Return to Sender (song)

File:Girls Girls Girls Poster B.jpg (1962), which aimed to serve as a comeback for Elvis Presley.]]

Songwriter Otis Blackwell had already written several of Presley’s biggest hits, including "Don't Be Cruel" (1956) and "All Shook Up" (1957). Winfield Scott was a frequent collaborator with Blackwell, and writer of the hit song “Tweedle Dee” (1954).{{cite web|website=SecondHandSongs|url=https://secondhandsongs.com/work/75303/versions#nav-entity|title=Tweedle Dee|accessdate=July 2, 2023}} So it was logical for Freddy Bienstock, vice president of the record company Hill & Range, to turn to Blackwell and Scott to write songs for Presley's films,{{sfn|Biszick-Lockwood|2010|page=220-221}} and for the Presley vehicle Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962) specifically. Following the # 5 pop hit of Presley's pop ballad "She's Not You" (1962), the record company wanted him to return to the rock and roll genre without alienating fans who enjoyed his crooning.{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=190-191}}

Scripts for Presley films would note places where a song was to be inserted into the film as well as suggested titles and genres for the songs. While other songwriters would adhere to those notes, Blackwell and Scott would not, because they were used to the creative freedom of the rhythm and blues field. They decided to write a great song without any concern about whether fitted into the film's storyline.{{sfn|Biszick-Lockwood|2010|page=221}} After penning a track about fishing, entitled "Coming in Loaded", as well as other material they disliked, the two gave up on writing other songs until they found inspiration in a returned piece of mail. A demo that they had sent to a record company was returned to them with the words "Return to sender! No such person! No such zone!" stamped onto it. Blackwell and Scott decided to use those phrases as lyrics in a song about a failing relationship between "a spiteful woman and a heartbroken man".{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=191-192}}

Within only nine months of its release, it was the use of the word "zone" that became an anachronism when the USPOD or United States Post Office Department (the forerunner of the United States Postal Service) replaced all zones in 1963 with the nationwide rollout of ZIP Codes, thus making the song seem dated before its time, although 60 plus years later it is less of a footnote and an accepted part of the song, assumed{{by whom|date=March 2024}} to be used for rhyming purposes.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

On March 27, 1962, Presley was handed the task of recording all thirteen songs on the Girls! Girls! Girls! soundtrack. He was unenthusiastic about the material and went through the recording process at a quickened pace. The Jordanaires, Dudley Brooks, D. J. Fontana, and Scotty Moore were in the studio, and other instrumentation on the album was provided by Boots Randolph on saxophone, Ray Siegel on bass, Barney Kessel and Tiny Timbrell on guitar, and Hal Blaine and Bernie Mattinson on specialty drums. When he began singing "Return to Sender," Presley became more energetic. He found the song easy to perform and recorded it in just two takes, modelling his vocal stylings on Blackwell's. While watching Presley perform the track, Moore and Fontana felt that the "old magic" of the singer's earlier work had returned.{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=194}}

"Return to Sender" is a pop{{cite web |last=Ward |first=Thomas |url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/return-to-sender-mt0036819954 |title=Elvis Presley - Return to Sender |website=AllMusic |access-date=August 14, 2019}} and rock and roll song{{cite web| url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/jerry-lee-lewis-4-1379599|title=Otis Blackwell Dies| publisher=NME| date=May 8, 2002| access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814193755/https://www.nme.com/news/music/jerry-lee-lewis-4-1379599| archive-date=August 14, 2019| url-status=live| df=mdy-all}} with a length of two minutes and nine seconds, and an up-tempo, "gently rock[ing]" beat.{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=194}} Per Presley's decision, the lead instrument of the song's chorus is Randolph's saxophone rather than a guitar, which was more characteristic of Presley's music.{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=194-195}} According to Ace Collins in Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits, the track "recaptured the happy enthusiasm and unbridled joy" of the rock and roll music of the mid-1950s.{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=195}} The song is about a heartbroken man whose mail to his lover is always returned unopened. Collins also noted a contrast between the song's joyful instrumentation and its lyrics, which are those of a "woeful ballad".{{sfn|Collins|2005|page=195}}

NME said that "Return to Sender" and another song penned by Blackwell, Jerry Lee Lewis' "Great Balls of Fire" (1957), stand as "some of the most enduring classics in the rock and roll canon". In his book Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits, Ace Collins claims that while Blackwell wrote hits like Lewis' "Breathless" (1958) and "Fever" by Peggy Lee (1958), and influenced artists like Presley and Stevie Wonder, "it is doubtful that he ever wrote anything quite as innovative as 'Return to Sender'."{{sfn |Collins |2005 |page=192-193}} Thomas Ward of AllMusic praised the song's lyrics, production, and melody, as well as Presley's vocal performance. Ward concluded his review by saying that "Although 'Return To Sender' is not a huge artistic triumph, it's a great pop song that still sounds good to modern audiences".

Gerri Granger later recorded an answer song: "Don't Want Your Letters". The song was arranged and conducted by Bert Keyes, and was released on the single Big Top 45–3128.{{cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/record/453128us2 |title=Gerri Granger - Don't Want Your Love Letters / Ain't It Funny - Bigtop - USA - 45-3128 |publisher=45cat |access-date=April 5, 2014}}

"Return to Sender" came back into vogue in 1993 when the U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp honoring Presley on what would have been his 58th birthday. Fans mailed envelopes franked with first-day issues of this stamp to fictitious addresses so that they would receive their letters back, marked with the words "return to sender".{{sfn|Humphries|2003|page=105}}

The phrase "Return to Sender" was engraved on the coffin of Freddie Starr, a comedian and Elvis impersonator.{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48621164?intlink_from_url=&link_location=live-reporting-story|title=Freddie Starr funeral: Red roses and Elvis tributes as fans say farewell|first=Ian|last=Youngs| work=BBC News| date=June 13, 2019| access-date=August 15, 2019}}

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{{Certification Table Entry|region=Norway|type=album|artist=Soundtrack|title=South Pacific|nocert=true|relyear=1966|salesamount=25,000|salesref={{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=south+pacific+sales+norway+billboard&pg=PA46|magazine=Billboard|title=Norse Warm Up To Album Product|first=Espen|last=Erikson|volume=75|issue=21|page=46|date=May 25, 1963|access-date=February 13, 2022}}}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|nocert=true|salesamount=750,000|note=Physical sales|salesref={{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDvneZmPuVIC|title=Every Chart Topper Tells a Story: The Sixties|publisher=Mainstream Publishing|page=1958|date=2012|access-date=May 6, 2025|quote=Its follow-up, 'Return to Sender', issued during November, fared better by reaching No. 2 [in the United States], while in Britain it sold in excess of 750,000 copies to dominate the chart for three weeks.|first=Sharon|last=Davis|isbn=978-1780574165}}}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Elvis Presley|title=Return to Sender|award=Gold|relyear=2004|certyear=2024|id=17165-2984-1|note=Digital sales since 2004|access-date=August 30, 2024}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=single|artist=Elvis Presley|title=Return to Sender|award=Platinum|relyear=1962|certyear=1992}}

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{{Reflist}}

• {{citation|last=Biszick-Lockwood|first=Bar|date=2010|title=Restless Giant: The Life and Times of Jean Aberbach and Hill and Range Songs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAwGCtXPvMgC&q=return+to+sender+hal+wallis&pg=PA221|location=Urbana, Chicago and Springfield|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-03507-4}}
• {{citation|last=Collins|first=Ace|date=2005|title=Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hQyj7GVG1oC&q=sender&pg=PA195|location=814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=1-55652-565-6}}
• {{citation|last=Humphries|first=Patrick|date=2003|title=Elvis The #1 Hits: The Secret History of the Classics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mza4wsTDEFsC&q=sender|location=Kansas City|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|isbn=0-7407-3803-8}}
• {{citation|last=Kubernik|first=Harvey|date=2006|title=Hollywood Shack Job: Rock Music in Film and on Your Screen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp-Xc4lMnRUC&q=sender|location=Albuquerque|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|isbn=978-0-8263-3542-5}}

• [http://www.keithflynn.com/recording-sessions/620327.html Elvis Presley Studio Recording Sessions: March 27, 1962]

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Category:1962 singles

Category:Elvis Presley songs

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Category:Songs written by Otis Blackwell

Category:Songs written by Winfield Scott (songwriter)

Category:1962 songs

Category:RCA Victor singles

Category:Songs written for films

Category:Christmas number-one singles in the United Kingdom