Repulsive guidance molecule A

RGMa is a repulsive guidance molecule for retinal axons.{{cite journal |vauthors=Monnier PP, Sierra A, Macchi P, Deitinghoff L, Andersen JS, Mann M, Flad M, Hornberger MR, Stahl B, Bonhoeffer F, Mueller BK | title = RGM is a repulsive guidance molecule for retinal axons | journal = Nature | volume = 419 | issue = 6905 | pages = 392–5 |date=September 2002 | pmid = 12353034 | doi = 10.1038/nature01041 | bibcode = 2002Natur.419..392M | s2cid = 3234138 }} Furthermore, neogenin functions as a receptor for RGM.{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajagopalan S, Deitinghoff L, Davis D, Conrad S, Skutella T, Chedotal A, Mueller BK, Strittmatter SM | title = Neogenin mediates the action of repulsive guidance molecule | journal = Nat. Cell Biol. | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = 756–62 |date=August 2004 | pmid = 15258590 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1156 | s2cid = 23448687 }} Neogenin overexpression and RGM downexpression in the developing embryonic neural tube induces apoptosis. The apoptotic activity of neogenin in the neural tube is associated with cleavage of its cytoplasmic domain by caspases.{{cite journal |vauthors=Matsunaga E, Tauszig-Delamasure S, Monnier PP, Mueller BK, Strittmatter SM, Mehlen P, Chédotal A | title = RGM and its receptor neogenin regulate neuronal survival | journal = Nat. Cell Biol. | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = 749–55 |date=August 2004 | pmid = 15258591 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1157 | s2cid = 15433313 }}

RGMA belongs to a family of repulsive guidance molecules that are (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-linked cell-membrane-associated proteins. The three proteins, RGMa (this protein), RGMb and RGMc are 40-50% identical to each other, and share similarities in predicted protein domains and overall structure. All three RGM proteins appear capable of binding selected BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins).{{cite journal |vauthors=Severyn CJ, Shinde U, Rotwein P | title = Molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry of the repulsive guidance molecule family | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 422 | issue = 3 | pages = 393–403 |date=September 2009 | pmid = 19698085 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20090978 | pmc = 4242795 }}

RGMs may play inhibitory roles in prostate cancer by suppressing cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion. RGMs can coordinate Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signalling of BMPs in prostate cancer and breast cancer cells.{{cite journal |vauthors=Li J, Ye L, Sanders AJ, Jiang WG | title = Repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) plays negative roles in breast cancer by coordinating BMP signaling | journal = J Cell Biochem | volume = 113| issue = 7| pages = 2523–31|date=March 2012 | pmid = 22415859 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.24128 | s2cid = 35629616 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Li J, Ye L, Kynaston HG, Jiang WG | title = Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors, are key regulators of the growth and aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells | journal = Int. J. Oncol. | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 544–50 |date=February 2012 | pmid = 22076499 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.2011.1251 | doi-access = free }} RGMa is also pointed as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via neogenin receptor.{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-021-00555-9|doi=10.1007/s11626-021-00555-9|title=RGMa can induce skeletal muscle cell hyperplasia via association with neogenin signalling pathway|year=2021|last1=Do Carmo Costa|first1=Alinne|last2=Copola|first2=Aline Gonçalves Lio|last3=Carvalho e Souza|first3=Clara|last4=Nogueira|first4=Júlia Meireles|last5=Silva|first5=Gerluza Aparecida Borges|last6=Jorge|first6=Erika Cristina|journal=In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal|volume=57|issue=4|pages=415–427|pmid=33748906|s2cid=232311370|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1159/000433491|doi=10.1159/000433491|title=Repulsive Guidance Molecules a, b and c Are Skeletal Muscle Proteins, and Repulsive Guidance Molecule a Promotes Cellular Hypertrophy and is Necessary for Myotube Fusion|year=2014|last1=Martins|first1=Aline Fagundes|last2=Xavier Neto|first2=José|last3=Azambuja|first3=Ana|last4=Sereno|first4=Maria Lorena|last5=Figueira|first5=Antonio|last6=Campos-Junior|first6=Paulo Henrique|last7=Rosário|first7=Millor Fernandes|last8=Toledo|first8=Cristiane Bittencourt Barroso|last9=Silva|first9=Gerluza Aparecida Borges|last10=Kitten|first10=Gregory Thomas|last11=Coutinho|first11=Luiz Lehmann|last12=Dietrich|first12=Susanne|last13=Jorge|first13=Erika Cristina|journal=Cells Tissues Organs|volume=200|issue=5|pages=326–338|pmid=26397945|s2cid=9469435}}{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1002/dvdy.23889|title = RGMaandRGMbexpression pattern during chicken development suggest unexpected roles for these repulsive guidance molecules in notochord formation, somitogenesis, and myogenesis|year = 2012|last1 = Jorge|first1 = Erika Cristina|last2 = Ahmed|first2 = Mohi U.|last3 = Bothe|first3 = Ingo|last4 = Coutinho|first4 = Luiz Lehmman|last5 = Dietrich|first5 = Susanne|journal = Developmental Dynamics|volume = 241|issue = 12|pages = 1886–1900|pmid = 23073896|s2cid = 16006086|doi-access = free}}

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Category:Genes on human chromosome 15

Category:Receptors