Raphael Armattoe

Armattoe was born at Keta in the Gold Coast (in what is now the Volta Region of Ghana). He received his early education in Lomé, Togoland before completing his primary education in Denu, Gold Coast. Between 1925 and 1928 he attended secondary school at Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast.{{Cite book |last=Ephson |first=Isaac S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQoOAQAAMAAJ |title=Gallery of Gold Coast Celebrities, 1632-1958 |date=1969 |publisher=Ilen Publications |language=en}}

As Togoland changed from German to British and French hands, Armattoe ended up being fluent in German, French and English; whilst also being fluent in Spanish and Portuguese. He also spoke his native Ewe language. He left for Germany in 1930 for further studies, with most of his tertiary education was in Germany and France.

He apparently left Germany for France due to rising Nazism. He continued his studies in anthropology, literature and Medicine at the Sorbonne.{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyireland.com/volumes/volume14/issue4/news/?id=114065 |title=R. E. G. Armattoe: the 'Irishman' from West Africa |access-date=25 August 2010 |author=Philippa Robinson |publisher=History Publications Ltd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320003935/http://www.historyireland.com/volumes/volume14/issue4/news/?id=114065 |archive-date=20 March 2012}}

Armattoe moved to Edinburgh, where he qualified to practice medicine.

He then got a locum job in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and following that worked at the Civil Defence first-aid post in Brooke Park, Derry, between 1939 and 1945. After the Second World War, he opened a medical practice at his home on Northland Road in Derry. He later established and became the director of the Lomeshie Research Centre, named after his mother.

In 1947, he attended the Nobel Prize laureation ceremonies with his friend Erwin Schrödinger, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, being the only African amongst the thousand intellectuals invited to attend the event in Stockholm. Schrödinger later wrote the foreword for Armattoe's book The Golden Age of West African Civilization. Armattoe later successfully applied for an anthropological research grant worth £3,000 at the time from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. At the age of just 35 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1948."Armattoe, R. E. G.", in Makers of Modern Africa, London: Africa Journal Ltd, 1981, p. 61. The Abochi drug which can cure guinea-worms, toothaches, bronchitis, boils and allied diseases patent was later bought by a prominent Nigerian drug company at the time.

At this stage, he started being more involved with writing and giving talks, especially relating to anthropology. He was described by some who knew him as a marvellous doctor and a good speaker.{{Cite book|title=West African Poetry: A Critical History |last=Fraser |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fraser (writer) |date=4 September 1986 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-31223-3 |page=364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRdbccKzXSQC&dq=Raphael+Armattoe&pg=PA33 |access-date=25 August 2010}} Through association with international scientific societies he is regarded as one of the very few scientists at the time to understand atomic energy.

Later in 1948 he returned to West Africa, where he conducted research mainly on Ewe physical anthropology but also set up a medical clinic at Kumasi in the Ashanti Region. He also turned his attention to poetry, writing and politics. His first collection of poems was Between the Forest and the Sea (1950). His next collection, Deep Down in the Black Man's Mind, was published in 1954, after his death.

Armattoe and Kwame Nkrumah first met at the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester;{{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRl1AAAAMAAJ |title=The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah |date=1957 |publisher=Nelson |isbn=978-0-7178-0293-7 |language=en}} a conference attended by many future Ghanaians politicians as well as Hastings Banda, Jomo Kenyatta and W. E. B. Du Bois.{{Cite book |last1=Adi |first1=Hakim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7mfAAAAMAAJ |title=The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress Revisited |last2=Sherwood |first2=Marika |date=1995 |publisher=New Beacon Books |isbn=978-1-873201-12-1 |language=en}} Though they both favoured independence for the colonies, Nkrumah was centrist while Armattoe was federalist. He joined the Ghana Congress Party rather than Nkrumah's Convention People's Party.

Armattoe maintained contact with Du Bois who partook in his study Testament to Youth.{{Cite web |title=Letter from R. E. G. Armattoe to W. E. B. Du Bois, November 16, 1950 |url=http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b127-i172 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=credo.library.umass.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Lomeshie Research Centre Testament to Youth questionnaire, ca. July 1947 |url=http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b114-i193 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=credo.library.umass.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Letter from W. E. B. Du Bois to Lomeshie Research Centre, September 24, 1947 |url=http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-b114-i194 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=credo.library.umass.edu |language=en}}

He belonged to the Ewe ethnic group, who he sought the unification of its people who were divided by colonial powers between British Togoland, the Gold Coast and French Togoland; he wanted its people united as one Ewe nation-state being active within the Togoland Congress, advocating for Ewe Unification.

In 1953, Armattoe addressed the United Nations in New York City regarding Togoland and the "Eweland Question", which Die Welt at the time regarded as one of the most important documents in African history in the 20th century."Armattoe, Raphael", in Keith A. P. Sandiford, A Black Studies Primer: Heroes and Heroines of the African Diaspora, Hansib Publications, 2008, p. 46.

His father Glikpo Armattoe was a merchant of Palime, Togoland, who traded mainly with the Germans and also studied local indigenous languages.{{Cite book |last=Ephson |first=Isaac S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQoOAQAAMAAJ |title=Gallery of Gold Coast Celebrities, 1632-1958 |date=1969 |publisher=Ilen Publications |language=en}} Armattoe was married to Swiss-born Leony Elizabeth Schwartz, who was also known as "Marina". They had two daughters, the elder, Irusia, being born in Derry. Armattoe and his family lived at Kumasi in Ghana until his death.{{Cite web |title=Irusia Armattoe |url=http://www.irusiaa.raywhite.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715155526/http://www.irusiaa.raywhite.com/ |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=25 August 2010 |publisher=Ray White}}

Armattoe fell ill and died in a hospital in Hamburg. His wife reported that he said he had been poisoned by some unknown persons. He had apparently been attacked previously by supporters of Kwame Nkrumah, for withholding the cure to swollen shoot unless the government approached him in a respectful manner, having chosen to distance himself from Nkrumah's Government.{{Cite book |last=Austin |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYRyAAAAMAAJ |title=Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960 |date=1964 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-285046-1 |language=en}}

Inscribed on his gravestone in Hamburg are the words "Africa's Greatest Nationalist".

A blue plaque in his honour was unveiled by the Ulster History Circle at 7 Northland Road, Derry, where Armattoe lived from 1939 to 1945 and carried on his practice as a GP.[http://ulsterhistorycircle.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/blue-plaque-for-physician.html "Blue plaque for physician, anthropologist and writer from West Africa"], Ulster History Circle, 20 September 2012.[http://ulsterhistorycircle.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/blue-plaque-for-dr-raphael-ernest-grail.html "Blue plaque for Dr Raphael Ernest Grail Armattoe"], Ulster History Circle, 2 October 2012.

• {{Cite book|title=Articles, mainly on medical subjects, reprinted from periodicals |asin=B000WETQ54 |asin-tld=co.uk }}
• Japan's Place in the Sun. 1932
• Uber Die Heutige Einstellung Der Wissenschaft. 1933
• Moeurs et Coiturnes Togolaises. 1939
• {{Cite book|title=The Pattern Youth: An interim report |year=1943 |asin=B0007KF9CW |asin-tld=co.uk }}
• {{Cite book|title=A Dental Survey of the British Isles |year=1943 |asin=B0007KF9D6 |asin-tld=co.uk |pages=5 }}
• {{Cite book|title=A Racial Survey of the British People ... Lecture |year=1944 |publisher=Londonderry Sentinel |asin=B000WEXNRQ |asin-tld=co.uk }}
• {{Cite book|title=The Swiss Contribution to Western Civilization |year=1944 |publisher=Dundalgan Press |location=Dundalk |asin=B00408QC0A |asin-tld=co.uk}}
• {{Cite book|title=Homage to Three Great Men: Schweitzer, Schroedinger, De Gennaro |last=Armattoe |first=Raphael |author2=Gaetano De Gennaro |author2-link=Gaetano De Gennaro |author3=Erwin Schroedinger |author4=Albert Schweitzer |year=1945 |publisher=Londonderry Sentinel |asin=B000WEQ18O |asin-tld=co.uk }}
• {{Cite book|title=The Golden Age of West African Civilization |year=1946 |publisher=The Londonderry Sentinel for the Lomeshie Research Centre |asin=B0006EUHIA |asin-tld=co.uk }}
• Anthropology in Portugal. 1946
• {{Cite book|title=Space, Time, and Race; Or, The Age of Man in America |last=Armattoe |first=Raphael |year=1946 |asin=B0007JLE22 |asin-tld=co.uk |pages=16 }}
• {{Cite book|title=Personal Recollections of the Nobel Laureation Festival of 1947: With an appendix listing all the distinguished guests at the Nobel banquet |year=1948 |publisher=Lomeshie Research Centre |asin=B0007J26WO |asin-tld=co.uk |pages=62 }}
• {{Cite book|title=Between the Forest and the Sea: Collected Poems |year=1950 |publisher=Armattoe |asin=B0000CHOO0 |asin-tld=co.uk |pages=78 }}
• Selected Correspondence with Men of Science. 1951
• Anaphylaxis (A medical treatise). 1952
• Testament to Youth. 1953
• The Ewes in Eweland. 1954 (An anthropological study)
• Dawn over Africa. 1954 (Novel)
• {{Cite book|title=Deep Down in the Black Man's Mind: Poems |year=1954 |publisher=Alfred H. Stockwell |location=Ilfracombe |asin=B0000CIX8L |asin-tld=co.uk |pages=112 }}
• {{Cite book|title=Early Ghanaian Poetry |year=1954 |last=Wiegraebe |first=P. |author2=Raphael Armattoe |publisher=Periodicals Service Company |isbn=978-0-8115-3039-2 }}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.amazon.com/s?platform=gurupa&url=index%3Dblended&keywords=Raphael+Armattoe Amazon book search]
• [http://www.newulsterbiography.co.uk/index.php/home/viewPerson/1865 "Dr. Raphael Ernest Grail Armattoe (1913–1953): Physician and writer"], Dictionary of Ulster Biography.

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Category:1913 births

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Category:20th-century Ghanaian male writers