Retirement age
{{Short description|Age at which a person to retire}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Full citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{update|date=April 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
This article lists the statutory retirement age in different countries. In some contexts, the retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work. It is usually the age at which such a person may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension.
History and establishment
{{Main|History of retirement}}
The first recorded use of a state pension was established in the Roman Empire in 13 BC by Augustus for military veterans who had served for at least 16 years in a legion and four years in the reserves. This was later increased to 20 years in a legion and five years in the reserves.Clark, R. L., Craig, L. A., & Wilson, J. W. (n.d.). A History of Public Sector Pensions in the United States. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4011: University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved from https://pensionresearchcouncil.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/0-8122-3714-5-3.pdf
The first retirement age was set in Germany by Otto von Bismarck in 1881, originally at 70, before being reduced to 65 in 1916.{{cite web |last1=Social Security Administration |title=Otto von Bismarck |url=https://www.ssa.gov/history/ottob.html |website=Social Security History |access-date=12 September 2022}} Following this, more countries began to adopt an official retirement age, such as Britain with the passage of the Old Age Pensions Act 1908, which set the initial retirement age at 70 before it was reduced to 65 for men and 60 for women with the passage of the National Insurance Act 1946.
The United States adopted an initial retirement age of 65, under the bill of the Social Security Act of 1935.{{cite web |last1=Costa |first1=Dora |title=The Evolution of Retirement |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c6108/c6108.pdf |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=National Bureau of Economic Research |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=17}} By the mid-20th century, almost all countries had adopted a retirement age.
Arguments
Policymakers usually consider the demography, fiscal cost of aging, health, life expectancy, nature of the profession, supply of labor force, and more, while taking the retirement age into account.{{cite web|url=http://www.cppr.in/archives/setting-an-ideal-retirement-age/|title=Setting an Ideal Retirement Age!|work=Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407060852/http://www.cppr.in/archives/setting-an-ideal-retirement-age/|archive-date=7 April 2015|date=30 March 2015}} The increase in life expectancy is used in some jurisdictions as an argument to increase the age of retirement in the 21st century.{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40057117 | title='Keep working until you're 70'| work=BBC News| date=26 May 2017| last1=Johnston| first1=Chris}}{{Cite web | url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/06/12/news/economy/retirement-age/index.htm |title = Retirement age must rise - OECD}}
Arguments for lower retirement age for parents include unpaid work of parental care. Some countries are equalizing the retirement ages between women and men.{{cite journal | last=Top | first=Dan Cristian | last2=Savu | first2=Lavinia | title=Considerations Regarding the Equalization of the Retirement Age for Men and Women at 65 Years | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2014 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.2423443 | page=}}
The expected years in retirement was 22.8 years for women and 18.4 years for men on average in OECD in 2022, contributed by sex differences in life expectancy.{{cite | title=Society at a Glance 2024: OECD Social Indicators, Expected years after labour market exit | publisher=OECD | date=20 June 2024 | doi=10.1787/bb2c49e5-en | doi-access=free | page=}}
Reforms
Reforms tend to be phased in slowly when the retirement age (or pension age) is increased with grandfathering, ensuring a gradual change. One of such examples of grandfathering is the transitional pension rules, which were applied for staff aged 54 years or older, and to some extent, for all staff in place, when in 2014, the retirement age of European civil servants was increased to 66 years of age.{{cite web|author=Irene Souka|url=http://www.u4unity.eu/document2/SR_HR20130712.pdf#page=12|title=Review of the Staff Regulations|date=July 2013|format=PDF|page=12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219020815/http://www.u4unity.eu/document2/SR_HR20130712.pdf#page=12|archive-date=19 December 2014}}
In contrast, when the age of retirement is decreased, changes are often brought about rapidly.{{cite book|author=Catherine Blair|title=Securing Pension Provision: The Challenge of Reforming the Age of Entitlement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvc7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|date=8 August 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-45397-6|page=107|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014926/https://books.google.com/books?id=hvc7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|archive-date=6 May 2016}}
Retirement age by country and region
Many of the countries listed in the table below are in the process of reforming retirement ages. The current trend in many countries is that the retirement age will increase gradually.
Many European Union member states apply a retirement age of 65 years in the 2020s. This is to be increased to 67 years in most countries by 2030.
In some countries, one's year of birth determines their age of retirement. For example, in the United States as of 2024, while a person born before 1955 can retire with social security benefits at the age of 66, those born after 1959 must be 67. Each year between 1955 and 1959 adds 2 months. Many countries in Europe follow the same type of criteria, with one's age of retirement determined by their birth year, for example in Romania, women born in 1955 had their retirement age in 2015 set at age 60 whereas those born in 1958 could retire in 2019 at age 61 and those born in 1961 can retire in January 2023 at age 62.{{cite web|url=http://www.cjpensiiarad.ro/pensii6.php|title=Casa Judeteana de Pensii Arad|publisher=cjpensiiarad.ro|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805074556/http://www.cjpensiiarad.ro/pensii6.php|archive-date=5 August 2016}}
The average of statutory retirement age in the 34 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2014 was males 65 years and females 63.5 years, but the tendency all over the world is to increase the retirement age.{{cite web | first = John | last = Scott | url = http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | title = Aging Australians Balk at World's Oldest Retirement Age | date = 25 June 2014 | publisher = BeritaSatu Media Holdings | location = Jakarta | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140912153533/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/aging-australians-balk-worlds-oldest-retirement-age/ | archive-date = 12 September 2014 }} This is also reflected by the findings that just over half the Asian investors surveyed region-wide said they agreed with raising the retirement age, with a quarter disagreeing and the remainder undecided.{{cite web | url = http://www.manulife.com/public/news/detail/0,,lang=en&artId=147865&navId=630002,00.html | title = Asians Want To See Official Retirement Ages Rise – Manulife Survey | publisher = The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company | location = Hong Kong | date = 22 May 2014 | access-date = 10 March 2015}}
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Retirement age |
| style="background:silver"
!width="100"|Country !width="55"|Men !width="55"|Women !Year !class="unsortable"|Notes !class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref|References}} |
| {{flag|Albania}}
|65 |61 years 8 months |2024 |Men: gradually rising by 1 month a year from 2033 onwards from 65 years to 67 years by 2056. Women: gradually rising by 2 months a year from 2021 onwards from 61 years to 67 years by 2056. |
| {{flag|Argentina}}
|65 |60 |2024 | |
| {{flag|Armenia}}
|colspan="2"|63 |2024 | |
| {{flag|Australia}}
|colspan="2"|67 |2024 |In Australia the retirement age was increased to 67 years in July 2023. |
| {{flag|Austria}}
|65 |60.5 |2024 |Women: gradually rising by 6 months per year from 2024 onwards from 60 years to 65 years by 2033. |{{cite web|url=https://www.etk.fi/en/work-and-pensions-abroad/international-comparisons/retirement-ages/|title=Retirement Ages |publisher=Finnish Centre for Pensions |access-date=2024-06-08}}2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008–2060). Joint Report prepared by the European Commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic Policy Committee (AWG), {{Cite web| url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf | title=2009 Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008-2060) | access-date=2011-12-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020001412/http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication14992_en.pdf | archive-date=20 October 2011}}, p. 78. |
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|65 |63.5 |2024 |Men: 65 from 2021 onwards. Women: gradually rising by 6 months per year from 2017 onwards from 60 to 65 years by 2027. {{Cite web|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijan-increases-retirement-age-to-65-years.html|title=Azerbaijan increases retirement age to 65 years {{!}} Vestnik Kavkaza|website=vestnikkavkaza.net|language=en-EN|access-date=2018-10-25}} |
| {{flag|Belarus}}
|63 |58 |2024 | |
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
|colspan="2"|59 |2024 | |
| {{flag|Belgium}}
|colspan="2"|65-67 |2024 |The legal retirement age (the age at which one can retire, regardless of career length) in Belgium is 65 in 2019. In 2025 it will be 66 and in 2030 it will be 67, both for women and men. Early retirement is possible from 60 onwards with a career of at least 44 years, from 61 onwards with at least 43 years, or from 63 onwards with a career of at least 42 years. Some exceptions exist, mainly in the required number of years. A career year is considered if it contains at least 104 days (in full time equivalent). |{{cite web |title=Wanneer kan ik met pensioen gaan? |url=https://www.sfpd.fgov.be/nl/pensioenleeftijd/wanneer |website=Federale Pensioendienst}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/04/29/de-wettelijke-en-effectieve-pensioenleeftijd-in-cijfers/|title=67, 68 of toch weer 65? Hoe we bekvechten over een pensioenleeftijd die we nog lang niet halen |date=May 2019 }} |
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2024 | |
| {{flag|Brazil}}
|65 |62 |2024 |Certain individuals, such as rural workers, teachers and police officers, have a lower minimum age. Brazil also requires workers to have contributed to social security for a minimum amount of time before they become eligible to claim benefits. To start receiving partial benefits, all private-sector workers are required have contributed for at least 20 years (for men) or 15 years (for women). Public-sector workers are required to have contributed for at least 25 years. To receive full benefits all workers must have contributed for at least 40 years (for men) or 35 years (for women). |
| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2024 | |{{cite news|url=http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|title=Retirement Age At 65 To Be Enforced In Public & Private Sectors|newspaper=Island Sun|date=17 April 2017|access-date=30 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930181010/http://www.islandsun.com/retirement-age-65-enforced-public-private-sectors/|archive-date=30 September 2017}} |
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
|64 years 7 months |62 years 1 month |2024 |In Bulgaria the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 65 years by 2029 for men and by 2037 for women. |{{cite web|url=http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|title=Пенсии за осигурителен стаж и възраст|website=www.noi.bg|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201437/http://www.noi.bg/en/pensions/grantpensions/1854-posv13|archive-date=31 January 2018}}{{Cite web |url=https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/WydBAS.nsf/0/D8FD27CD446CB5DDC12573E800318FA1/$file/infos_027.pdf |access-date=2025-06-13 |website=orka.sejm.gov.pl}} |
| {{flag|Cameroon}}
|colspan="2"|60 |2024 |Since 2023 the retirement age is 60 years for all. |
| {{flag|Canada}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2024 |The standard age to start the pension is 65. However, you can start receiving it as early as age 60 or as late as age 70. If you start receiving your pension earlier, the monthly amount you’ll receive will be smaller. If you decide to start later, you’ll receive a larger monthly amount. There’s no benefit to wait after age 70 to start receiving the pension. The maximum monthly amount you can receive is reached when you turn 70. If you start before age 65, payments will decrease by 0.6% each month (or by 7.2% per year), up to a maximum reduction of 36% if you start at age 60. If you start after age 65, payments will increase by 0.7% each month (or by 8.4% per year), up to a maximum increase of 42% if you start at age 70 (or after). |
| {{flag|Chile}}
|65 |60 | | |
| {{flag|China}}
|63 |55–58 |2024 |The new retirement age was announced on 13 September 2024 and is now 63 for men, 58 for female civil servants and 55 for female workers. It took effect on 1 January 2025. Previously, the retirement age was 60 for men, 55 for female civil servants, and 50 for female workers.{{cite web|url=http://www.cecc.gov/resources/legal-provisions/state-council-circular-on-issuing-state-council-temporary-measures-on|title=State Council Circular on Issuing "State Council Temporary Measures on Providing for Old, Weak, Sick, and Handicapped Cadres" and "State Council Temporary Measures on Workers' Retirement, Resignation" (Chinese Text)|date=11 July 2006 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315094022/http://www.cecc.gov/resources/legal-provisions/state-council-circular-on-issuing-state-council-temporary-measures-on|archive-date=15 March 2016}} The 2024 change marked the first increase of the retirement age since the 1950s.{{cite web |title=我国将启动延迟退休改革_中国人大网 |url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/kgfb/202409/t20240913_439541.html |website=www.npc.gov.cn |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=13 September 2024}} The retirement age will apply to men born in and after 1965, female civil servants born in and after 1970 and female workers born in or after 1975. The retirement age increase is based on the individual’s year and month of birth, as it increases by 1 month for every 4-month-block months of birth for males and female civil servants and 1 month for every 2-month-block for female workers until 2040. It is expected to be fully phased in for male workers born in September 1976, female civil servants born in September 1981 and female workers born in November 1984. The New regulation also stipulates that those affected by the change may voluntarily reduce their retirement age by up to 3 years if they have made the minimum length of pension payments, or delay their retirements by up to 3 years if permitted by the employer. The minimum pension payment period will also be increased from 15 years to 20 from 2030.{{cite web |title=新华视点·延迟退休改革丨延迟多久、如何实施——解读延迟退休改革文件-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/politics/20240913/fb547fc824734641a53b3ee5d73a123b/c.html |website=www.news.cn |access-date=13 September 2024 |date=13 September 2024}}{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|title=Retirement age will be pushed back|work=china.org.cn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502000523/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-03/22/content_22190715.htm|archive-date=2 May 2012}} |
| {{flag|Colombia}}
|62 |57 |2024 |The reform, which will be in force from July 2025, kept the retirement age at 62 for men when they have made contributions for 1,300 weeks of work and 57 for women, though it reduced the number of weeks for women to 1,000. Women can discount 50 weeks of pension contributions from their required amount for each child, for up to three children, under the terms of the reform. |{{cite web|url=http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|title=Pensiones - Colpensiones|work=mintrabajo.gov.co|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303023941/http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/preguntas-frecuentes/pensiones/colpensiones.html|archive-date=3 March 2014}}{{Cite web |title=Colombia lawmakers approve pension reform in victory for Petro |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombia-lawmakers-approve-pension-reform-victory-petro-2024-06-15/ |access-date=2024-10-10}} |
| {{flag|Croatia}}
|65 |63 years 6 months |2024 |Men: 65. Women: gradually rising by 3 months per year to 65 years by 2030. |{{cite web|url=https://www.zakon.hr/z/91/Zakon-o-mirovinskom-osiguranju|title=Zakon o mirovinskom osiguranju [Pension Insurance Act, unofficial website]|website=www.zakon.hr|access-date=11 October 2021}}{{Cite web |date=2020-06-20 |title=Croatia's Pension & Retirement System - Expat In Croatia |url=https://www.expatincroatia.com/croatia-pension-system/#:~:text=in%20this%20post.-,Mirovinski%20sta%C5%BE,and%20a%20few%20other%20factors |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}} |
| {{flag|Cuba}}
|65 |60 |2024 |Age 65 (men) or age 60 (women) with at least 30 years of employment; age 60 (men) or age 55 (women) if 75% of the insured's total employment history or the 15 years of employment immediately before retirement involved arduous or dangerous work. |
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2024 |The pensionable age is 65. It is possible to receive a pension at the age of 63 under certain conditions. Miners can receive a pension at the age of 63 provided they have worked in a mine for at least 3 years; and they are entitled to a one-month reduction in the retirement age for every 5-month period they worked in a mine on condition that they are no longer engaged in that activity. They may not, however, retire before the age of 58. Cypriot legislation does not provide for early retirement in other cases. |{{Cite web |title=Cyprus - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1105&langId=en&intPageId=5007 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=ec.europa.eu}} |
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
|colspan="2"|64 years 2 months |2024 |By 2030 the retirement age will be 65. For women, having children reduce the retirement age depending on number of children; from 2037 the retirement age will be 65 for all, regardless of number of children. |{{Cite web |title=Důchodová kalkulačka, věk odchodu |url=https://www.duchody-duchodci.cz/duchodovy-vek.php |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.duchody-duchodci.cz}} |
| {{flag|Denmark}}
|colspan="2"|67 |2024 |{{See also|Pensions in Denmark}} From 2030 onwards, retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. From 2040 to 2045 the state retirement age was set to 70. |{{cite web|url=https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|title=Adjust your savings to match your retirement expectations|publisher=english.pfa.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817112231/https://english.pfa.dk/news-archive/2015/06/18/08/14/1/|archive-date=17 August 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|title=Denmark has world's best pension system - The Local|publisher=thelocal.dk|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616083434/http://www.thelocal.dk/20141013/denmark-has-worlds-best-pension-system-study|archive-date=16 June 2016}}{{cite web | title=Forhøjelse af folkepensionsalderen i 2040 sikrer velfærden | website=Beskæftigelsesministeriet | date=22 May 2025 | url=https://bm.dk/nyheder/pressemeddelelser/2025/05/forhoejelse-af-folkepensionsalderen-i-2040-sikrer-velfaerden | language=da | access-date=25 May 2025}} |
| {{flag|Egypt}}
|colspan="2"|60 |2015 | | |
| {{flag|Estonia}}
|colspan="2"|64 years 9 months |2024 |By 2027, retirement age will be linked to the average life expectancy. Having children may reduce the retirement age by 3–5 years. |
| {{flag|Finland}}
|colspan="2"|64.5–69 |2024 |Flexible retirement age: 64–69 years, national pension 65 years. In 2030, the retirement age will be linked to life expectancy. |
| {{flag|France}}
|colspan="2"|62–67 |2018 |{{See also|Pensions in France}} The minimal retirement age has gradually increased from 60 to 62 years by 2018. |
| {{flag|Georgia (country)|name=Georgia}}
|65 |60 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Germany}}
|colspan="2"|63–67 |2021 |{{See also|Pensions in Germany}} In Germany the retirement age is being increased gradually and will reach 67 by 2031. It is possible to retire as early as 63, however with pension reductions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/DRV/DE/Rente/Kurz-vor-der-Rente/Wann-kann-ich-in-Rente-gehen/Wann-kann-ich-in-Rente-gehen_detailseite.html|title=Wann kann ich in Rente gehen?|date=22 April 2024|website=Deutsche Rentenversicherung}} |
| {{flag|Greece}}
|colspan="2"|67 |2021 | |
| {{flag|Hong Kong}}
|colspan="2"|60–65 |2017 |Retirement age 65. Early retirement possible between the ages of 60 and 64. Some disciplined services staff of the government have lower retirement age.{{Cite web|url=https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/retirement/183.html|title=Civil Service Bureau - Retirement|website=www.csb.gov.hk}} |{{cite web |title=Retirement Planning and Tips - GovHK|url=https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/employment/mpf/employees/planandtips.htm |website=GovHK |access-date=23 September 2021}}{{cite web |title=Commonly asked questions on retirement benefits |url=https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/admin/retirement/2541.html |website=Civil Service Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR |access-date=23 September 2021}}{{cite web |title=Cap. 57 Employment Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap57 |website=elegislation.gov.hk |access-date=23 September 2021}} |
| {{flag|Hungary}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2021 |The age was 63 in 2018, but was raised to 65 by 2022. Women with 40 years of insurance can retire at any age.{{cite web|url=https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/hungary/money/social-security/state-pensions|title=Regions - SmartExpat|website=www.angloinfo.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213143206/https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/hungary/money/social-security/state-pensions|archive-date=13 December 2017}} |
| {{flag|Iceland}}
|colspan="2"|67 |2007 | |
| {{flag|India}}
|colspan="2"|60–65 |2014 |In the public sector, the retirement age is 60, 62 in Indian Railways, 62 for the chiefs of army/navy/air force staff (or 3 years of service whichever is earlier), 62 for high court judges, 65 for the chief of defence staff (or 3 years of service whichever is earlier), and 65 for supreme Court judges.{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=Govt may increase retirement age |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2023/state-editions/govt-may-increase-retirement-age.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}} while in the private sector it depends on the individual company and the maximum being 65. |
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
|colspan="2"|58 |2022 |In Indonesia, provisions relating to pensions are regulated in Government Regulation Number 45 of 2015 Article 15 concerning the Implementation of the Pension Guarantee Program, in PP 45/2015 the following matters are regulated: For the first time the Retirement Age is set at 56 (fifty six years). Starting January 1, 2019, the retirement age as referred to in paragraph (1) will be 57 (fifty seven) years. The Retirement Age as referred to in paragraph (2) is further increased by 1 (one) year for every subsequent 3 (three) years until it reaches the Retirement Age of 65 (sixty five) years. By referring to the regulation, the retirement age limit in Indonesia is 58 years in 2022 and will reach the maximum retirement age limit, which is 65 years in 2043. |
| {{flag|Iran}}
|60 |55 |2018 | | |
| {{flag|Iraq}}
|colspan="2" |60 |2019 | |
| {{flag|Ireland}}
|colspan="2"|66 |2021 |In Ireland the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028. |
| {{flag|Israel}}
|67 |65 |2022 |In Israel the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 65 by 2032.{{Cite news|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-retirement-age-for-women-in-israel-to-rise-to-65-1001377906|title=Retirement age for women in Israel to rise to 65|newspaper=Globes|date=7 December 2021 }} |
| {{flag|Italy}}
|colspan="2"|62–67 |2021 |Must have paid contributions for at least 20 years (At 67 years and 3 months). |
| {{flag|Japan}}
|64 |62 |2022 |{{See also|Pensions in Japan|Elderly people in Japan}} While the government is at it with early retirement prevention, the age is expected to increase gradually to 65 years of age by 2025.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/japan-retirement-pension-elderly-work-employment-age-a6909166.html|title= Japan's elderly keep working well past retirement age|website= Independent.co.uk|date= 3 March 2016}} |[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf#page=22 The Point Of The Pension Plan]. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Pension Bureau. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323073026/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/org/policy/dl/p36-37_1.pdf|date=23 March 2011}} |
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|63 |58 |2015 |From 2017 the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 63 years in 2027{{cite web |url=http://egov.kz/wps/portal/!ut/p/b0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjc7PyChKtUvKTS3NT80r0w_Wj9KNgPM8U_cgoQ2MDEDA0MAVJ5STmpZcmpqfqRxaV6hfk5lqUOyoqAgDuJERZ/ |title=Egov.kz |access-date=2016-10-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218031239/http://egov.kz/wps/portal/!ut/p/b0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjc7PyChKtUvKTS3NT80r0w_Wj9KNgPM8U_cgoQ2MDEDA0MAVJ5STmpZcmpqfqRxaV6hfk5lqUOyoqAgDuJERZ |archive-date=18 December 2016 }} | |
| Kosovo
|65 |65 |2014 | |
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|63 |58 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| colspan="2" |64 |2021 |
| {{flag|Libya}}
|65 |60 |2017 | |
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}
| colspan="2" |64 |2007 | |
| {{flag|Lithuania}}
|64 years 8 months |64 years 4 months |2024 |In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026. |{{cite news | first = Milda | last = Seputyte | title = Lithuania Raises Retirement Age to 65 to Help Narrow Budget Gap | newspaper = Bloomberg | location = Vilnius | publisher = Bloomberg L.P. | date = 9 June 2011 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | access-date = 11 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153218/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-09/lithuania-raises-retirement-age-to-65-to-help-narrow-budget-gap | archive-date = 2 April 2015 }} |
| {{flag|Luxembourg}}
| colspan="2" |65 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| colspan="2" |60 |2013 |In Malaysia, The Congress of Unions of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (Cuepacs) wants the government to consider extending the retirement age for civil servants from 60 to 62,{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/cuepacs-wants-government-to-consider-retirement-age-from-60-to-62-bernama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092010/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/cuepacs-wants-government-to-consider-retirement-age-from-60-to-62-bernama |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead |title=Cuepacs wants government to consider retirement age from 60 to 62 – Bernama - The Malaysian Insider|access-date=23 July 2016}} but the government has no immediate plan to extend it as the current retirement age is deemed as sufficient.{{cite web|url=http://www.therakyatpost.com/business/2015/03/09/malaysias-retirement-age-stays-at-60|title=Malaysia's retirement age stays at 60 - The Rakyat Post - The Rakyat Post|publisher=therakyatpost.com|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527082625/http://www.therakyatpost.com/business/2015/03/09/malaysias-retirement-age-stays-at-60/|archive-date=27 May 2016}} |
| {{flag|Malta}}
| colspan="2" |64 |2024 |In Malta the retirement age is being increased gradually to 65 years by 2027. |
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| colspan="2" |65 |2015 |Retirement age is expected to be increased in the coming years. | |
| {{flag|Moldova}}
|63 |61 |2024 |Women: gradually rising by 6 months per year until 63 years in 2028. |
| {{flag|Montenegro}}
|66 |64 |2022 | |
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| colspan="2" |63 |2014 |Abdelilah Benkirane increased the retirement age to 63 since 2015. | |
| {{flag|Namibia}}
| colspan="2" |60 |2024 |The early retirement age for public employees is 55 years |[http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx Pension Benefits. GIPF.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208094413/http://www.gipf.com.na/about/Pages/pension.aspx |date=8 February 2016 }} Retrieved on 8 February 2016{{cite news | url= https://www.namibian.com.na/govt-probes-early-retirement-age/ | title=Govt probes early retirement age | newspaper=The Namibian | date=6 February 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160213190955/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=read&id=36877|archive-date=13 February 2016}} |
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| colspan="2" |65 |2021 | | |
| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| colspan="2" | 67 |2024 |67 to be increased to 67 years 3 months in 2028. AOW (Algemene Ouderdomswet, meaning General Old Age Law) eligibility is tied to life expectancy. |{{Cite web |title=Pension arrangements in the Netherlands|url=https://business.gov.nl/regulation/pension/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Business.gov.nl |language=en}} |
| {{flag|New Zealand}}
| colspan="2" |65 |2019 | |author=Ministry of Social Development|work=workandincome.govt.nz|access-date=August 21, 2019}} |
| {{flag|North Korea}}
|60 |55 |1999 | |
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}
|64 |62 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Norway}}
| colspan="2" |62–67 |2024 |{{See also|Pensions in Norway}} The general retirement age is currently set to age 67 however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes. |
| {{flag|Oman}}
|60 |55 |2023 |The age is 60. | |
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| colspan="2" |60 |2012 | |
| {{flag|Peru}}
| colspan="2" |60 |2018 | |
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| colspan="2" |60 |1990 |The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month's salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay). |
| {{flag|Poland}}
|65 |60 |2016 | |
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| colspan="2" |66.5 |2021 | |{{cite web|url=https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/106566471/details/maximized|title=Portaria n.º 99/2017 |author=Secretária de Estado da Segurança Social, Cláudia Sofia de Almeida Gaspar Joaquim|work=Diário da República}} |
| {{flag|Romania}}
|65 |62 |2023 |The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030, 64 in 2033 and 65 in 2035, and then will be linked to life expectancy. |
| {{flag|Russia}}
|63 |58 |2024 |From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened. |{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-45342721 |title= Russia's Putin softens pension reforms after outcry |publisher= BBC |date= 2018-08-29|access-date= 2019-01-30 }}{{cite news |url= https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russian-duma-moves-hike-retirement-age-amid-popular-opposition-62299 |title=Russian Duma Moves to Hike Retirement Age Amid Popular Opposition |work= themoscowtimes.com |date= 19 July 2018}} |
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| colspan="2" |60 |2014 |In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is [http://www.arabnews.com/news/566256 based on the Hijiri] (lunar) calendar. |
| {{flag|Serbia}}
|65 |63.5 |2023 |Both men and women can retire when they reach their respective retirement age and have at least 15 years of insurance coverage. Or, have 45 years of insurance coverage regardless of age. The retirement age for women is increased by 2 months every year and it will be the same as for men, 65 in 2032. |
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| colspan="2" |62–65 |2012 |In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now [http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx required to offer re-employment to eligible employees] who turn 62, up to the age of 65. The bill will gradually increase the retirement and re-employment ages for Singapore employees to 65 and 70 years old, respectively. By 2030, the retirement age will have been increased to 65 and the re-employment age will have been raised to 70, in a step-by-step approach. |{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/retirement-and-re-employment-ages-will-be-raised-to-65-and-70|title=Retirement and re-employment ages in Singapore will be raised to 65 and 70 | The Straits Times|first=Hermes|last=Auto|date=1 November 2021|website=www.straitstimes.com}}{{cite web | author = Ministry of Manpower | url = http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx | title = Retirement and Re-employment Act | date = 25 February 2015 | publisher = Government of Singapore | location = Singapore | access-date = 10 March 2015 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150315232457/http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspx | archive-date = 15 March 2015 }} |
| {{flag|Slovakia}}
| colspan="2" |62 |2017 |In Slovakia the retirement age for women depends on the number of children.{{Cite web |title=Slovakia - Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion - European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1127&intPageId=4767&langId=en |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=ec.europa.eu}} The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017. The retirement age as of October 2022 is 63 years with the conditions. |
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| colspan="2" |65 |2021 | |
| {{flag|South Korea}}
|colspan="2"|60 |2016 |Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.{{cite web|url=http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|title=한국일보 : 오피니언 : 2016 국민생활 이렇게 달라진다|date=27 December 2015 |publisher=hankookilbo.com|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817084149/http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/57e47c3e093a450ba841dfff0ca0b5aa|archive-date=17 August 2016}} | |
| {{flag|Spain}}
|colspan="2"|66.5 |2024 |
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|colspan="2"|55 |2014 | |
| {{flag|Sweden}}
|colspan="2"|67 |2024 |Early retirement possible from 64. Persons born before 1963 have various lower retirement ages. |{{cite web |url=https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/ga-i-pension/planera-din-pension/hojd-pensionsalder |title = Riktåldern styr när du kan ta ut allmän pension| date=14 September 2023}}{{Cite web |title=Plan your pension |url=https://www.pensionsmyndigheten.se/other-languages/english-engelska/english-engelska/plan-your-pension |date=2023-12-27|access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Pensionsmyndigheten|language=en}} |
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
|65 |65 |2021 |65 for women as of January 2025. |
| {{flag|Taiwan}}
|colspan="2"|66 |2015 |In Taiwan the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028. |
| {{flag|Tajikistan}}
|63 |58 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Thailand}}
|colspan="2"|60 |2015 |except a president of a university can work beyond 60 years | |
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|colspan="2"|60–65 |2015 | |
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
|colspan="2"|62–65 |2019 | | |
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|62 |57 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Turkey}}
|60 |58 |2014 |Retirement age was gradually increased since the 1970s, from 44 for men and 38 for women.{{Cite book |last=OECD |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/pensions-at-a-glance-2011_pension_glance-2011-en |title=Pensions at a Glance 2011: Retirement-income Systems in OECD and G20 Countries |date=2011-03-17 |publisher=OECD |isbn=978-92-64-09523-6 |series=OECD Pensions at a Glance |language=en |doi=10.1787/pension_glance-2011-en}} Originally, there was no exact retirement age. Current ages will increase to 65 for both genders by 2048. Additionally, various minimum days of service is required, which is currently 7000 days. It will become 7200 days (20 years) by 2048. One is subject to the laws on the day he/she started working. |
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
|colspan="2"|60 |2021 | |{{cite web|url=http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|title=Ukraine Needs a Smaller and More Humane State – VoxUkraine|date=9 June 2015|publisher=voxukraine.org|access-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514123236/http://voxukraine.org/2015/06/09/ukraine-needs-a-smaller-and-more-humane-state/|archive-date=14 May 2016}} |
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|colspan="2"|65 |2010 |In the United Arab Emirates the mandatory retirement age was raised from 60 to 65 in 2010, enabling the UAE to retain its needed expat skilled work force longer for key construction projects.{{cite web|url=http://www.expatinfodesk.com/news/2011/01/03/expat-retirement-age-in-uae-raised-from-60-to-65/|title=Expat Retirement Age in UAE Raised From 60 to 65 : Expat News : Expat Info Desk|first=Expat Info Desk International|last=Limited|website=www.expatinfodesk.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715075229/http://www.expatinfodesk.com/news/2011/01/03/expat-retirement-age-in-uae-raised-from-60-to-65/|archive-date=15 July 2016}} | |
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|colspan="2"|66 |2020 |{{see also|Pensions in the United Kingdom}} State pension age increased to 66 in 2020, and will go up to 67 by 2028,{{cite web|url=https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|title=Check your State Pension age - nidirect|date=28 October 2015|website=nidirect.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330095306/https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/check-your-state-pension-age|archive-date=30 March 2018}} and to 68 by 2037.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|title=Proposed new timetable for State Pension age increases|website=www.gov.uk|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223111415/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-new-timetable-for-state-pension-age-increases|archive-date=23 February 2018}} | |
| {{flag|United States}}
|colspan="2"|(A) Earliest age is 62 (on 25 to 30% reduction) | 2024 | {{see also|Pensions in the United States}} The Social Security Administration, is the Government agency responsible for social services in the United States. Pension age in the United States is determined on one's birth year, the earliest a person can retire is 62, but benefits for a single may be a 25% to 30% reduction, as the full benefit amount (100%) is for retirees is 66, however if a prospective retiree delays taking out Government benefits until 70, the full pension amount is increased (125%). |
| {{flag|Uruguay}}
|colspan="2"|60–70 |2009 |60 years and 30 working years minimum (1995), or 65 years and 25 working years and progressive to 70 in age and 15 working years (2009). | |
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|60 |55 |2011 | |
| {{flag|Venezuela}}
|60 |55 |2015 | |
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
|60.5 |55.67 |2022 |The retirement age will gradually increase to 62 for males by 2028 and 60 for females by 2035. In 2021, the retirement age is 60.25 (age 60 and 3 months) for men and 55.33 (age 55 and 4 months) for women, the age will be increased by 3 months each year following for men and 4 months for women. |
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Employment}}
{{Europe topic|Pensions in}}
{{Law country lists}}
{{Authority control}}