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Registration Convention

{{Short description|1974 United Nations treaty}}

{{update|date=July 2022}}

{{Infobox treaty

| name = Registration Convention

| long_name = Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space

| image = file:Registroconvenio.svg

| caption =

{{legend|#00aa00|ratified}}

{{legend|#ffff00|signed, but not yet ratified}}

| type =

| date_drafted =

| date_signed = 12 November 1974

| location_signed =New York City, New York, United States

| date_sealed =

| date_effective = 15 September 1976

| condition_effective = 5 ratifications

| signatories = 25

| parties = 77

| ratifiers =

| depositor = Secretary-General of the United Nations

| language =

| languages = Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

| wikisource =

| image_width =

| date_expiration =

}}

The Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (commonly known as the Registration Convention) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1974{{UN document |docid=A-RES-3235(XXIX) |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=29 |resolution_number=3235 |accessdate=2008-03-13|title=Convention on Registration of Objects Launched Into Outer Space|date=12 November 1974}}{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_29_3235.html|title=Resolution 3235 (XXIX) - Convention on Registration of Objects Launched Into Outer Space|publisher=UNOOSA|date=12 November 1974|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328222817/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_29_3235.html|archive-date=28 March 2008}} and went into force in 1976. As of February 2022, it has been ratified by 72 states.

The convention requires states to furnish to the United Nations with details about the orbit of each space object. A registry of launchings was already being maintained by the United Nations as a result of a General Assembly Resolution in 1962.{{UN document |docid=A-RES-1721(XVI) |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=16 |resolution_number=1721 |accessdate=2008-03-13|title=International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space|date=20 December 1962}}{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_16_1721.html|title=1721 (XVI) - International Cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space|date=20 December 1962|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212014710/http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_16_1721.html|archive-date=12 February 2008}}

The Registration Convention and four other space law treaties are administered by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.{{inconsistent}}

The European Space Agency, European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization, and the Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications have submitted declarations of acceptance of rights and obligations according to the convention.[http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/limited/c2/AC105_C2_2012_CRP03E.pdf Status of International Agreements relating to activities in outer space as at 1 January 2012]

Current status

The register is kept by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and includes{{cite web|url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SORegister/regist.html|title=Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space|publisher=UNOOSA|access-date=2009-04-06}}

Information on registered objects is available at the [http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SORegister/index.html UNOOSA site]

List of states parties

There are currently 72 states parties to the Convention.{{Cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIV-1&chapter=24&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en |title=Convention on registration of objects launched into outer space |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection |date=2022-02-11 |access-date=2022-02-11}}

class="wikitable sortable"
State party

! Signed

! Deposited

! Entered into force

{{Flag|Algeria}}

| —

| {{Dts|2007|March|9|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2007|March|9|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}

| —

| {{Dts|1988|December|13|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1988|December|13|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Argentina}}

| {{Dts|1975|March|26|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1993|May|5|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1993|May|5|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Armenia}}

| —

| {{Dts|2018|January|19|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2018|January|19|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Australia}}

| —

| {{Dts|1986|March|11|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1986|March|11|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Austria}}

| {{Dts|1975|October|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1980|March|6|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1980|March|6|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Bahrain}}

| —

| {{Dts|2021|July|6|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2021|July|6|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Belarus}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Belarus signed and ratified the Convention as the {{Flag|Byelorussian SSR}}, which was a republic within the Soviet Union. The current Belarusian state did not begin to exist until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991.}}

| {{Dts|1975|June|30|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|January|26|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|January|26|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Belgium}}

| {{Dts|1975|June|30|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|February|24|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|February|24

format=dmy}}
{{Flag|Brazil}}

| —

| {{Dts|2006|March|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2006|March|17|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Bulgaria}}

| {{Dts|1976|February|4|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|May|11|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Canada}}

| {{Dts|1975|February|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|August|4|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Chile}}

| —

| {{Dts|1981|September|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1981|September|17|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|China}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Hong Kong|On 30 March 1978, the United Kingdom declared that the Convention applied to all its territories, including Hong Kong, whose sovereignty was transferred to China on 1 July 1997. China filed a declaration that upon the transfer, the Convention would continue to apply to Hong Kong.}}

| —

| {{Dts|1981|September|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1981|September|17|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Colombia}}

| —

| {{Dts|2014|January|10|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2014|January|10|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Costa Rica}}

| —

| {{Dts|2010|October|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2010|October|14|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Cuba}}

| —

| {{Dts|1978|April|10|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|April|10|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Cyprus}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Cyprus and Turkey|Turkey filed a statement when it acceded to the Convention which implicitly stated that it did not intend for the Convention to be in force with Cyprus. Cyprus objected to the declaration on 21 June 2007 and stated that it would recognize the Convention as being in force with Turkey.}}

| —

| {{Dts|1978|July|6|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|July|6|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Czech Republic}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Czechoslovakia|{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}} signed the Convention on 5 April 1976 and ratified it on 26 July 1977, which was also the date it entered into force for Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 31 December 1992.}}

| —

| {{Dts|1993|February|22|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1993|February|22|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Denmark}}

| {{Dts|1975|December|12|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|April|1|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|April|1|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Djibouti}}

| —

| {{Dts|2022|July|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2022|July|14|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Finland}}

| —

| {{Dts|2018|January|15|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2018|January|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|France}}

| {{Dts|1975|January|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1975|December|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Germany}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|{{Flag|East Germany}} signed the Convention on 27 August 1975 and ratified it on 12 May 1977, which was also the date it entered into force for East Germany. East Germany was absorbed by West Germany (the current German state) on 3 October 1990.}}

| {{Dts|1976|March|2|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1979|October|16|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1979|October|16|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Greece}}

| —

| {{Dts|2003|May|27|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2003|May|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Hungary}}

| {{Dts|1975|October|13|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|October|26|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|October|26|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|India}}

| —

| {{Dts|1982|January|18|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1982|January|18|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Indonesia}}

| —

| {{Dts|1997|July|16|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1997|July|16|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Italy}}

| —

| {{Dts|2005|December|8|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2005|December|8|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Japan}}

| —

| {{Dts|1983|June|20|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1983|June|20|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}

| —

| {{Dts|2001|January|11|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2001|January|11|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Korea, North}}

| —

| {{Dts|2009|March|10|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2009|March|10|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Korea, South}}

| —

| {{Dts|1981|October|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1981|October|14|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Kuwait}}

| —

| {{Dts|2014|April|28|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2014|April|28|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Lebanon}}

| —

| {{Dts|2004|April|28|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2004|April|28|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Libya}}

| —

| {{Dts|2010|January|8|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2010|January|8|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Liechtenstein}}

| —

| {{Dts|1999|February|26|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1999|February|26|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Lithuania}}

| —

| {{Dts|2013|March|8|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2013|March|8|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Luxembourg}}

| —

| {{Dts|2021|January|27|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2021|January|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Mexico}}

| {{Dts|1975|December|19|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|March|1|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|March|1|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Mongolia}}

| {{Dts|1975|October|30|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1985|April|10|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1985|April|10|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Montenegro}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Yugoslavia|{{Flag|Yugoslavia}} acceded to the Convention on 24 February 1978, which was also the date it entered into force for Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia has since dissolved.}}

| —

| {{Dts|2006|October|23|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2006|October|23|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Morocco}}

| —

| {{Dts|2012|September|19|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2012|September|19|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}

| —

| {{Dts|1981|January|26|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1981|January|26|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|New Zealand}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|The Convention is not in force for Tokelau.}}

| —

| {{Dts|2018|January|23|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2018|January|23|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Nicaragua}}

| {{Dts|1975|May|13|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2017|July|11|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2017|July|11|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Niger}}

| {{Dts|1976|August|5|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|December|22|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|December|22|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Nigeria}}

| —

| {{Dts|2009|July|6|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2009|July|6|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Norway}}

| —

| {{Dts|1995|June|28|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1995|June|28|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Oman}}

| —

| {{Dts|2022|February|10|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2022|February|10|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Pakistan}}

| {{Dts|1975|December|1|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1986|February|27|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1986|February|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Paraguay}}

| —

| {{Dts|2023|January|19|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2023|January|19|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Peru}}

| —

| {{Dts|1979|March|21|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1979|March|21|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Poland}}

| {{Dts|1975|December|4|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|November|22|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|November|22|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Portugal}}

| —

| {{Dts|2018|November|2|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2018|November|2|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Qatar}}

| —

| {{Dts|2012|March|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2012|March|14|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Romania}}

| —

| {{Dts|2023|February|9|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2023|February|9|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Russia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Russia is the successor state to the {{Flag|Soviet Union}}}}

| {{Dts|1975|June|17|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|January|13|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|January|13|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}

| —

| {{Dts|2012|July|18|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2012|July|18|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Serbia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Yugoslavia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Serbia is the successor state to {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}.}}

| —

| {{Dts|2001|March|12|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2001|March|12|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Seychelles}}

| —

| {{Dts|1977|December|28|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|December|28|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Slovakia}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Czechoslovakia}}

| —

| {{Dts|1993|May|28|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1993|May|28|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Slovenia}}

| —

| {{Dts|2019|February|20|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2019|February|20|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|South Africa}}

| —

| {{Dts|2012|January|27|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2012|January|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Spain}}

| —

| {{Dts|1978|December|20|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|December|20|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}

| —

| {{Dts|1999|April|27|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1999|April|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Sweden}}

| {{Dts|1976|June|9|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|June|9|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Switzerland}}

| {{Dts|1975|April|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|February|15|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|February|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Turkey}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Cyprus and Turkey}}

| —

| {{Dts|2006|June|21|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2006|June|21|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Ukraine}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|Ukraine signed and ratified the Convention as the {{Flag|Ukrainian SSR}}, which was a republic within the Soviet Union. The current Ukrainian state did not begin to exist until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991.}}

| {{Dts|1975|July|11|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|September|14|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|September|14|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}

| —

| {{Dts|2000|November|7|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2000|November|7|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|United Kingdom}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|name=Hong Kong}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|On 30 March 1978, the United Kingdom declared that the Convention applied to all its territories, including Antigua and Barbuda, Brunei, Dominica, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Solomon Islands, which, except for Anguilla, have all since become sovereign states.}}

| {{Dts|1975|May|6|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|March|30|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1978|March|30|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|United States}}

| {{Dts|1975|January|24|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1976|September|15|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Uruguay}}

| —

| {{Dts|1977|August|18|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|1977|August|18|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Venezuela}}

| —

| {{Dts|2016|November|3|format=dmy}}

| {{Dts|2016|November|3|format=dmy}}

= Signatories that are not parties =

There are three states which have signed, but not ratified, the Convention.

class="wikitable sortable"
State

! Signed

{{Flag|Burundi}}

| {{Dts|1975|November|13|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Iran}}

| {{Dts|1975|May|27|format=dmy}}

{{Flag|Singapore}}

| {{Dts|1976|August|31|format=dmy}}

= Organizations accepting the rights and obligations =

Several intergovernmental organizations, which cannot be party to the Convention, have nonetheless notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted the rights and obligations of the Convention.

class="wikitable sortable"
Organization

! Notified

European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites

| {{Dts|1997|July|10|format=dmy}}

European Space Agency

| {{Dts|1979|January|2|format=dmy}}

European Telecommunications Satellite Organization

| {{Dts|2014|June|10|format=dmy}}

Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications

| {{Dts|2018|July|10|format=dmy}}

Proposals

A General Assembly resolution from December 2007 that was accepted by consensus recommended that the data should be extended to include:{{UN document |docid=A-RES-62-101 |type=Resolution |body=General Assembly |session=62 |resolution_number=101 |date =17 December 2007 |highlight=rect_183,148_840,655 |page=3 |accessdate=2008-03-13}}

  • Coordinated Universal Time as the time reference for the date of launch;
  • Kilometres, minutes and degrees as the standard units for basic orbital parameters;
  • Any useful information relating to the function of the space object in addition to the general function requested by the Registration Convention
  • The geostationary orbit location, if appropriate
  • Any change of status in operations (e.g., when a space object is no longer functional)
  • The approximate date of decay or re-entry
  • The date and physical conditions of moving a space object to a disposal orbit
  • Web links to official information on space objects

Background

For many years, concern has existed surrounding the growing number of dead or inactive satellites in space. These litter the part of space near geostationary orbit and pose a major threat, as any collision would produce serious damage or loss of satellites.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/feb/24/spaceexplorationspacejunk|title=Warning of catastrophe from mass of 'space junk' - 'Failure to act would be folly,' says report to UN|publisher=The Observer|date=24 February 2008 | location=London | first=Robin | last=McKie | access-date=22 May 2010}} As of 2021, there are nearly 12,000 objects registered in the UNOOSA Online Index of Objects Launched into Outer Space.{{Cite web|title=Search OSOidx|url=https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/osoindex/search-ng.jspx?lf_id=|access-date=2021-11-30|website=www.unoosa.org}}

Notes

{{Notelist|group=upper-alpha|close}}

References

External links

  • [http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/SORegister/regist.html UNOOSA webpage for the Convention]
  • [https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXIV-1&chapter=24&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en Chapter XXIV OUTER SPACE 1. Convention on registration of objects launched into outer space] at the Depositary of the United Nations Treaty Collection

{{Politics of outer space}}

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