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca in Mexico through the Atlantic slope of Central America,western Panama

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus sanguinolentus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Masked crimson tanager |binomial=Ramphocelus nigrogularis

|image=File:Masked Crimson Tanager - Manu NP - Perù 8953 (22856151717).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Ramphocelus nigrogularis - Masked Crimson Tanager (female), Careiro da Várzea, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Spix |authority-year=1825 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus nigrogularis map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Crimson-backed tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus dimidiatus

|image=File:Crimson-backed Tanager - Panama H8O8413 (22954596730).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Crimson-backed tanager (Ramphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus) female.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Lafresnaye |authority-year=1837 |authority-not-original=

|range= Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela, and introduced to French Polynesia

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus dimidiatus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Huallaga tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus melanogaster

|image=File:Ramphocelus melanogaster - Black-bellied Tanager 2.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Swainson|authority-year= 1838 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Peru

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus melanogaster map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Silver-beaked tanager |binomial=Ramphocelus carbo

|image=File:Ramphocelus carbo -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil -male-8.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Ramphocelus carbo-2009-02-08.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Pallas |authority-year=1764 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= South America from eastern Colombia and Venezuela south to Paraguay and central Brazil, Perú and on Trinidad

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus carbo map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Brazilian tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus bresilia

|image=File:Ramphocelus bresilius03.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Ramphocelus bresilius -Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil -female-8.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Linnaeus|authority-year= 1766 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= eastern Brazil and far northeastern Argentina

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus bresilius map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Scarlet-rumped tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus passerinii

|image=File:Passerini's Tanager - Sarapiqui - Costa Rica S4E0838 (26712310255).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Passerinis tanager female.jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Bonaparte |authority-year=1831 |authority-not-original=

|range= Caribbean lowlands from southern Mexico to western Panama

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus passerinii map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Flame-rumped tanager|binomial=Ramphocelus flammigerus

|image=File:Flame-rumped Tanager - Colombia S4E8786 (22621894474).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Flame-rumped Tanager (Ramphocelus flammigerus).jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Jardine & Selby |authority-year= 1833|authority-not-original=yes

|range= Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus flammigerus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Lemon-rumped tanager |binomial=Ramphocelus icteronotus

|image=File:Lemon-rumped Tanager - Panama H8O0413 (22623317413).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male

|image2 =File:Ramphocelus flammigerus icteronotus Toche enjalmado Lemon-rumped Tanager (female) (7468452850).jpg|image2-caption=Female

|authority-name=Bonaparte |authority-year=1838 |authority-not-original=

|range= Panama to Ecuador

|range-image=File:Ramphocelus icteronotus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

References

Sources

{{cite book

| last = ffrench

| first = Richard

| title = A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago

| edition = 2nd

| year = 1991

| publisher = Comstock Publishing

| isbn = 0-8014-9792-2 }}

Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, {{ISBN|0-7136-6418-5}}
Morton, Isler & Isler, Tanagers {{ISBN|0-7136-5116-4}}
Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica {{ISBN|0-8014-9600-4}}
{{cite book | author=Steve N. G. Howell and Sophie Webb | title=A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1995 | isbn=0-19-854012-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/guidetobirdsofme0000howe }}
{{cite journal | author=S. J. Hackett | title= Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of tanagers in the genus Ramphocelus (Aves) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=5 | issue=2 | year=1996 | pages=368–382 | doi= 10.1006/mpev.1996.0032 | pmid=8728395| bibcode= 1996MolPE...5..368H }}

Category:Bird genera