Research fellow

{{Main|Academic ranks in India}}

In India, the position of research fellowship is provided to scholars from various streams like science, arts, literature, management and others. Research fellowships are funded by government academics, research institutes, and private companies. Research fellows research under the supervision of experienced faculty, professor, head of department, and Dean on two different posts known as Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and senior research fellow (SRF). Research organisations like ICAR, CSIR, UGC, ICMR recruit research fellows through National Eligibility Test. After the completion of pre-defined tenure, JRF can be considered for a senior research fellowship based on the research fellow's performance and/or interview conducted by the committee of the research institute.

{{Main|Academic ranks in Russia}}

In the Russian Federation, the position and title research fellow is unknown; however, there is a broadly similar position of ({{langx|ru|Научный сотрудник|italic=yes|links=no}}, {{literal translation|scientific worker}}). This position normally requires a degree of Candidate of Sciences approximately corresponding to the PhD. More senior positions normally require, in addition to the aforementioned degree, a track record of publications or certified inventions, as well as practical contributions to major research and development projects.{{cite web|url=http://www.aup.ru/docs/d2/210.htm|title=Квалификационный справочник: Ведущий научный сотрудник|trans-title=Qualification Requirements for Positions of Managers, Specialists and other Employees|language=ru|website=aup.ru

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401114149/http://www.aup.ru/docs/d2/210.htm|archive-date=2010-04-01|url-status=live|access-date=2010-05-29 }}

{{Main|Academic ranks in South Africa}}

Research fellows in South Africa are considered an asset to research organisations and universities. There are highly ranked universities such as University of the Witwatersrand, University of Stellenbosch Business School, and Rhodes University which offer fellowships to South African nationals in certain fields of research.[http://www.usb.ac.za/Pages/Visiting-research-fellowships.aspx "Research Fellowship in South Africa"]

{{Main|Academic ranks in the United Kingdom}}

In the United Kingdom a research fellow is a broad category, used to indicate a scholar on a research-oriented professional development track. In many universities a research fellow is a career grade of a Research Career Pathway, following on from a postdoctoral position such as research associate, and may be open-ended, subject to normal probation regulations. For some universities, research career grades roughly correspond to the grades of the academic pathway in the following way: research fellow (a lower or same grade as a lecturer),{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/policies-advice/academic-careers-framework-and-promotions-processes/academic-promotions-guidance |title=Academic Promotions University College London |date=25 September 2017 | publisher=ucl.ac.uk | access-date=2019-01-11}} principal research fellow—reader, whereas senior research fellow is somewhere between a lecturer and senior lecturer or associate professor.{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/policies-advice/academic-careers-framework-and-promotions-processes/academic-promotions-guidance |title=Academic Promotions University College London |date=25 September 2017 | publisher=ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2019-01-11}} Some universities such as Cambridge restricts Professorial grades only to academics who have excelled in both teaching and research.{{cite web|url=https://www.hr.admin.cam.ac.uk/hr-staff/information-staff/staff-guide/terms-employment/promotion |title=Promotion levels at Cambridge University|date=30 June 2014 |publisher=hr.admin.cam.ac.uk |access-date=2019-01-11}} Outside of faculty appointments, the title of "Research Fellow" or "Senior Research Fellows" can be also used as honorary or temporary awarded "fellowships" to distinguished academics by research institutes or colleges, usually from different institutions.{{cite web|url=http://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/categories-fellowship |title=All Souls College Oxford: Categories of Fellowship|publisher=asc.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2018-07-29}}

At University College, Oxford, Professorial Fellows are the holders of Statutory Chairs, the most senior professorships at Oxford: they are members of the College's Governing Body.{{cite web |title=College Fellowship |url=https://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/about/college-fellowships/ |website=University College Oxford}}

Senior Research Fellowships (SRFs) are awarded to researchers with "academic standing comparable to that of a distinguished research professorship at a major university."{{cite web |title=TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS |url=https://fundit.fr/en/calls/trinity-college-cambridge-senior-research-fellowships |website=FundIt}} They recognize scholars with distinguished research records and publications.{{cite web |title=Master & Fellows |url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/fellows/master-fellows/ |website=Trinity College Cambridge}} This position originated in the 15th century as a way of allowing scholars time and funding to pursue independent research without having teaching duties.{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=William |title=Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, IL |page=146}}

As with the professorial fellows, senior research fellows are research-only posts, with the rise of the career grade there will normally be a formal requirement of a moderate amount of teaching and/or supervision (often at postgraduate level). At All Souls College, Oxford, senior research fellows are 7-year long positions that are equivalent to a tenured position in the United States.{{cite web |title=Senior Research Fellowships |url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/senior-research-fellowships |website=All Souls College, Oxford}} This position is equivalent to a full professorship.{{cite web |title=Not one of them |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/not-one-of-them/99570.article |website=Times Higher Education}}

{{Main|Junior Research Fellowships}}

• Fellow
• Lecturer
• List of academic ranks
• Research assistant
• Research associate

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{{Academic positions}}

{{Authority control}}

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Category:Academic administration

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