Riverside South, Manhattan#60th Street Rail Yard

{{Infobox urban development project

| name = Riverside South

| image = Trump Place from mid-Hudson jeh.jpg

| caption = A view of the complex from the Hudson River

| other_names = Freedom Place and Riverside Center (for parts)

| location = Manhattan, New York City, New York

| address =

| coordinates = {{coord|40.778|-73.989|region:US_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}

| status = All buildings complete; highway relocation begun, but incomplete.

| groundbreaking = 1997

| proposed = 1989 (current plan)
1961 (first plan)

| constructed = 1997–2020

| est_completion =

| opening =

| demolished =

| destroyed =

| use = Residential

| architect = Daniel Gutman and Paul Willen; Marilyn Taylor and David Childs, SOM

| developer = The Trump Organization, Hudson Waterfront Associates, Extell Development Company

| owner = Extell Development and The Carlyle Group

| planner = Riverside South Planning Corporation

| cost = {{US$|3 billion}}

| buildings = 19

| size = {{convert|8.4|e6ft2|m2}}

| gross_leasable_area =

| parking =

| number_of_tenants =

| number_of_residents = over 8,000 as of 2012

| number_of_workers =

| website = [http://www.extelldev.com/extell_residential_riversideSouth.html ExtellDev]

}}

Riverside South is an urban development project in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, United States. Developed by the businessman and later U.S. president Donald Trump in collaboration with six civic associations, the largely residential complex is on {{convert|57|acre}} of land along the Hudson River between 59th Street and 72nd Street. The $3 billion project, which replaced a New York Central Railroad yard known as the 60th Street Yard, includes multiple residential towers and a extension of Riverside Park.

There were several proposals for the site in the late 20th century. These included the Litho City plan in the 1960s, Trump's 1970s plan, and the Lincoln West plan of the early 1980s. The current proposal stems from Trump's late-1980s proposal for Television City. Television City was originally designed to include 16 apartment buildings, {{convert|1.8|e6sqft|m2}} of studio space, {{convert|300000|sqft|m2|-4}} of office space, ancillary retail space, and a {{convert|75|acre|sing=on}} waterfront park. Trump sold Riverside South to investors from Hong Kong and mainland China, which built seven structures starting in 1997. In 2005, the investors sold the remaining unfinished portions to the Carlyle Group and the Extell Development Company. which developed three more buildings. In turn, Extell sold off some of the southernmost plots in the 2010s; these sites became Waterline Square.

60th Street Rail Yard

Before Riverside South was developed, the site was a rail freight yard owned by the New York Central Railroad, located between 59th and 72nd streets.{{harvnb|Stern|Fishman|Tilove|2006|ps=.|page=824}} By 1849 an embankment near West End Avenue, with a span over a tidal lagoon, carried the Hudson River Railroad, later part of New York Central. At the time, much of the current site of Riverside South was still under water. By 1880, what had been river was transformed by landfill into the New York Central Railroad's vast 60th Street Yard.City Planning Commission, "Riverside South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)," October 11, 1992, [https://www.scribd.com/document/42688816/Riverside-South-FEIS-1 pp. II-H-3, II-H-18] Within the 60th Street Yard, a set of {{convert|400|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} piers extended into the Hudson River, where barges carried railcars across the river to New Jersey.{{cite web |last=Schneider |first=Daniel B. |date=July 6, 1997 |title=F.Y.I. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/06/nyregion/fyi-949949.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The piers protruded at a 55-degree angle and each contained tracks.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=January 18, 2001 |title=Design Notebook; Skyline Views From Midstream |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/18/garden/design-notebook-skyline-views-from-midstream.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

In the 1930s, New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses covered New York Central's rail track north of 72nd Street as part of the West Side Improvement, which also moved rail lines below grade south of 60th Street.{{cite news |first=L.H. |last=Robbins |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/03/archives/transforming-the-west-side-a-huge-project-marches-on-new.html |title=Transforming the West Side: A Huge Project Marches On |work=The New York Times |date=June 3, 1934 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823185406/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/06/03/archives/transforming-the-west-side-a-huge-project-marches-on-new.html |url-status=live}}{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|pages=696–698}}{{RP|696–698}} The Moses project was bigger than Hoover Dam and created the Henry Hudson Parkway. The adjacent Riverside Park was expanded to the Hudson River.{{harvnb|ps=.|Stern|Gilmartin|Mellins|1987|pages=698–700}}

Until the 1970s, the rail yard area was generally industrial. The area was home to a printing plant for The New York Times between 1959 and 1975,{{cite news | title=Times Begins Printing At New West Side Plant | newspaper=The New York Times | date=July 29, 1959 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=October 9, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009130005/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html | url-status=live}} as well as ABC television studios. At the same time, public housing extended to West End Avenue (across the street from the printing plant and the TV studios), and the Lincoln Towers redevelopment project extended to the rail yard boundary along Freedom Place.{{Cite web |title=Litho City Master Plan (aerial view) |url=http://chpcny.org/assets/LithoCity-MasterPlan-aerial.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610050222/http://chpcny.org/assets/LithoCity-MasterPlan-aerial.pdf |archive-date=June 10, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |website=chpcny.org}} New York Central merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad to form Penn Central in 1968 as the rail lines were suffering severe financial difficulties.{{cite book |last1=Daughen |first1=J.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ur402YHf7gC |title=The Wreck of the Penn Central |last2=Binzen |first2=P. |publisher=Beard Books |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-893122-08-6 |page=4 |access-date=March 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308062316/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ur402YHf7gC |archive-date=March 8, 2024 |url-status=live}} The railroad went bankrupt in 1970,{{Cite news |date=June 22, 1970 |title=$200 Million Rescue Attempt Fails |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55ZlAAAAIBAJ&dq=penn+central+bankruptcy&pg=PA22&article_id=1149,2551001 |work=The Vancouver Sun |page=22 |agency=TPS}} and its assets were sold off in federal court.

{{multiple image

| align = center

| direction = horizontal

| image1 = RSP South stonework jeh.jpg

| caption1 = Stonework of a former rail embankment in Riverside Park South

| image2 = New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge (01590).jpg

| caption2 = The New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge used to transfer freight by car float across the Hudson, in disuse since the 1970s in Riverside Park South.

| image3 =

| caption3 =

| total_width = 600

}}

Early redevelopment plans{{Anchor|Redevelopment plans}}

In the late 20th century, there had been several proposals to develop structures over the rail yard.{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=September 26, 1984 |title=Delayed New York Housing Project Shows Problems of Urban Ventures |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397944656}}}} These included the Litho City plan in the 1960s; the businessman Donald Trump's 1970s plan; the Lincoln West plan of the early 1980s; and Trump's Television City plan of the late 1980s. In his book New York 2000, Robert A. M. Stern described the site as "one of the city's most coveted and contested parcels of open land". The site was hard to develop in part because it did not have roads or utilities, and because any potential redevelopment would have had to be built over the train yard.

= 1960s plans<span class="anchor" id="Litho City"></span> =

File:THE WEST SIDE OF MANHATTAN, NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY METROPOLITAN REGION IS ONE THE MOST CONGESTED URBAN... - NARA - 555742 (Corrected).jpg

In 1961, the railroad proposed a partnership with the Amalgamated Lithographers Union to build Litho City, a mixed-use development over the tracks.{{cite web |date=August 18, 1961 |title=West Side Housing to Straddle Central Tracks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/18/archives/west-side-housing-to-straddle-central-tracks.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} There would be six 47-story buildings and three 41-story buildings, all designed by Kelly & Gruzen. The development would have included 200 artists' studios that faced north; the rest of the units would be structured as rental apartments or housing cooperatives. Sources variously cited Litho City as being built to accommodate 12,500{{Cite news |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Board Boosts Idea of a City Over the Rails |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-boosts-idea-of-a-city-o/156854072/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=361}} or 25,000 people. The New York City Planning Commission (CPC) deferred action on the Litho City proposal for a year while it reviewed Litho City's effects on traffic in the neighborhood, and the consulting firm of Day & Zimmerman warned that the development might worsen traffic.{{Cite news |date=September 30, 1962 |title=Warn Center Over Traffic |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-warn-center-over-traffic/156854480/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=8}} Nonetheless, the union's president Edward Swayduck and the city's traffic commissioner Henry A. Barnes both endorsed the Litho City plan.{{cite web |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=October 8, 1962 |title=City Planners Set to Approve Site for Litho City Development; Project Housing 12,500 Will Dominate Hudson Shore From 60th to 70th Mayor and Aides Back Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/08/archives/city-planners-set-to-approve-site-for-litho-city-development.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

The CPC designated the West Side rail yard as an urban renewal site in October 1962, allowing the plans for Litho City to proceed.{{cite news |last=Madden |first=Richard L. |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Litho City Area Ruled Suitable for Renewal |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=15 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1336051630}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Charles G. |date=October 18, 1962 |title=Litho City's Site is Approved Here; Planners Rule Area West of Lincoln Center Suitable for Urban Renewal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/18/archives/litho-citys-site-is-approved-here-planners-rule-area-west-of.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Shortly afterward, the Amalgamated Lithographers Union announced plans for a $15 million dormitory in the development, which would house 1,000 foreign students.{{cite news |date=October 20, 1962 |title=Foreign Student Residence Included in Litho City Plan |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=5 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1325679240}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=October 20, 1962 |title=Housing for Students Planned As Part of Litho City Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/20/archives/housing-for-students-planned-as-part-of-litho-city-project.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Plans also called for a promenade linking to Lincoln Center, in addition to a park on the Hudson River shoreline.{{cite web |date=November 21, 1963 |title=Model of $200 Million Litho City Goes on Display |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/11/21/archives/model-of-200-million-litho-city-goes-on-display.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} A scale model of Litho City was unveiled at Grand Central Terminal in 1963. By then, the project was being planned as a high-income development, rather than a middle-income development; the cost of Litho City was estimated at $175 million.{{cite web |last=Huxtable |first=Ada Louise |date=June 21, 1963 |title=Litho City: Hit or Flop?; Union Housing Plan Meets Snag in Bid for 'Greatness' Star Architect Sought Above Middle Income Architects Recommended Financing a Mystery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/21/archives/litho-city-hit-or-flop-union-housing-plan-meets-snag-in-bid-for.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} There were to be 6,000 apartments,{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=February 28, 1965 |title=Lincoln Sq. Area is Still Building |work=The New York Times |page=R1 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|116767640}}}} and a new street, running parallel to the yard between 66th and 70th streets, was also proposed.{{cite web |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |date=February 14, 1964 |title=One-Way Routing at Lincoln Center Is to Be Reversed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/14/archives/oneway-routing-at-lincoln-center-is-to-be-reversed.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Moses also planned to build an exit from the West Side Highway to Litho City, prompting objections that the street grid could not handle the additional traffic.{{Cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Gerald |last2=Schlegel |first2=Harry |date=September 10, 1965 |title=Moses Has 3 Bees in His Various Bonnets |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-moses-has-3-bees-in-his-vario/156872658/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=3. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-moses-has-3-bees-in-his-vario/156872710/ 25]}}

The plans for Litho City were formally dropped in January 1966 due to disputes over the air rights; the railroad had terminated the union's lease of the site two months prior.{{cite web |last=O'Kane |first=Lawrence |date=January 21, 1966 |title=Litho City Plans Dropped by Union; Railroad Held Obstructive on Air Rights Proposal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/01/21/archives/litho-city-plans-dropped-by-union-railroad-held-obstructive-on-air.html |access-date=October 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} In the late 1960s, there were various proposals by the city's Educational Construction Fund for mixed residential and school projects, also partly on landfill.New York City Department of City Planning, "Lincoln Square and its Waterfront," NYC DCP 76-27, October 1976. This development would have included several athletic fields and between 6,000 and 12,000 apartments. In the early 1970s, Moses proposed relocating the highway between 59th and 72nd streets to ground level to facilitate an extension of Riverside Park, but he was unsuccessful.{{Cite web |title=Robert Moses' Proposal, 1974 |url=https://www.nypl.org/research/collections/shared-collection-catalog/bib/b10691956 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004004726/https://www.nypl.org/research/collections/shared-collection-catalog/bib/b10691956 |archive-date=October 4, 2020 |access-date=May 19, 2020}} The state rejected that proposal because of the presumed negative effect on development opportunities and because it would violate the Blumenthal Amendment, which prohibited any highway construction that would alter Riverside Park.New York State DOT and FHWA, [https://books.google.com/books?id=orM2AQAAMAAJ&q=editions:bLEc0xsgrssC "West Side Highway Project: Section 6 of the Final Environmental Impact Statement,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006202242/https://books.google.com/books?id=orM2AQAAMAAJ&q=editions:bLEc0xsgrssC|date=October 6, 2024}}, pp. 7, 8, 1975, 1977{{cite news |last=Prial |first=Frank J. |date=March 30, 1973 |title=West Side Studies 6 Highway Plans |url=http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Blumenthal.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228180412/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Blumenthal.pdf |archive-date=February 28, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}

= First Trump proposal and sale =

{{external media

| width = 275px

| float = right

| image1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202032550/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/litho%20city%202.jpg Litho City]

| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121014/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Moses.jpg Robert Moses' Highway and Housing Proposal, 1975]

| image3 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080155/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Trump76.jpg Donald Trump's 1975 Proposal]

| image4 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214204441/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/trump%2075.jpg Donald Trump's 1977 Proposal]

| image5 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214202125/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/linc%20west.jpg Lincoln West]

| image6 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202034735/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/tv%20city3.jpg Television City]

| image7 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214203430/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/trumpcity.jpg Trump City]

| image8 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214201905/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/Civic%20Alternative.gif The Civic Alternative]

| image9 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170214204432/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/SOM%20model.jpg Riverside South, as proposed]

}}

In July 1974, Trump Enterprises Inc., a company controlled by Trump, offered to buy an option on the {{convert|100|acre|adj=on}} 60th Street Yard and the {{convert|44|acre|adj=on}} 30th Street Yard for a combined $100 million.{{cite news |date=July 30, 1974 |title=Penn Central Trustees Petition To Sell Property: Court Asked to Clear Sale Of New York City Land For Over $100 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133918824}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Fried |first=Joseph P. |date=July 30, 1974 |title=2 West Side Rail Yards Are Sought for Housing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/30/archives/2-west-side-rail-yards-are-sought-for-housing.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump did not make a down payment.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html|title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 Billion|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=June 1, 2005|website=The New York Times|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-date=June 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616130110/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2015/07/20/behind-the-seventies-era-deals-that-made-donald-trump/|title=Behind the Seventies-Era Deals That Made Donald Trump|last=Barrett|first=Wayne|date=January 22, 1979|website=Village Voice|access-date=July 1, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011346/https://www.villagevoice.com/2015/07/20/behind-the-seventies-era-deals-that-made-donald-trump/|url-status=live}} Penn Central, which at the time was under trusteeship due to its insolvency, petitioned its trustees to approve the sale. Though both of the yards were still being used by freight trains, the only structures on the sites were storage buildings and train tracks.{{cite news |date=March 11, 1975 |title=Penn Central Agrees to Sell 2 Inactive Yards: Trump Enterprises to Pay Minimum of $62 Million, Plus Option for Stake |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133967449}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=McFadden |first=Robert D. |date=March 11, 1975 |title=Penn Central Yards' Sale Is Approved by U.S. Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/11/archives/penn-central-yards-sale-is-approved-by-us-court-2-parcels-on-hudson.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Following a private meeting with Trump, his father Fred, and Mayor Abraham Beame, Penn Central's trustees gave the option to Trump because he "seemed best positioned [...] to get rezoning and government financing". A U.S. federal court approved Penn Central's sale of the option to Trump in March 1975.

Initially, Trump wanted to build up to 20,000{{cite web |last=Kruse |first=Michael |date=June 29, 2018 |title=The Lost City of Trump |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/06/29/trump-robert-moses-new-york-television-city-urban-development-1980s-218836/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145205/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/06/29/trump-robert-moses-new-york-television-city-urban-development-1980s-218836// |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=POLITICO Magazine}}{{cite web |last=Fried |first=Joseph P. |date=March 12, 1975 |title=West Side Leaders Skeptical Of Plan to Develop Rail Yards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/12/archives/west-side-leaders-skeptical-of-plan-to-develop-rail-yards.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} or 30,000 housing units on the site. At the time, he had never completed a major real-estate development before.{{Cite news |last=Demick |first=Barbara |date=May 27, 1990 |title=Trump City, or Trump's Folly?: a New York Neighborhood Has Organized to Fight Donald Trump's Most Ambitious Vision Yet. |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |page=C.1 |id={{ProQuest|1834878796}}}} Local politicians including U.S. Representative Bella Abzug expressed concerns about the fact that the 60th Street redevelopment would cater mostly to middle- and upper-class families. Trump presented plans for the development to local residents in April 1976. As part of the proposal, designed by Gruzen & Partners, the site would be divided into three sectors with at least four buildings each; about 40 percent of the development would be open space, and there would be one or two schools and a central shopping mall.{{Cite news |last=Swertlow |first=Eleanor |date=April 30, 1976 |title=Says W. Siders Oppose a 'Co-op City on Hudson' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-says-w-siders-oppose-a-co-o/156878208/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=7}} There would have been 14,500 apartments on the site, funded with federal subsidies.{{cite web |last=Klemesrud |first=Judy |date=November 1, 1976 |title=Donald Trump, Real Estate Promoter, Builds Image as He Buys Buildings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/01/archives/donald-trump-real-estate-promoter-builds-image-as-he-buys-buildings.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Manhattan Community Board 7, representing the neighborhood that included the rail yard, opposed the plan. Trump twice downsized his plans for the yards. By May 1976, Trump's plans called for the West Side Highway to be relocated so he could build a park next to it;{{cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter B. |date=May 9, 1976 |title=Park Extension Sought by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/09/archives/park-extension-sought-by-trump-developer-would-redesign-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010005329/http://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/09/archives/park-extension-sought-by-trump-developer-would-redesign-west-side.html |archive-date=October 10, 2016 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |work=The New York Times}} the Department of City Planning endorsed this plan.{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=November 30, 1976 |title=A River Park West of Lincoln Sq. Endorsed by City Planning Study |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/30/archives/a-river-park-west-of-lincoln-sq-endorsed-by-city-planning-study.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331190409/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/30/archives/a-river-park-west-of-lincoln-sq-endorsed-by-city-planning-study.html |archive-date=March 31, 2021 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |work=The New York Times}} The state ultimately proposed reconstructing the highway viaduct instead.New York State DOT and FHWA, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I7w1AQAAMAAJ&dq=West+side+highway+project+environmental+impact+statement&pg=PA1 "West Side Highway Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement,"] June 4, 1977, p. 32.

Another proposal, for 12,450 apartments, was dependent on public financing that never materialized.{{cite web |last=Vitullo-Martin |first=Julia |date=January 19, 2004 |title=The West Side Rethinks Donald Trump's Riverside South |url=https://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040216123414/https://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html |archive-date=February 16, 2004 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=Manhattan Institute}} In May 1979, Trump exercised his option on the site, agreeing to buy the yard for $28 million.{{cite news |date=May 7, 1979 |title=Penn Central Corp. Posts Operating Profit For the First Quarter |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=23 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134383064}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=May 5, 1979 |title=West Side railyard is Trump's for 28M |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-west-side-railyard-is-trumps/156879117/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=45}} Had Trump finalized the acquisition, he would have been required to make payments over 18–30 months, after which he could take title to the site.{{cite news |date=May 7, 1979 |title=Penn Central Corp. Posts Operating Profit For the First Quarter |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=23 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134383064}}}} However, Trump never finalized his purchase, and his father's longtime friend Abe Hirschfeld agreed to take over the option instead.{{cite book |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |url=https://archive.org/details/trumpdealsdownfa00barr |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |date=1992 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |isbn=0060167041 |pages=114–115}} By then, the city government was contemplating building a freight yard for piggyback trains on the site.{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Randy |date=November 1, 1980 |title=Latin maps $1B W. Side Complex |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-latin-maps-1b-w-side-comple/156880886/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=196. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-latin-maps-1b-w-side-comple/156880930/ 200]}}{{cite web |date=July 8, 1980 |title=New York's Plan for the Future; Total Cost at Least $180 Million New Link Instead of Zigzag Yard for Manhattan Industries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/07/08/archives/new-yorks-plan-for-the-future-total-cost-at-least-180-million-new.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Penn Central signed a sale contract in March 1980, agreeing to sell Hirschfeld and his son Elie the site for $28 million.{{cite news |date=March 24, 1980 |title=Penn Central to Sell Manhattan Rail Yard For Total $28 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=21 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|134434956}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=March 22, 1980 |title=Penn Central Sells Manhattan Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/22/archives/penn-central-sells-manhattan-site.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Under the terms of the contract, the Hirschfelds made a $400,000 down payment and were required to spend $700,000 on planning over the next year. Trump later said that his decision to let his option expire was "the toughest business decision in my life".

= Lincoln West =

Abe Hirschfeld and the Argentine astrophysicist Carlos Varsavsky acquired the 60th Street Yard site in late 1980.{{cite web |last=Blair |first=William G. |date=November 2, 1980 |title=Argentines Back New Effort To Build on Old Penn Rail Yards; Argentines Back New Effort to Develop Penn Yards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/11/02/archives/argentines-back-new-effort-to-build-on-old-penn-rail-yards.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{Cite news |last=Postal |first=Bernard |date=November 30, 1980 |title=Postal Card |work=The New York Jewish Week |page=35 |id={{ProQuest|371505226}}}} Varsavsky's company, the Macri Group, became the project's majority partner, with a 65% ownership stake; the Hirschfelds held the remaining 35% stake.

== Initial plan ==

File:Riverside Park looking south (01585).jpg

Hirschfeld and Varsavsky formed a partnership named Lincoln West Associates to develop a project known as Lincoln West on the 60th Street Yard site.{{cite web |last=Daniels |first=Lee A. |date=January 28, 1981 |title=Metropolitan Desk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/28/nyregion/article-242147-no-title.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Macri hired Gruzen & Partners to draw up plans for the project, and he hired former deputy mayor John Eugene Zuccotti and lawyer Judah Gribetz to consult on the project. Rafael Viñoly assisted Gruzen with the plans.{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=August 8, 1982 |title=Perspectives: Lincoln West; Betting a Billion Dollars on the Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/08/realestate/perspectives-lincoln-west-betting-a-billion-dollars-on-the-upper-west-side.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The initial plans, announced in January 1981, called for 16 residential towers with a total of 4,850 apartments,{{Cite news |date=February 1, 1981 |title=It's toot-toot time for rail yard plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-its-toot-toot-time-for-rail/156882080/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=285}} arranged around a new avenue called Lincoln Boulevard. There would also be a 500-room hotel, one or two office towers, and {{Convert|42|acre}} of open space. A 4,000-space parking garage would have been located underneath the development.{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=January 6, 1982 |title=Dr. Varsavsky's incredible city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dr-varsavskys-incredible-ci/156884396/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=96, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dr-varsavskys-incredible-ci/156884503/ 98]}} Due to the topography of the site, the buildings at both the northern and southern ends would have been located on a platform, and Lincoln Boulevard would have been built with two levels. The first apartments would have begun construction in 1982, while the rest of the development would have been built in phases over a decade.

Lincoln West Associates submitted a formal proposal for the site in November 1981. When the plans were announced, The New York Times{{'}} architecture critic Paul Goldberger wrote that "much can be improved in the design of Lincoln West" but predicted that the development itself would alleviate the high demand for luxury housing in the city.{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=August 29, 1982 |title=Architecture View; is the Lincoln West Project Right for the City? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/29/arts/architecture-view-is-the-lincoln-west-project-right-for-the-city.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} In late 1981, Lincoln West Associates offered to give $10,000 to Community Board 7 for a study of the project's impacts.{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=October 8, 1981 |title=Community board eyes private money for study |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-community-board-eyes-private/156882727/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=153}} The plans had to undergo community review.{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 28, 1982 |title=West Side Waterfront Project is Facing a Series of Obstacles |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/28/nyregion/west-side-waterfront-project-is-facing-a-series-of-obstacles.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Opponents claimed that the development would overload the area's infrastructure,{{Cite news |date=September 17, 1982 |title=Lincoln West Plan Before City Board |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition-lincoln-west-pl/156883099/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=31}} and other critics took issue with the development's size{{Cite news |date=August 20, 1982 |title=Hearing on West Side Project Draws Backers, Opponents |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-hearing-on-west-side-project-dra/156883993/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=25}} and the lack of affordable housing. The firm of McKeown & Franz conducted an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the site.{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=March 25, 1987 |title=Trump He Plays for Keeps; It's Dream vs. Nightmare for Some Barren West Side Land |work=Newsday |page=9 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285541417}}}} The EIS found that the project would create 7,000 jobs, but that it would also overload existing transit infrastructure due to the presence of 9,200 additional commuters.{{cite web |last=Gottlieb |first=Martin |date=November 20, 1985 |title=Trump's Plan for 150-story Tower on West Side Faces a Strenuous Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/20/nyregion/trump-s-plan-for-150-story-tower-on-west-side-faces-a-strenuous-review.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Community Board 7 refused to support the project unless it was downscaled to include fewer than 4,000 residential units.{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=February 26, 1982 |title=Board asks scaling down of Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-asks-scaling-down-of-li/156934380/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=97}} Ultimately, Hirschfeld and Varsavsky agreed to pay for infrastructure improvements in the neighborhood.{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=September 19, 1982 |title=1B Lincoln West: a real blockbuster |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-1b-lincoln-west-a-real-block/156882985/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=20}}

Macri sent the plans to the CPC for review in March 1982 but, despite the concerns over Lincoln West's size, initially refused to scale down the plans.{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=March 23, 1982 |title=Unchanged Lincoln West plan goes before planning body |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-unchanged-lincoln-west-plan-g/156884666/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=100}} The same month, the city asked Lincoln West Associates to postpone its plans so the city could decide whether to build a new freight terminal there,{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 24, 1982 |title=City Asks Lincoln West to Defer Current Plans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/24/nyregion/city-asks-lincoln-west-to-defer-current-plans.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=March 31, 1982 |title=More modest proposal for W. 60th |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-more-modest-proposal-for-w-6/156885168/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=110}} and Lincoln West Associates agreed to restart the community review process. Additionally, part of the parking garage was replaced with space for trucking company, and the number of apartments was reduced to 4,700. Manhattan borough president Andrew Stein wanted the project to be further reduced to 3,700 apartments, which Varsavsky refused.{{Cite news |last=Lake |first=Katharine |date=September 15, 1982 |title=On eve of vote, Stein says no to Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-on-eve-of-vote-stein-says-no/156887141/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=103}} The engineering firm Tippetts Abbett McCarthy Stratton conducted a feasibility study of the proposed freight-rail center, finding that it was feasible to build it under Lincoln West,{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=June 17, 1982 |title=Rail-Freight Center Study is Completed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-rail-freight-center-study-is/156885631/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=131}} though Varsavsky opposed the freight center.{{cite magazine |last=Burggraf |first=Helen |date=August 13, 1982 |title=Plan For Housing Complex Riles Sa: Lincoln West : The Freight Debate |magazine=Women's Wear Daily |pages=1, 6–7 |volume=144 |issue=31 |id={{ProQuest|1445541521}}}}{{Cite news |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |date=July 19, 1982 |title=Lincoln West planner flatly bars freight center |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-planner-flatly-b/156935248/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=62}}

== Approval, lawsuits, and modifications ==

The CPC approved the Lincoln West plans in July 1982,{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=July 20, 1982 |title=Luxury Housing Given Approval by City Planners |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/20/nyregion/luxury-housing-given-approval-by-city-planners.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last1=Toscano |first1=John |last2=Chadwick |first2=Bruce |date=July 20, 1982 |title=For Lincoln West, a major victory |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-a-major-vic/156885434/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=68, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-a-major-vic/156885480/ 73]}} disregarding most of the opponents' objections to the project, although it asked the developers to reduce the project's size.{{Cite news |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=Owen |last2=La Rosa |first2=Paul |date=August 19, 1982 |title=For Lincoln West, today's the big day |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-for-lincoln-west-todays-the/156934496/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=130}} The New York City Board of Estimate also gave its approval that September.{{Sfn|Barrett|1992|p=298}}{{Cite news |last=Lake |first=Katharine |date=September 18, 1982 |title=Mull suit to best Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-mull-suit-to-best-lincoln-wes/156886284/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=81}}{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=September 17, 1982 |title=Estimate Board Gives Approval to Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/17/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-approval-to-lincoln-west.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107074037/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/17/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-approval-to-lincoln-west.html |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}} The plans called for 1,100 rental apartments (of which one-fifth would be affordable housing), in addition to 3,200 luxury co-ops or condos. In addition, the developers agreed to add several amenities such as a swimming pool, a park, and upgrades to two nearby subway stops.{{cite web |last=DePalma |first=Anthony |date=February 20, 1983 |title=Town Quandary: 20 Acres, Riv Vu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/realestate/town-quandary-20-acres-riv-vu.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Lincoln West Associates paid $13 million for the northern five blocks shortly after the plans were approved, and it paid $21.6 million that December for the southern eight blocks.{{cite web |date=December 9, 1982 |title=The City; Last Acres Bought For Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/09/nyregion/the-city-last-acres-bought-for-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The developers had planned to begin construction in April 1983, but the plans were delayed after Varsavsky's sudden death in early 1983.{{cite web |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=April 3, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Sponsor is Confident Despite Setback |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/03/realestate/lincoln-west-sponsor-is-confident-despite-setback.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Francisco Macri took over Varsavsky's 65% interest in the project.

Delays also arose from various lawsuits. Opponents sued in the New York Supreme Court in February 1983, alleging that the EIS had been done improperly.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 26, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Opponents Seek Ruling to Halt Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/26/nyregion/lincoln-west-opponents-seek-ruling-to-halt-plan.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=La Rosa |first=Paul |date=February 25, 1983 |title=Lincoln West foes go to court today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-foes-go-to-court/156904153/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=205}} The EIS was invalidated the next month,{{cite web |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |date=March 22, 1983 |title=New Impact Study Ordered For Lincoln West Complex |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/22/nyregion/new-impact-study-ordered-for-lincoln-west-complex.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=LaRosa |first=Paul |date=March 22, 1983 |title=Halts Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-halts-lincoln-west/156904263/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=15}} though the city government successfully appealed the ruling.{{cite news |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Court Clears Way For Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/08/nyregion/the-city-court-clears-way-for-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=The New York Times |page=B.5 |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Neill S. |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Gets Court's OK |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-lincoln-west-gets-courts-ok/156906518/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=19 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last1=Giordano |first1=Mary Ann |last2=La Rosa |first2=Paul |date=July 8, 1983 |title=Lincoln West wins an appeal in court |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-lincoln-west-wins-an-appeal-i/156906546/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=7}} The New York Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, ruled in October 1983 that the EIS had been prepared properly.{{cite news |date=October 28, 1983 |title=Appeals Court Says Lincoln West Study Was Properly Made |work=The New York Times |page=B.6 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|424788925}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Neill S. |date=October 28, 1983 |title=Lincoln West Gets Court's Blessing |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-lincoln-west-gets-courts-blessi/156906729/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=10}} In addition, Harry Helmsley, who owned an option on a superblock from 61st to 65th streets, sued the city and Lincoln West Associates, claiming that the city wanted to build three streets through his property.{{Cite news |last=La Rosa |first=Paul |date=September 8, 1983 |title=Helmsley suing city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-helmsley-suing-city/156903542/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=70}}

Though work had still not begun by early 1984, Lincoln West's developers were already revising the plans significantly, prompting its chairman to resign.{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Bird |first2=David |date=March 28, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; Changes at Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/28/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-changes-at-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Additionally, in July 1984, Chase Manhattan Bank moved to foreclose on two mortgages that had been placed on the site.{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=July 20, 1984 |title=Begins foreclosure against Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-begins-foreclosure-against-li/156911194/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=36 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=July 21, 1984 |title=The City; Mortgage Dispute At Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/21/nyregion/the-city-mortgage-dispute-at-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The city government would have canceled the development if the street grid had not received final approval by that September,{{Cite news |last=Arena |first=Salvatore |date=August 18, 1984 |title=Map change deadline |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-map-change-deadline/156911986/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=107}} but the Board of Estimate voted to extend the deadline by one month.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=September 14, 1984 |title=Lincoln West is Given More Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/14/nyregion/lincoln-west-is-given-more-time.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} That October, the Board of Estimate approved plans for Lincoln West's street grid and voted to give Lincoln West Associates four additional months to obtain financing.{{cite web |last=Rangel |first=Jesus |date=October 5, 1984 |title=Estimate Board Gives Extension to Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/05/nyregion/estimate-board-gives-extension-to-lincoln-west.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} By then, public officials doubted that Lincoln West would ever be completed, amid continued opposition to the project.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=October 2, 1984 |title=Persistent Doubts Cloud the Future of the Lincoln West Proposal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/02/nyregion/persistent-doubts-cloud-the-future-of-the-lincoln-west-proposal.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Lincoln West Associates ultimately could not receive financing for the development, partly because of Macri's concessions to the city and partly because Trump was trying to retake control of the site.{{Sfn|Barrett|1992|pp=302–3}}

=Television City=

Trump negotiated to repurchase Lincoln West in mid-1984; he initially decided against it but ultimately made an offer for the site that November.{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=November 20, 1984 |title=Developer to Buy Site in Manhattan For $95 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397978205}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=November 21, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; Lincoln West's Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/21/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-lincoln-west-s-future.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump announced in December 1984 that he would pay $95 million for the Lincoln West site;{{Cite news |date=December 2, 1984 |title=Trump has pact to buy tract for $95 million |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tarrytown-daily-news-trump-has-pact-to-b/156912210/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Tarrytown Daily News |pages=14 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=December 1, 1984 |title=Trump Buys Lincoln West |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-buys-lincoln-west/156910595/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=163 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Gottlieb |first=Martin |date=December 1, 1984 |title=Trump Set to Buy Lincoln West |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/01/nyregion/trump-set-to-but-lincoln-west-site.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025020406/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/01/nyregion/trump-set-to-but-lincoln-west-site.html |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}} this was part of a $115 million transaction that gave Trump control of the rail yard. Under the agreement, Trump controlled 80% of the project, Elie Hirschfeld retained a 20% stake, and Francisco Macri gave up his interest in the project. Trump initially anticipated constructing towers as tall as 60 stories, rather than a variety of low-rise buildings, as Lincoln West Associates had been proposed.{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=December 19, 1984 |title=New York Day by Day; A Hint of Trump's Vision Of the West Side's Future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/19/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-a-hint-of-trump-s-vision-of-the-west-side-s-future.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} He hired the Chicago–based architect Helmut Jahn in January 1985 to design the as-yet-unnamed development on the site.{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=January 23, 1985 |title=New York Day by Day; an Architect is Named for Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/23/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-an-architect-is-named-for-trump-city.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=January 31, 1985 |title=Battle over Fifth amendments |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-battle-over-fifth-amendments/156936750/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=202}} Trump, who called the Lincoln West tract "one of the best pieces of real estate in the country", contemplated erecting up to 8,000 apartments there.{{cite web |last=Lyons |first=Richard D. |date=September 22, 1985 |title=Developers Zero in on Columbus Circle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/22/realestate/developers-zero-in-on-columbus-circle.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} He also wanted to build a supertall skyscraper, following two unsuccessful approvals to build such a tower at the New York Coliseum site and on Wall Street.{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=November 18, 1985 |title=Trump deals ace: He'll scrape sky |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-deals-ace-hell-scrape/156938622/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=252}}

== Initial plan ==

File:Donald Trump with model of Television City.jpgIn November 1985, Trump announced plans for the Television City complex, which would feature a television studio headquarters.{{cite news |last=Lipman |first=Joanne |date=November 19, 1985 |title=Trump Plans Complex in Manhattan With TV Studios and 150-Story Tower |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|397916067}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=November 19, 1985 |title=Tall order by Trump |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tall-order-by-trump/156939325/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=389}}{{cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=November 19, 1985 |title=Trump Announces Plan to Construct World's Tallest Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/trump-announces-plan-to-construct-world-s-tallest-building.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112124732/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/trump-announces-plan-to-construct-world-s-tallest-building.html |archive-date=January 12, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}{{cite magazine |date=November 25, 1985 |title=Programing: Donald Trump unveils plans for TV towers |magazine=Broadcasting |page=40 |volume=109 |issue=22 |id={{ProQuest|1014724717}}}} The plan involved 7,900 apartments, along with retail, office, and television studio space. A 150-story supertall tower would rise from the middle of the complex, near 66th Street.{{cite news |last=Holmberg |first=David |date=November 19, 1985 |title=Tall Order: Trump's Plan for West Side: a Record 150-story Building |work=Newsday |page=1 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|1470054192}}}} The skyscraper would have included 750 hotel rooms and 60 floors of residences,{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=March 25, 1987 |title=Trump He Plays for Keeps |work=Newsday |page=9 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285395018}}}} and it would have been {{Convert|1670|ft}} tall, making it the world's tallest building. Several other towers, each 72{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=118}} or 76 stories high, would flank the 150-story tower, and there would be {{Convert|3.6|e6ft2}} of television studio space. In addition, the development would have 8,500 parking spaces,{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=November 16, 1986 |title=New plan, old fight at Trump's TV City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-new-plan-old-fight-at-trump/156943094/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=112}} {{Convert|40|acre|m2}} of parkland, and {{Convert|1.7|e6ft2|m2}} of retail space.{{cite magazine |last=Frostig |first=Richard |date=December 11, 1985 |title=New York Entertainment: Trump s Lofty Plan For TV City On West Side Has NBC Talking, But Neighbors Take A Dim View |magazine=Variety |pages=89, 126 |volume=321 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|1438446482}}}} Shortly after the plans were announced, Trump and the media company NBC discussed the possibility of relocating NBC's headquarters from Rockefeller Center to Television City.{{Cite magazine |last=Abramson |first=Dan |date=December 7, 1985 |title=US News: NBC & Trump in preliminary development discussions |magazine=Screen International |page=16 |issue=526 |id={{ProQuest|963229015}}}} Trump met with other television networks as well, including ABC and CBS.{{cite news |last=Holmberg |first=David |date=February 2, 1986 |title=Squaring Off Over Trump; Many Oppose TV City, But It's Not Unanimous |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-squaring-off-over-trump-many-op/156942925/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Newsday |page= |pages=7, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-squaring-off-over-trump-many-op/156942949/ 29] |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285249189}}}} The urban planner Norman Levin, who had formerly worked for Gruzen, was in charge of 20 separate teams who were working on the project.

Crain's New York called Trump's plan "the most ambitious development project ever in New York".{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=April 20, 1987 |title=They Deal for Donald |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=16 |id={{ProQuest|219114358}}}} Goldberger wrote that Television City was "woefully simplistic" and that the towers' designs had only a tenuous relationship with the street grid.{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 22, 1985 |title=Is Trump's Latest Proposal Just a Castle in the Air? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/22/arts/photography-view-is-trump-s-latest-proposal-just-a-castle-in-the-air.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702013029/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/22/arts/photography-view-is-trump-s-latest-proposal-just-a-castle-in-the-air.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}} New York Magazine{{'s}} architecture critic Carter Wiseman agreed, writing "isolated towers", such as those proposed in Television City, "survive in most of the world's major cities as reminders to planners that this brand of angst-inducing exclusivity is nasty to live with". Wiseman also said the development would cause overcrowding at the 72nd Street/Broadway station of the New York City Subway.{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOcCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3|title=Donald Trump's Fantasy Island|last=Wiseman|first=Carter|magazine=New York Magazine|publisher=New York Media, LLC|page=3|language=en|access-date=July 1, 2018|date=January 20, 1986}} A writer for the New York Daily News described the buildings as "intimidating and psychologically disturbing, dwarfing everything that's human in scale".{{Cite news |last=Herbert |first=Bob |date=November 21, 1985 |title=Trump overshadows the West Side... |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-overshadows-the-west-si/156937360/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=589}}

The proposal needed both a new EIS and a public review, and Trump hired McKeown & Franz to conduct the EIS. As such, construction could not start until 1987; Trump predicted that it would take five years to complete.{{cite magazine |date=November 22, 1985 |title=Trump Blows Hot For "Television City" Project |magazine=Back Stage |pages=5 |volume=26 |issue=47 |id={{ProQuest|964137744}}}} The project soon received large amounts of opposition.{{Cite magazine |last=Bressi |first=Todd W. |date=May 1995 |title=New York holds the trump card |magazine= Planning |page=4 |volume=61 |issue=5 |id={{ProQuest|206705771}}}} Local residents expressed skepticism to the project,{{cite web |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=November 19, 1985 |title=West Siders Voice Concern on Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/19/nyregion/west-siders-voice-concern-on-plan.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} citing its size and the fact that it targeted the upper middle class.{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=April 26, 1987 |title=Reinventing the City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/26/magazine/reinventing-the-city.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The Coalition Against Lincoln West called Television City "doubly excessive", dubbing it as even more extreme than the Lincoln West plan,{{cite news |last1=Kubasik |first1=Ben |last2=Scaduto |first2=Anthony |date=November 27, 1985 |title=Inside New York |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-inside-new-york/156940584/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285350244}}}} while other opponents were specifically against the 150-story tower. Opponents ranged from small associations to the Westpride group, the latter of which enlisted notable neighborhood residents and raised hundreds of thousands of dollars to fund the effort.{{cite news |first=Thomas J. |last=Leuck |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |title=Celebrities Open Wallets to Fight Trump's Project |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 30, 1987 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826112634/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |url-status=live}} Trump was initially reluctant to acquiesce to opponents' demands, fearing that doing so would endanger the development.{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=November 2, 1987 |title=Trump's West Side Finesse: Developer Deals, Trades – a Bit – to Gain Approval for Television City |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=15 |volume=3 |issue=44 |id={{ProQuest|219204209}}}} Trump tentatively agreed to sell Kumagai Gumi a 25% ownership stake in the development in 1986, but the agreement was rescinded due to disagreements over how much Kumagai Gumi was to pay.{{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=November 8, 1987 |title=How Donald trumped self |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-how-donald-trumped-self/157084451/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=30}}{{cite news |last=Guenther |first=Robert |date=December 24, 1986 |title=California Initiatives Dampen Outlook for Building Projects |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398012209}}}}

== Changes in plans ==

Even though Trump liked the original plans, he ultimately decided to replace Jahn as Television City's master planner. Jahn remained the architect for the proposed supertall tower.{{Cite news |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=July 3, 1986 |title=N.J. carries torch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nj-carries-torch/156943387/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=481}} In June 1986, he appointed Alexander Cooper as the site's new master planner;{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Susan Heller |last2=Dunlap |first2=David W. |date=June 25, 1986 |title=New York Day by Day; Architect for TV City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/25/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-architect-for-tv-city.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Newsday described Cooper as having a "sensitivity to scale" that contrasted with Trump's bold style.{{Cite news |last=Henry |first=John |date=November 16, 1986 |title=Low-key vs. high profile |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-low-key-vs-high-profile/156941429/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=112}} Trump and Cooper announced revised plans for Television City in October 1986.{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=October 26, 1986 |title=Trump's TV City Plan Called a Rerun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-tv-city-plan-called-a-re/156943224/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=19 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285402983}}}} Cooper reduced the 150-story tower to 136 stories;{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 30, 1989 |title=Proposed West Side Project Attacked |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702181748/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 2, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}} according to Cooper, the supertall tower would include less floor area than the Sears Tower or either of the World Trade Center's twin towers. The modified project still contained roughly the same amount of space, including {{Convert|1.5|e6ft2|m2}} each of studio and retail space as well as 7,600 housing units. The six 72-story towers were replaced with slightly smaller, 45- to 57-story skyscrapers, which line one side of an avenue that would run north-south through most of the development. The plan included fewer parking spaces and more parkland as well.

Cooper's version of Television City still received criticism.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/24/nyregion/television-city-project-tempered-but-still-big.html|title=Television City Project: Tempered, but Still Big|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|date=October 24, 1986|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 1, 2018|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012659/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/24/nyregion/television-city-project-tempered-but-still-big.html|url-status=live}} Peter Marcuse of Columbia University expressed doubts that the 150-story tower was economically feasible, and Kenneth Frampton, also of Columbia, described the building as "a violent irrelevancy". By contrast, Goldberger described Cooper's design for the site as "vastly more sophisticated" than Jahn's plan,{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=December 28, 1986 |title=Architecture View; Developers Learned Some Lessons and Cut Back |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/28/arts/architecture-view-developers-learned-some-lessons-and-cut-back.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and he wrote that Trump's decision to hire Cooper may have been part of Trump's efforts to ingratiate himself with the local community.

By early 1987, Trump was negotiating to lease the entirety of the supertall skyscraper's office space to General Electric (GE), which at the time owned NBC.{{cite news |last=Bernstein |first=Nina |date=February 19, 1987 |title=Trump Brings GE Plan to Light |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|285445557}}}} Trump offered to sell the site to the New York State Urban Development Corporation and lease it back for 99 years.{{cite web |last=Scardino |first=Albert |date=May 6, 1987 |title=Trump Offers to Sell Tract to Keep NBC in New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/06/nyregion/trump-offers-to-sell-tract-to-keep-nbc-in-new-york.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=May 18, 1987 |title=How NBC Puts City in a Pickle |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=20 |id={{ProQuest|219140721}}}}{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=May 7, 1987 |title=Trump Pitches Plan To Sell Site for $1 |work=Newsday |page=43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277772647}}}} In exchange, Trump would have received a 20-year{{cite web |last=Freedman |first=Samuel G. |date=July 6, 1987 |title=Trump Feud: Barbs Show Deeper Split |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/06/nyregion/trump-feud-barbs-show-deeper-split.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite magazine |last=Malanga |first=Steve |date=June 15, 1987 |title=City to Koch: Don't Lose NBC: Poll Backs Trump on Tax Incentives |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=24 |id={{ProQuest|219140626}}}} or 30-year tax abatement for Television City, which would have been the highest-valued abatement ever granted in New York City. Trump also offered to give the city government a portion of Television City's profits.{{cite web |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=June 1, 1987 |title=The Koch-Trump Feud; the Mayor's Political Fortunes and Television City Could Be Affected by NBC's Possible Relocation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=May 29, 1987 |title=Trump Fails in Bid To Get Tax Breaks For New York Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398019569}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Murphy |first=William |date=June 2, 1987 |title=City Says It Offered NBC Its Best Bond Deal Ever |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277871632}}}} Despite widespread public support for Trump's tax abatement, the city rejected Trump's proposal, and Mayor Ed Koch offered the tax breaks directly to NBC instead of to Trump. Negotiations between Trump and Koch devolved into name-calling;{{cite news |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=June 1, 1987 |title=The Koch-Trump Feud; The Mayor's Political Fortunes and Television City Could be Affected by NBC's Possible Relocation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101184540/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/01/nyregion/koch-trump-feud-mayor-s-political-fortunes-television-city-could-be-affected-nbc.html |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |access-date=June 1, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}} Trump called on Koch to resign, and Koch compared Trump to "a stuck pig".{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=Carlyle C. |last2=Connelly |first2=Mary |date=May 31, 1987 |title=The Region; Koch, Trump Slug It Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/weekinreview/the-region-koch-trump-slug-it-out.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012936/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/31/weekinreview/the-region-koch-trump-slug-it-out.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}} The plans called for 11 residential buildings, about {{Convert|2|e6ft2}} of office space, several parks, and a 152-story tower by mid-1987.{{cite news |last=Oser |first=Alan |date=May 10, 1987 |title=Huge Projects that Shape the Landscape of the City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/10/realestate/huge-projects-that-shape-the-landscape-of-the-city.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826130508/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/10/realestate/huge-projects-that-shape-the-landscape-of-the-city.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}} The department store chain Bloomingdale's negotiated to lease space in Television City as well.{{cite web |last=Barmash |first=Isadore |date=October 3, 1986 |title=Bendel Sets Move to 5th Ave. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/03/business/bendel-sets-move-to-5th-ave.html |access-date=October 12, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Adams |first=Anne L. |date=September 30, 1986 |title=Out of site, out of mind |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-out-of-site-out-of-mind/156998814/ |access-date=October 12, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=197, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-adams-co/156998844/ 206]}}

The project continued to face major opposition; for example, Westpride raised over $20,000 at a late-1987 fundraiser opposing Television City.{{cite news |last=Mangaliman |first=Jessie |date=October 2, 1987 |title=Manhattan Neighborhoods Manhattan Closeup Westpride Wants to Shrink Tv City |work=Newsday |page=30 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277783946}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 30, 1987 |title=Celebrities Open Wallets to Fight Trump's Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/30/nyregion/celebrities-open-wallets-to-fight-trump-s-project.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump indicated that September that he wanted to sell NBC part of the Television City parcel for $20 million,{{cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara W. |date=September 19, 1987 |title=NBC Deal Said To Be Likely |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277858184}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=September 18, 1987 |title=NBC almost Trumped |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nbc-almost-trumped/157115152/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=38}} and he also tried to entice financial services firms to move there.{{Cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=September 29, 1987 |title=TV city or not TV City, that is Don's question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tv-city-or-not-tv-city-that/157115065/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=203}} The Trump Organization also conducted a new EIS to appease opponents' concerns about Television City.{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 22, 1987 |title=Opponents Seek Draft of Reports On Trump Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/nyregion/opponents-seek-draft-of-reports-on-trump-plan.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The new EIS, published in October 1987, found that the development would cast shadows on the neighborhood, overload local transportation infrastructure, and interfere with television broadcasts.{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=October 6, 1987 |title=Latest Static: Trump's TV City Could Hurt Picture on City TV |work=Newsday |page=5 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277858129}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 7, 1987 |title=Trump Study Sees TV City As Disruptive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/07/nyregion/trump-study-sees-tv-city-as-disruptive.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} A local group known as the Parks Council commissioned a scale model of Television City, showing the shadows that the development would create.{{cite news |last=Ladd |first=Scott |date=December 10, 1987 |title=Manhattan Neighborhoods Manhattan Closeup Model Shows Effects of More Skyscrapers |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277922087}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=December 7, 1987 |title=Metro Matters; As Towers Rise, A Slow Fade-Out Of Sun and Sky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/07/nyregion/metro-matters-as-towers-rise-a-slow-fade-out-of-sun-and-sky.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

== Renaming and further revisions ==

At the end of October 1987, NBC decided against moving to Television City,{{cite magazine |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=November 9, 1987 |title=Landlords Won't Give NBC the Moon – Yet |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=3 |issue=45 |id={{ProQuest|219159881}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Leuck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 31, 1987 |title=NBC Will Not Move to Television City; West Side Opposition Cited — 5 Jersey Sites Considered |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/31/arts/nbc-will-not-move-to-television-city.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826124444/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/31/arts/nbc-will-not-move-to-television-city.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=November 2, 1987 |title=Trump, NBC Drop Proposal On Firm's Move |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=32 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|135267777}}}} even as Trump Organization officials claimed that the EIS was close to being approved. Politico reporter Michael Kruse wrote that the CPC likely would never have approved Trump City, though David W. Dunlap of The New York Times wrote that much of the project might have indeed been approved.{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=June 28, 1989 |title=Trump Offers Unusual Plan To Use 'Underwater Zoning' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/28/nyregion/trump-offers-unusual-plan-to-use-underwater-zoning.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917063923/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/28/nyregion/trump-offers-unusual-plan-to-use-underwater-zoning.html |archive-date=September 17, 2020 |access-date=July 2, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times}} Afterward, Trump initially planned to replace the television studio with a park or movie theater, even while preserving other aspects of the plans. In February 1988, Trump announced a revised plan for the project, which was renamed Trump City. The TV studio space was replaced with parkland, two small office buildings were added, and 760 of the apartments were designated as affordable housing for the elderly.{{cite news |last1=Fleming |first1=Michael |last2=Freifeld |first2=Karen |last3=Mulcahy |first3=Susan |date=February 4, 1988 |title=Inside New York |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277927287}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Butterfield |first=Fox |date=February 11, 1988 |title=Trump Revises Project for West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/11/nyregion/trump-revises-project-for-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702035452/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/11/nyregion/trump-revises-project-for-west-side.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}} The 150-story tower was retained, and there were to be 13 smaller towers.{{cite news |last=Rosen |first=Barbara |date=August 26, 1989 |title=In New York, the Sky's Not the Limit; Complex Air-Rights Deals Help Developers Circumvent |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=E02 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|307174822}}}} Goldberger wrote that Trump had added the affordable housing units to increase the likelihood of getting community approval,{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=January 31, 1988 |title=Architecture View; Trump: Symbol of a Gaudy, Impatient Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/arts/architecture-view-trump-symbol-of-a-gaudy-impatient-time.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} a sentiment shared by the project's opponents.{{Cite news |date=February 4, 1988 |title=Trump City? So, What's in a Name? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition-trump-city-so/157122776/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=180}} By October 1988, there was speculation that Trump might sell the site.{{cite news |last1=Berkowitz |first1=Harry |last2=Selvin |first2=Barbara W. |date=October 13, 1988 |title=Trump City Not For Sale – Yet; Potential buyers talking |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278054874}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=October 12, 1988 |title=Trump May Sell 76-Acre Manhattan Site Of 'Tallest Building' Plan, Sources Say |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B17 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|135311432}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=October 13, 1988 |title=Trump City Site May Be Sold, Developer Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/13/nyregion/trump-city-site-may-be-sold-developer-says.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Despite receiving five offers, all for hundreds of millions of dollars,{{cite web |last=Barron |first=James |date=October 18, 1988 |title=Trump to Sell The St. Moritz At Big Profit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/18/nyregion/trump-to-sell-the-st-moritz-at-big-profit.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump ultimately decided to keep the site.{{cite news |last=Lowenstein |first=Roger |date=December 22, 1988 |title=Trump Will Keep Site in Manhattan, Plans Development |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398128998}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=December 23, 1988 |title=Trump plans to keep Television City land |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-news-trump-plans-to-keep-tel/157120508/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=The Journal News |pages=42}}{{Cite news |last=Kovaleski |first=Serge |date=December 22, 1988 |title=Trump standing tall on West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-standing-tall-on-west-s/157123533/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=7}}

Westpride, which had 4,200 members at the end of 1988, continued to fight Trump City,{{cite web |last=Waite |first=Thomas L. |date=November 13, 1988 |title=Postings; Upper West Side Story: No Rest for the Wary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/13/realestate/postings-upper-west-side-story-no-rest-for-the-wary.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and local civic groups promised to sue the city government if Trump City were approved.{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=September 30, 1989 |title=Metrotech Agrees to Pay $2 Million to Aid Tenants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/30/nyregion/metrotech-agrees-to-pay-2-million-to-aid-tenants.html |access-date=October 15, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Community Board 7 and the Municipal Art Society jointly sponsored a study that recommended extending Riverside Park and the Manhattan street grid through the site.{{cite news |first=David W. |last=Dunlap |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/24/nyregion/development-changes-urged-for-west-side.html |title=Development Changes Urged for the West Side |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 24, 1989 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705233242/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/24/nyregion/development-changes-urged-for-west-side.html |url-status=live}} To increase the development's floor area by {{Convert|4.5|e6ft2}},{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 25, 1996 |title=Lawyers Who Mold The Shape of a City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/25/realestate/lawyers-who-mold-the-shape-of-a-city.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump suggested transferring air rights from a {{convert|19|acre|adj=on}} tract under the Hudson River to the rest of Trump City.{{cite news |last=Moss |first=Michael |date=June 25, 1989 |title=Long Fight Looms Over Trump Digs |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141402243/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Newsday |page= |pages=5, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141402124/ 29] |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278116515}}}} Further delays arose in 1989 when the city government investigated complaints that the Trump Organization was relocating possibly-contaminated dirt from Trump City to Fresh Kills Landfill. Trump alleged that Koch's administration was delaying the review of the project's EIS.{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara |date=December 28, 1989 |title=A Last Slap at Trump? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-a-last-slap-at-trump/157124140/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=56 |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Breznick |first=Alan |date=January 15, 1990 |title=Key Developers Beat Certification Clock |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=3 |volume=6 |issue=3 |id={{ProQuest|219152429}}}} In early 1990, Trump submitted a draft EIS to the New York City Council,{{cite web |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 12, 1990 |title=New Land Panel Has Trouble Gearing Up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/12/nyregion/new-land-panel-has-trouble-gearing-up.html |access-date=October 15, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} which called for the structures to be built in several phases. Trump had spent nearly $200 million to date, even though construction had not started. Chase Manhattan Bank, which had given Trump a mortgage loan on the site, expressed concerns that the loan could not be repaid,{{cite news |date=May 6, 1990 |title=The Trump Shuffle He's trying to sell assets to become king of cash, but the kingdom could be smaller than he imagined |work=Newsday |page=76 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278249830}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Dorfman |first=Dan |date=April 30, 1990 |title=Trump insists 'I'm not in a cash bind' |work=USA Today |page=01B |id={{ProQuest|306310838}}}} and Trump was paying tens of millions of dollars a year just to maintain the site.

Local civic groups filed a lawsuit in June 1990 to prevent the city government from rezoning the 60th Street Yard for the Trump City development.{{Cite news |date=June 22, 1990 |title=City Is Sued Over Trump City Zoning |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-city-is-sued-over-trump-city-zon/157216847/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=70}} The project was still opposed by groups such as the American Institute of Architects,{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=July 28, 1990 |title=Architects Level Donald's Plans |work=Newsday |page= |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278213719}}}} and local politicians called on the city government to buy the site from Trump.{{cite web |last=Buder |first=Leonard |date=July 12, 1990 |title=New York City Is Urged to Buy Big Trump Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/12/nyregion/new-york-city-is-urged-to-buy-big-trump-site.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Kirtzman |first=Andrew |date=July 12, 1990 |title=They'd like to park Don's Trump City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-theyd-like-to-park-dons-tru/157217398/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=238}} Goldberger wrote that Trump City had turned into "a national symbol both of massive, overreaching development and of diehard community opposition to it". In response, Trump hired an advertiser to promote the development to residents in the New York metropolitan area.{{Cite web |last=Enrico |first=Dottie |date=July 10, 1990 |title=Trump City Hires Black-Owned Ad Agency |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-city-hires-black-owned-ad/157273577/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=41 |language=en-US}} By that August, Trump had submitted three scaled-down plans for the site to the CPC.{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=August 6, 1990 |title=Potholes and Detours Dot the Road to Trump City Scaling down the project may be the only way to get it built |work=Newsday |page= |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278213905}}}} In November 1990, a New York Supreme Court judge invalidated zoning permits that the CPC had granted to Trump City,{{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=November 28, 1990 |title=Zoning Law Ruling to Delay 6 Large Real-Estate Projects |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/28/nyregion/zoning-law-ruling-to-delay-6-large-real-estate-projects.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |date=November 27, 1990 |title=Zoning Permits Invalid |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-zoning-permits-invalid/157217913/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=6, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-zoning-permits-invalid/157217942/ 33]}} although the proposal was still undergoing public review as late as February 1991.{{Cite web |last=Sommerfield |first=Frank |date=February 18, 1991 |title=Tale of Trump Cities |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tale-of-trump-cities/157273961/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=Daily News |page=113 |language=en-US}}

= Manhattan West and ABC proposals =

In 1985, the developer Daniel Brodsky acquired the land just east of the yard between 61st and 64th streets.{{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Sam |date=October 25, 1990 |title=Metro Matters; Project Is Caught In a Crossfire Meant for Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/25/nyregion/metro-matters-project-is-caught-in-a-crossfire-meant-for-trump.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} He proposed a development known as Manhattan West, which initially called for 1,375 apartments, and he also wanted NBC to relocate to the site.{{cite web |last=Meislin |first=Richard J. |date=November 16, 1985 |title=NBC Plans a Move From RCA Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/16/us/nbc-plans-a-move-from-rca-building.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} By 1987, his plans called for 1,200 affordable and luxury apartments across more than {{Convert|1|e6ft2}}, in addition to {{Convert|2.5|acre}} of parkland.{{cite news |last=Polsky |first=Carol |date=September 11, 1987 |title=TV City's Neighbor Gets Bit of Attention |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-tv-citys-neighbor-gets-bit-of-a/157114996/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=28 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|277921089}}}}{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 30, 1989 |title=Proposed West Side Project Attacked |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/30/nyregion/proposed-west-side-project-attacked.html |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The apartments would have been located in an L-shaped building with several roofs measuring up to 39 stories high, as well as 28-story building to the south. The CPC forced Manhattan West to conform to Television City's site plan, which included a block-wide park between 63rd and 64th streets extending east to West End Avenue.Jerold S. Kagan, The New York City Department of City Planning, and the Municipal Art Society of New York, [https://apops.mas.org/pops/727/ "Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204335/https://apops.mas.org/pops/727/|date=July 2, 2018}} John Wiley & Sons, 2000. A new version of the plan, with 1,000 apartments and only {{Convert|600000|ft2}}, was proposed in 1989. The Board of Estimate approved the revision in February 1990, and work on Manhattan West began in 1994.{{cite web |date=March 27, 1994 |title=Postings: 1,000 Apartments; West Side Housing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/27/realestate/postings-1000-apartments-west-side-housing.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=February 16, 1994 |title=Trumping Donald Understated builder gets the jump |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278725848}}}}

Meanwhile, Brodsky had sold off the northernmost {{Convert|2|acre}} of the Manhattan West site to Capital Cities/ABC in 1986.{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=August 16, 1992 |title=Perspectives: West Side Development; Capital Cities/ABC Plans New Studios |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/16/realestate/perspectives-west-side-development-capital-cities-abc-plans-new-studios.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} By the 1990s, Capital Cities/ABC was planning to erect three 39-story residential buildings and several television studios.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 16, 1992 |title=Plan Readied for a Smaller Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/16/realestate/plan-readied-for-a-smaller-trump-city.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Gordy |first=Molly |date=January 6, 1993 |title=As Easy as ABC? Network seeks city's OK to build TV studios, apartments |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-as-easy-as-abc-network-seeks-ci/157309066/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=23 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278574922}}}} The residential buildings, with a combined 930 units, would have been located from 64th to 65th streets, while the studios would have been located to the north. Capital Cities/ABC's proposal was submitted for public review in 1992, but Community Board 7 rejected the original plans.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=March 28, 1993 |title=TV Industry Scrambles for Studio Space |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/28/realestate/tv-industry-scrambles-for-studio-space.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Gordy |first=Molly |date=January 7, 1993 |title=Board Rejects ABC Project |work=Newsday |page=94 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278578446}}}} Capital Cities/ABC then canceled one of the towers and downsized the project to 500 apartments.

Riverside South{{anchor|Progress|Construction}}

= Civic organization proposal =

== Initial plan ==

File:Riverside Park Pier I.jpg

At the end of 1989, six civic organizations—the Municipal Art Society, Natural Resources Defense Council, New Yorkers for Parks, Regional Plan Association, Riverside Park Fund, and Westpride—proposed an alternative plan for the site,{{cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 3, 1989 |title=Groups Propose Park at Highway |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/03/nyregion/groups-propose-park-at-highway.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615024911/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/03/nyregion/groups-propose-park-at-highway.html |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=May 25, 2018 |work=The New York Times}} devised by the engineer Daniel Gutman and the architect Paul Willen.{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Goldberger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/01/arts/architecture-view-another-chance-for-a-prime-piece-of-real-estate.html |title=Another Chance for a Prime Piece of Real Estate |work=The New York Times |date=July 1, 1990 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826130505/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/01/arts/architecture-view-another-chance-for-a-prime-piece-of-real-estate.html |url-status=live}} The plans called for residential project of {{convert|7.3|e6sqft|m2}}.{{cite news |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump's Foes Now Sing Praises |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday/141406451/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278320056}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Barsky |first=Neil |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump Trims Plan For Development Of Manhattan Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398235078}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump Revises Project Plan for West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123115756/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=119}} The West Side Highway would be relocated underground to make room for a {{convert|23|acre|sing=on}} expansion of Riverside Park,{{Cite news |last=Selvin |first=Barbara |date=November 30, 1989 |title=Move the West Side Hwy? Civic Groups Float Plans for Trump City |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-move-the-west-side-hwy-civic-gr/94664124/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=69 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Saunders |first=D.J. |date=December 1, 1989 |title=West Side Story from 3 groups |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-west-side-story-from-3-groups/157121612/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=Daily News |pages=117}}{{cite web |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump's latest building won't tower over West Side, after all |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-times-trumps-latest-building/157274039/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The Daily Times |page=6}} and a new Riverside Boulevard would run above the relocated highway.{{cite web |last=McKinley |first=James C. Jr. |date=November 24, 1992 |title=Trump Development Plan To Drop Giant TV Studio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/24/nyregion/trump-development-plan-to-drop-giant-tv-studio.html |access-date=October 6, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump was negotiating with these civic groups by the beginning of 1991,{{cite news |last1=Berkowitz |first1=Harry |last2=Silverman |first2=Edward R. |date=February 19, 1991 |title=Trump Drops New Jersey Deal |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278325749}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Finder |first=Alan |date=February 9, 1991 |title=Trump Is Involved in Talks About a Smaller Trump City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/09/nyregion/trump-is-involved-in-talks-about-a-smaller-trump-city.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and he formally abandoned plans for Trump City in March 1991.{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=120}} The project was to have {{Convert|8.3|e6ft2}} of space in total.{{cite web |last=Purdum |first=Todd S. |date=March 6, 1991 |title=Trump Revises Project Plan For West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/nyregion/trump-revises-project-plan-for-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=July 13, 1992 |title=Trump Site Targeting Below-Market Housing |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=8 |issue=28 |id={{ProQuest|219127782}}}} These plans called for 5,500 apartments and up to {{Convert|1.8|e6ft2}} for television studios. In addition, four artists were hired to design the complex's public spaces. Goldberger referred to Trump's abandonment of the Trump City plans as a "miracle".{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=May 24, 1992 |title=Architecture View; Some Welcome Fiddling With Landmarks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/arts/architecture-view-some-welcome-fiddling-with-landmarks.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

Trump and the civic groups formed the Riverside South Planning Corporation (RSPC) to develop the project, which they called Riverside South.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 14, 1991 |title=Trump and Civic Groups Team Up to Oversee Big Riverside Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/nyregion/trump-and-civic-groups-team-up-to-oversee-big-riverside-project.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Chase Manhattan Bank, which still held more than $200 million in mortgages on the site, initially paid all of RSPC's expenses.{{cite news |last=Fee |first=Walter |date=May 18, 1992 |title=Trump Banks On City, State Boost |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-banks-on-city-state-boost/157301564/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=25 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278506690}}}} In April 1991, the RSPC hired David Childs of SOM, along with Paul Willen, to oversee Riverside South's design.{{Cite web |last=Berkowitz |first=Harry |date=April 13, 1991 |title=Trump City Project Gets Architect, Peacemaker |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trump-city-project-gets-architec/157275798/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=Newsday |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}} A group of planners and architects, appointed by Manhattan borough president Ruth Messinger, recommended that the plans be downsized even further.{{cite news |last=Wright |first=Chapin |date=July 1, 1991 |title=Panel Suggests Scale-down Of Trump Riverside Plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-panel-suggests-scale-down-of-tru/157276638/ |access-date=October 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=61 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278399891}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=July 5, 1991 |title=Trump City alive & foes are kicking |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-city-alive-foes-are-k/157276441/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} The RSPC unveiled a scale model of its proposal in August 1991, which called for several curved towers of up to 50 stories high.{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=August 11, 1991 |title=Lower Skyline, Higher Aspirations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/11/arts/lower-skyline-higher-aspirations.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702012918/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/11/arts/lower-skyline-higher-aspirations.html |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2018 |website=The New York Times}} By early 1992, RSPC chairman Richard Kahan said the tallest residential buildings would be 40 stories and be clustered at either end of the site. There were to be 16 residential towers and two office towers.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 24, 1992 |title=A Blueprint of the Future Along the Hudson River |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/24/nyregion/a-blueprint-of-the-future-along-the-hudson-river.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Both the city and state governments of New York endorsed the project, even though Trump had not pledged funds to improve nearby subway stations, as local residents had requested. Trump also did not want to add affordable housing units, saying it would be unprofitable to do so.

== Approval process and objections ==

{{external media

| width = 325px

| float = right

| image1 = [https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7741465,-73.9924371,3a,75y,47.78h,89.02t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sxdzb1lkvzVwxolFTYu_aWw!2e0!5s20110701T000000!7i13312!8i6656 Highway and northbound tunnel entrance from Google Maps Street View]

| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170114171136/http://landarchs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Untitled1.gif Riverside Park South without and with existing highway.]

| image3 = [http://s3.amazonaws.com/tbany/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TBA_RiversideSouthOpenSpaceMasterPlan-NY-NY_InterimPlan.jpg Riverside Park South Interim Plan.]

| image4 = [http://s3.amazonaws.com/tbany/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TBA_RiversideSouthOpenSpaceMasterPlan-NY-NY_FinalPlan.jpg Riverside Park South Final Plan.]

}}

In May 1992, the CPC granted the Riverside South project a certification, allowing the public review process to commence.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=May 19, 1992 |title=Trump's West Side Project Declared Ready for Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/nyregion/trump-s-west-side-project-declared-ready-for-review.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=May 18, 1992 |title=A West Side story–Trump's |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-west-side-storytrumps/157279921/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=364 |issn=2692-1251}} However, the project faced opposition because of its size, traffic issues, lack of affordable housing, and its association with Trump.{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Weber |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/22/nyregion/debate-on-trump-s-west-side-proposal.html |title=Debate on Trump's West Side Proposal |work=The New York Times |date=July 22, 1992 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826114810/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/22/nyregion/debate-on-trump-s-west-side-proposal.html |url-status=live}} Some residents of Lincoln Towers, which adjoined the rail yard, opposed any development on the site. Minor objections included the fact that the towers might block the west–facing windows of the Chatsworth apartment building on 72nd Street.{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/12/riverside-south-manhattan/|title=Riverside South, Manhattan|website=forgotten-ny.com|access-date=May 11, 2016|date=December 6, 2015|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610153616/http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/12/riverside-south-manhattan/|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/13/realestate/streetscapes-the-chatsworth-riverside-south-s-threat-to-a-1904-apartment-tower.html|title=Streetscapes: The Chatsworth; Riverside South's Threat to a 1904 Apartment Tower|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=December 13, 1992|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=May 11, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604140807/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/13/realestate/streetscapes-the-chatsworth-riverside-south-s-threat-to-a-1904-apartment-tower.html|url-status=live}} Residents of 71st Street, a dead end street, objected to the fact that their street would be extended to Riverside Boulevard.{{cite web |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=October 17, 2004 |title=The End of a Dead End, at Least for Pedestrians |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/17/realestate/the-end-of-a-dead-end-at-least-for-pedestrians.html |access-date=October 6, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} A report commissioned for Community Board 7 found that Riverside South would overwhelm the neighborhood's transit infrastructure unless it was reduced to 4,300 apartments,{{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=July 20, 1992 |title=Report pans Trump plan for W. Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-report-pans-trump-plan-for-w/157304227/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=9 |issn=2692-1251}} and the community board voted in July 1992 to recommend that the project not proceed.{{cite web |last=Barron |first=James |date=July 24, 1992 |title=Board Rejects Trump's Waterfront Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/24/nyregion/board-rejects-trump-s-waterfront-plan.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=July 24, 1992 |title=Board to Trump: Not! |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-board-to-trump-not/157303899/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=364 |issn=2692-1251}} Additionally, Messinger said she would not support the plans without further alterations.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=July 26, 1992 |title=Messinger Is Urging Change In Trump's West Side Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/messinger-is-urging-change-in-trump-s-west-side-plan.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

Following these objections, Trump agreed to slightly reduce the project's size, remove the office space, provide funds for the 72nd Street subway station, reserve 12% of the apartments for affordable housing, and build and maintain the new public park.{{cite news |first=Alan |last=Finder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/22/nyregion/trump-yields-to-demand-on-housing.html |title=Trump Yields to Demands on Housing |work=The New York Times |date=October 22, 1992 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826153936/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/22/nyregion/trump-yields-to-demand-on-housing.html |url-status=live}} The RSPC agreed to extend 71st Street for pedestrians while preventing through vehicular traffic, and setbacks were mandated on each of the buildings.{{harvnb|Dixon|1993|ps=.|page=121}} Messinger agreed to support the project after Trump acquiesced to the subway improvements, park, and affordable-housing units,{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=August 27, 1992 |title=Trump Wins a West Side Battle Messinger backs development plan |work=Newsday |page=37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278501251}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=August 27, 1992 |title=Altered Riverside South Plan Wins Messinger Over |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/27/nyregion/altered-riverside-south-plan-wins-messinger-over.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=September 10, 1992 |title=Not so, sez Trump |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-not-so-sez-trump/157305292/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=85 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} but other critics still strongly opposed the project.{{cite news |last=Walt |first=Vivienne |date=September 10, 1992 |title=Activists, Politicians Pan Trump's Riverside South |work=Newsday |page=106 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278575307}}}} U.S. Representative Jerry Nadler described the planned public park as a {{convert|10|e6$/acre|$/ha|sing=on}} "private backyard for the people who live in these buildings".{{cite web | last=Dunlap | first=David W. | title=In Trump Revision, Highway Stays and Park Goes | website=The New York Times | date=February 25, 1997 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html | access-date=October 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215133655/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |url-status=live}} Amid the opposition, Trump denied that he planned to sell the site. To convince the CPC to approve his plans, Trump agreed to provide even more money for the 72nd Street subway station and designate 20% of the apartments as affordable housing.{{cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=October 27, 1992 |title=1M sweetener from Donald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-1m-sweetener-from-donald/157305823/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=4 |issn=2692-1251}} Trump also agreed to extend Riverside Drive southward to alleviate congestion on West End Avenue.{{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Benjamin |date=February 3, 2003 |title=Community Boards |url=https://observer.com/2003/02/community-boards-16/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Observer}} The CPC approved the Riverside South plan in October 1992.{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=November 24, 1992 |title=Trump Is Closer To Deal On Riverside |work=Newsday |page=27 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278584019}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Prokesch |first=Steven |date=October 27, 1992 |title=Panel Clears Trump Plan On West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/27/nyregion/panel-clears-trump-plan-on-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214051451/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/27/nyregion/panel-clears-trump-plan-on-west-side.html |archive-date=February 14, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}} A New York City Council subcommittee approved the plan that November after Trump agreed to delay the television studios' development,{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=November 24, 1992 |title=Trump Is Closer To Deal On Riverside |work=Newsday |page=27 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278584019}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=November 24, 1992 |title=Nobody lays a glove on Trump's project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nobody-lays-a-glove-on-trump/157305980/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=40 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} and the full City Council approved Riverside South the next month.{{cite news |last=Collins |first=Gail |date=December 18, 1992 |title=An Early Gift For The Donald |work=Newsday |page=6 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278579579}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=December 18, 1992 |title=Council Approves Trump's Plan For Apartments on the West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/18/nyregion/council-approves-trump-s-plan-for-apartments-on-the-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Moritz |first=Owen |date=December 18, 1992 |title=Trump wins Council's OK for big W. Side plan |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-wins-councils-ok-for-b/157305662/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=304 |issn=2692-1251}}

The final project size was {{convert|6.1|e6sqft|m2}}—with an option for {{convert|1.8|e6sqft|m2}} of television studios on the two southern blocks—as well as a park and improvements to the existing Freedom Place.{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Denny |date=October 13, 2002 |title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: UPPER WEST SIDE; Names Fade From a Street, But Not From Memories |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-names-fade-street-but-not-memories.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604140700/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/13/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-names-fade-street-but-not-memories.html |archive-date=June 4, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}} Goldberger wrote that the final plan "stands a real chance of being a cause for celebration rather than embarrassment." The media estimated that Riverside South. Manhattan West, and the Capital Cities/ABC project would collectively house between 15,000 and 20,000 residents. There was to be a {{Convert|1|acre|adj=on}} park at the confluence of the three developments.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 6, 1992 |title=What's in Store For the West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/06/realestate/what-s-in-store-for-the-west-side.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The first phase of Riverside South called for four 18-to-40-story towers between 65th and 69th streets, with about 1,600 apartments.{{cite web |last=Oser |first=Alan S. |date=November 19, 1995 |title=Perspectives; Mixed-Income Rentals as the Key to Housing Development |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/19/realestate/perspectives-mixed-income-rentals-as-the-key-to-housing-development.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=May 28, 1996 |title=Trump tones down glitz |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-tones-down-glitz/157555131/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=208 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} Ultimately, the development was planned to include 16 buildings with 5,700 apartments, in addition to a {{Convert|23|acre|adj=on}} park and 1.8 million square feet of retail.{{Cite magazine |last=Philippidis |first=Alex |date=February 23, 2004 |title=Construction firm builds successes |magazine=Westchester County Business Journal |page=S2 |volume=43 |issue=8 |id={{ProQuest|200346709}}}}

By March 1993, Trump was applying for tax abatements and funding from the New York state government;{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=March 3, 1993 |title=Trump is seeking concessions to build long-delayed project in Manhattan |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A2 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398303281}}}} at the time, he owed the city $4.4 million in back taxes.{{cite web |date=March 11, 1993 |title=Trump Owes Back Taxes on Land for Tower |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/11/nyregion/trump-owes-back-taxes-on-land-for-tower.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |date=March 12, 1993 |title=Around the State |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-around-the-state/157309129/ |access-date=October 17, 2024 |work=The Buffalo News |page=11 |language=en-US}} Philip Johnson was hired as one of the development's architects that November.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=November 3, 1993 |title=Real Estate; Philip Johnson, the renowned architect, joins the Trump team on the huge Riverside South project. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/03/business/real-estate-philip-johnson-renowned-architect-joins-trump-team-huge-riverside.html |access-date=October 17, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} After the Riverside South plan was approved, Trump and proponents of Riverside South wanted the federal government to provide $80 million for the West Side Highway's relocation, but this funding was delayed for several years.{{cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter |date=October 4, 1997 |title=Riverside South Travesty: Politicians kill park component at Trump Development on West Side |url=http://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802140759/https://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm |archive-date=August 2, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2017 |work=The City Review}} Other opponents were upset by the decision to close the West Side Highway's northbound entrance and exit ramps at 72nd Street and fought to deny the highway project any funding.{{cite news |last=Perez-Pena |first=Richard |date=July 26, 1995 |title=Highway Plan for West Side Appears Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/26/nyregion/highway-plan-for-west-side-appears-dead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826162716/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/26/nyregion/highway-plan-for-west-side-appears-dead.html |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}

== Partnership with Asian investors ==

File:Miller Hwy climbs over park and past Trump Pl jeh.jpg

Meanwhile, during the mid-1990s, Chase Manhattan was pressuring Trump to repay the loan on the site,{{cite news |last=Gold |first=Jacqueline S. |date=August 29, 1994 |title=West Side Story with Unhappy Ending for Chase |work=American Banker |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|293028627}}}} and Trump wanted to refinance the project to pay the debt.{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=June 8, 1994 |title=Trump seeks to revive New York project with financing by Hong Kong company |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B5 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398399332}}}} Colony Capital offered to buy the debt on Riverside South's loan in late 1993,{{cite news |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |date=December 16, 1993 |title=Trump may get Los Angeles investors to help finance project in Manhattan |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A7 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398361343}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=December 17, 1993 |title=Boost for Trump's West Side Plan |work=Newsday |page=59 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278737360}}}} but these negotiations were unsuccessful.{{cite news |date=February 16, 1994 |title=Trump Seeks Partner To Help Fund Stalled Manhattan Project |work=The Wall Street Journal |page= |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398512878}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=February 14, 1994 |title=Deal unravels for financing at Trump site |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|219166103}}}} Additional attempts at obtaining funding from American financiers were also unsuccessful, and Trump said in early 1994 that he would apply for a loan from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.{{cite web |last=Ravo |first=Nick |date=April 17, 1994 |title=Trump to Seek Federal Help to Get Riverside South Under Way |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/17/nyregion/trump-to-seek-federal-help-to-get-riverside-south-under-way.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} He subsequently went to Hong Kong to negotiate with the businessman Henry Cheng.{{Cite magazine |last=Sender |first=Henny |date=July 21, 1994 |title=Outward bound |magazine=Far Eastern Economic Review |page=73 |volume=157 |issue=29 |id={{ProQuest|208207259}}}} The project was also involved in two lawsuits during this time, one of which claimed that the project did not conform to Lincoln West's EIS.{{cite web |date=January 30, 1994 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; Challenge to Trump Plan Loses |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/30/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-challenge-to-trump-plan-loses.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The other lawsuit centered around sewage disposal; at the time, Trump estimated that the development would generate {{Convert|5|e6gal|L|sp=us}} of sewage a day, but he had not received permission to connect the development's sewage lines to the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant.{{Cite web |last=Lowry |first=Tom |date=July 2, 1994 |title=Trump needs plunger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-needs-plunger/157531742/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=14 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}}

Trump sold a controlling interest in the project in June 1994,{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=July 1, 1994 |title=Hong Kong Investors Finance a Trump Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/01/nyregion/hong-kong-investors-finance-a-trump-project.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=June 20, 1994 |title=City spurs Trump deal for Riverside So. site |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=25 |id={{ProQuest|219182757}}}}{{cite news |date=July 1, 1994 |title=Trump Project At Riverside In Hands Of New Investors |work=Newsday |page=A43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278773529}}}} and a group of four developers from Hong Kong and mainland China, including New World Organization and Polylinks International, bought the controlling stake.{{Cite magazine |date=July 11, 1994 |title=Manhattan plan stays afloat |magazine=Engineering News-Record |page=15 |volume=233 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|235767298}}}} Polylinks paid Chase $90 million to settle the project's debt, plus $20 million in back taxes and other fees. The group also committed to spending $2.5 billion on the project itself.{{cite news |last=Krischer Goodman |first=Cindy |date=February 26, 1995 |title=Trump Tries to Bowl Over Asian Investors |work=Chicago Tribune |page=6.N |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|283896768}}}} Cheng became Riverside South's primary financier and developer,{{cite news |last=Henry |first=David |date=July 18, 1994 |title=The Hong Kong Connection Overseas Chinese' Money Pours Into High Profile Manhattan Real Estate. |work=Newsday |page=C01 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278771165}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Gargan |first=Edward A. |date=July 15, 1994 |title=How the Chengs Finessed Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/15/business/how-the-chengs-finessed-trump.html |access-date=October 18, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} while Trump remained Riverside South's chief promoter.{{cite web|url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2016-01-27/donald-trump-s-track-record-on-deals|title=How Trump Bungled the Deal of a Lifetime|date=January 27, 2016|first=Timothy L.|last=O'Brien|work=BloombergView|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127162407/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2016-01-27/donald-trump-s-track-record-on-deals|archive-date=January 27, 2016}} Trump retained a 30% ownership stake in Riverside South,{{cite web |last=Sherman |first=Gabriel |date=April 10, 2019 |title=Why Gary Barnett of Extell Corporation Is the Anti-Trump |url=https://nymag.com/news/features/establishments/68503/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=New York Magazine}} which could be increased if he sold or rented a certain number of apartments.{{cite web |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |date=January 26, 1997 |title=Money Tap Loosens, But Rules Tighten |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/realestate/money-tap-loosens-but-rules-tighten.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=Dave |date=October 24, 1999 |title=Doing the Math on the Donald / Behind the Great Developer's Great New York Deals |work=New York Daily News |page=6 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313713664}}}} The project was jointly developed by the Trump Organization and Hudson Waterfront Associates, the latter of which represented the Asian investors; they hired feng shui consultants to provide advice on Riverside South's design.{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Joan |date=January 24, 1997 |title=Feng Shui; Utahns Discovering Chinese Art of Directing Energy; Feng Shui: Everything in Its Proper Place |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |page=C.1 |id={{ProQuest|288735238}}}}

Though Riverside South's financial issues had been resolved, the lawsuits over the development were still pending. Construction was delayed as the lawsuits were resolved and the economy recovered.{{Cite news |last=Lipsyte |first=Robert |date=September 11, 1994 |title=Coping; Talking About What You're Thinking About |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/11/nyregion/coping-talking-about-what-you-re-thinking-about.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075510/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/11/nyregion/coping-talking-about-what-you-re-thinking-about.html |archive-date=October 1, 2017 |access-date=October 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In February 1995, the city government resolved one of the legal disputes by allowing Trump to connect Riverside South's sewage line to the North River plant.{{Cite news |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |date=April 11, 1995 |title=Ruth and Donald's artful deal |work=The Village Voice |pages=13 |language=en |id={{ProQuest|232223630}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Bunch |first=William |date=February 4, 1995 |title=Trump's River Project Is a Go, With Question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-river-project-is-a-go-w/157550592/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=20 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Shawn G. |date=February 4, 1995 |title=Trump Development Clears Hurdle Despite Objections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/04/nyregion/trump-development-clears-hurdle-despite-objections.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} That June, the New York Court of Appeals ruled that the EIS for Riverside South had been conducted properly.{{cite news |date=July 5, 1995 |title=Trump set to build New York dream |work=South China Morning Post |page=47 |id={{ProQuest|1536155468}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Giordano |first=Rita |date=February 4, 1995 |title=Trump's River Project Is a Go, With Question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-trumps-river-project-is-a-go-w/157550592/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=26 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}} There was another controversy over the RSPC's plans to build a temporary playground between 70th and 72nd streets.{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=May 28, 1995 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; It's Temporary, but Is It Beaux-Arts? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-it-s-temporary-but-is-it-beaux-arts.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} In the meantime, the new investors sought public financing.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/24/nyregion/trump-project-loses-bid-for-us-mortgage-insurance.html|title=Trump Project Loses Bid for U.S. Mortgage Insurance|last=Lueck|first=Thomas J.|date=July 24, 1998|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 1, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=October 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165108/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/24/nyregion/trump-project-loses-bid-for-us-mortgage-insurance.html|url-status=live}} Trump applied for a $355 million mortgage for Riverside South from the federal government;{{cite news |last=Liff |first=Bob |date=June 9, 1995 |title=Rudy Rapped on Trump |work=Newsday |page=A43 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278904461}}}}{{Cite web |last=Finnegan |first=Michael |date=December 5, 1995 |title=Democrats rip Trump fund-raiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-democrats-rip-trump-fund-rais/157553774/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=28 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} if the mortgage were approved, up to 20% of the apartments would have been reserved for low-income or middle-income residents. Trump was accused of paying off New York State Senate majority leader Joseph Bruno for approval,{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995%20-%204132.pdf|title=Democrats question Trump GOP fund-raiser|agency=Associated Press|work=Salamanca Press|location=Salamanca, New York|date=December 15, 1995|access-date=September 30, 2017|page=3|via=Fultonhistory.com|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331181355/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995/Salamanca%20NY%20Pennysaver%201995%20-%204132.pdf|url-status=live}} and the project's opponents accused Trump of colluding with Mayor Rudy Giuliani on the mortgage application. Nadler asked the Federal Housing Administration not to give a mortgage to Riverside South.{{cite web |last=Fisher |first=Ian |date=November 24, 1995 |title=Plan to Put Part of West Side Highway Underground Suffers Setback in Congress |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/24/nyregion/plan-to-put-part-of-west-side-highway-underground-suffers-setback-incongress.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

= Start of construction =

== First structures ==

File:200 Riverside Boulevard 001.jpg

Trump and New World Organization hired Lehrer McGovern Bovis as Riverside South's construction manager in April 1995;{{Cite web |date=April 7, 1995 |title=Commercial Properties |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-commercial-properties/157553603/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=183 |language=en-US |issn=2574-5298}} the firm went on to build eight of Riverside South's towers.{{Cite magazine |last=Shaver |first=Les |date=May 2007 |title=The Construction Ceo |magazine=Architect |page=121 |volume=96 |issue=6 |id={{ProQuest|227869907}}}} Work was delayed for two more years.{{cite web |date=December 22, 1996 |title=Trump Nears a Missing Link: A Sewage Hookup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/22/nyregion/trump-nears-a-missing-link-a-sewage-hookup.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=December 20, 1996 |title=Trump set for West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-set-for-west-side/157554877/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=937 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} In December 1996, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection granted Trump permission to connect the development's first structure to the treatment plant, and Trump received private financing for that building. After the city granted a construction permit in January 1997,{{cite news |last=Beck |first=Simon |date=February 9, 1997 |title=Permit victory for Trump's dream |work=South China Morning Post |page=21 |id={{ProQuest|1799701957}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=January 31, 1997 |title=Groundbreaking Near for Trump Project, Despite Upper West Side Objections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/31/nyregion/groundbreaking-near-for-trump-project-despite-upper-west-side-objections.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} a shanty town nearby was removed the next month.{{cite news |date=March 1, 1997 |title=Shantytown Bulldozed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-shantytown-bulldozed/157651479/ |access-date=October 22, 2024 |work=Newsday |page=A.18 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|278988298}} |postscript=none |agency=The Associated Press}}; {{cite web |last=Kershaw |first=Sarah |date=February 28, 1997 |title=Police Remove Encampment Of Homeless |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/28/nyregion/police-remove-encampment-of-homeless.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump also indicated that, due to opposition to the West Side Highway's relocation, he would postpone Riverside Park South's construction.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=February 25, 1997 |title=In Trump Revision, Highway Stays and Park Goes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/25/nyregion/in-trump-revision-highway-stays-and-park-goes.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite web |last=Leonard |first=Devin |date=September 29, 1997 |title=Is Trump Reneging On Massive Park Plan For Riverside South? |url=https://observer.com/1997/09/is-trump-reneging-on-massive-park-plan-for-riverside-south/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=Observer}} By mid-1997, Lehrer McGovern Bovis and HRH Construction were erecting the first two towers at 180 and 200 Riverside Boulevard,{{cite web |last=Lii |first=Jane H. |date=May 25, 1997 |title=A Street of Promises and Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/25/nyregion/a-street-of-promises-and-protest.html |access-date=October 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} which had a combined 990 apartments.{{cite web |last=Rozhon |first=Tracie |title=Money Tap Loosens, But Rules Tighten |website=The New York Times |date=January 26, 1997 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/realestate/money-tap-loosens-but-rules-tighten.html |access-date=October 21, 2024}} One hundred and four units at 180 Riverside were set aside for low-income households.{{cite web |date=February 21, 1999 |title=Q. & A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/21/realestate/q-a-385018.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump was also negotiating to install a massive statue of the explorer Christopher Columbus at Riverside South.{{Cite web |last1=Rush |first1=George |last2=Molloy |first2=Joanna |date=May 13, 1997 |title=Butts takes a malling over Harlem project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-butts-takes-a-malling-over-ha/157651808/ |access-date=October 23, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=728 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} Residents of Lincoln Towers continued to oppose the project, saying it would block their views of the Hudson River.{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=September 21, 1997 |title=Dismissing their views |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-dismissing-their-views/157652981/ |access-date=October 23, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=152 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} Another group of opponents sued to force Trump to construct Riverside Park South.

During the construction of 200 Riverside Boulevard, a subcontractor used substandard concrete to construct columns supporting the fifth floor, ignoring warnings from the building's structural engineer.{{Cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 4, 1997 |title=Trump Project Went On Despite Warning About Concrete |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/nyregion/trump-project-went-on-despite-warning-about-concrete.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114830/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/nyregion/trump-project-went-on-despite-warning-about-concrete.html |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 4, 2017 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}} The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) halted construction of the tower that November, after that tower had reached its 20th floor.{{Cite magazine |last=Post |first=Nadine M. |date=November 10, 1997 |title=Concrete Repair Gears up at Stalled Manhattan Tower |magazine=Engineering News-Record |page=14 |volume=239 |issue=19 |id={{ProQuest|235671370}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=November 2, 1997 |title=Concrete flaw halts Trump job |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-concrete-flaw-halts-trump-job/157652872/ |access-date=October 23, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=805 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/03/nyregion/weak-concrete-stops-work-on-west-side-trump-project.html |title=Weak Concrete Stops Work on West Side Trump Project |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 3, 1997 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 4, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305115331/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/03/nyregion/weak-concrete-stops-work-on-west-side-trump-project.html |url-status=live}} In addition, the first seven towers were exempt from the city's new seismic code due to a grandfather clause,{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=November 11, 1997 |title=Trump's folly shakes city |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trumps-folly-shakes-city/157366690/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=112 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} and two of the towers were also exempt from sprinkler regulations because they were shorter than {{Convert|300|ft}}.{{Cite news|title=Smoke-filled rooms |last=Lobbia |first=J A. |work=The Village Voice |date=March 30, 1999 |page=24 |id={{ProQuest|232203347}}|postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Jim |date=March 9, 1999 |title=Sprinkler Law Trumped Fire-safety Rules Watered Down |work=New York Daily News |page=8 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313682081}}}} Work on 200 Riverside Boulevard resumed in January 1998 after the defective concrete was replaced.{{cite magazine |id={{ProQuest|219158598}} |title=Winter forecast: Construction flurries |last=Goldstein |first=Matthew |volume=14 |issue=4 |date=January 26, 1998 |page=12 |magazine=Crain's New York Business |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/nyregion/order-that-halted-work-on-trump-project-is-lifted.html |title=Order That Halted Work On Trump Project Is Lifted |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 16, 1998 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 4, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113647/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/nyregion/order-that-halted-work-on-trump-project-is-lifted.html |url-status=live}} By the middle of the year, the TV network CBS was negotiating to occupy studio space in Riverside South,{{cite magazine |last=Croghan |first=Lore |date=April 6, 1998 |title=Developers rush to build towers in Jersey City |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=14 |issue=14 |id={{ProQuest|219176184}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Lueck |first=Thomas J. |date=March 31, 1998 |title=CBS Considers Manhattan and Jersey City for New Studios |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/31/nyregion/cbs-considers-manhattan-and-jersey-city-for-new-studios.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and New World was attempting to sell Riverside South's first two buildings.{{cite news |last=Beck |first=Simon |date=June 5, 1998 |title=Property; SAR Investors Seek Buyers for Trump Towers |work=South China Morning Post |page=34 |id={{ProQuest|1918189059}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 3, 1998 |title=Trump's Backers Trying to Sell First 2 Riverside Apartment Buildings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/03/nyregion/trump-s-backers-trying-to-sell-first-2-riverside-apartment-buildings.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The developers also rented out apartments at 180 Riverside Boulevard,{{cite web |last=Malbin |first=Peter |date=July 26, 1998 |title=If You're Thinking of Living In/Lincoln Square; A Hub of Culture and Entertainment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-lincoln-square-hub-culture-entertainment.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} while Pace Advertising Agency was hired to market the apartments.{{cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stuart |date=January 19, 1998 |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Accounts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/19/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-accounts-149608.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} CBS ultimately decided against moving to Riverside South.{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=January 29, 1999 |title=CBS Granted More Tax Cuts to Stay Put |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/29/nyregion/cbs-granted-more-tax-cuts-to-stay-put.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

By early 1999, several retailers were negotiating to move into the first two buildings,{{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Mervyn |date=March 3, 1999 |title=Residential Real Estate; Trump Place Is Coming Alive on Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/03/nyregion/residential-real-estate-trump-place-is-coming-alive-on-upper-west-side.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150527093812/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/03/nyregion/residential-real-estate-trump-place-is-coming-alive-on-upper-west-side.html | archive-date=May 27, 2015 |website=The New York Times}} and many of the condos and rental apartments were being leased out.{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=June 25, 1999 |title=Protests Supplanted By Praise; Trump Place Becomes Real, and Even Popular |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/25/nyregion/protests-supplanted-by-praise-trump-place-becomes-real-and-even-popular.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=March 11, 1999 |title=New Trump Apts. Along H'way |work=New York Daily News |page=40 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313684024}}}} The first structures were initially branded as Trump Place.{{cite web |last=Kolbert |first=Elizabeth |date=August 3, 1998 |title=Metro Matters; Trump's Loss Is a Victory For Taste |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/03/nyregion/metro-matters-trump-s-loss-is-a-victory-for-taste.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} New World and Trump placed a {{convert|9|acre|adj=on}} tract between 59th and 61st streets for sale that May,{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Peter |date=May 27, 1999 |title=Trump Place Site is Up for Grabs |work=New York Daily News |page=80 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313672688}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=May 28, 1999 |title=Metro Business; Trump Land Is for Sale |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/28/nyregion/metro-business-trump-land-is-for-sale.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} but they were unable to find a buyer.{{cite news |last=Sandler |first=Linda |date=January 19, 2000 |title=Donald's Wealth Estimates Trump Reality --- Several Billions Are Based On Profits That Are Far In the Developer's Future |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B10 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398765915}}}} In addition, work had commenced on a third building: a 33-story tower at 160 Riverside Boulevard.{{cite news |last=Lewine |first=Edward |date=August 29, 1999 |title=What's in All Those Big Holes? A Building Boom |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737050/ |access-date=October 24, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page= |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737070/ 26], [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-whats-in-all-those-big-holes/157737050/ 27] |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313709379}}}} Other developments, such as Tishman Speyer's 101 West End Avenue rental building, were also being built nearby.{{Cite news |last1=Golson |first1=Blair |last2=McGeveran |first2=Tom |date=November 18, 2002 |title=Busted Bosses Dump Palaces In Near-Panic |work=The New York Observer |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|333475690}}}} The M72 bus was rerouted to serve the complex, prompting complaints from neighborhood residents.{{cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Anthony |date=August 16, 1998 |title=Neighborhood Report: West Side; 'Minor Change' in M72 Bus Route Provokes Major Anger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/16/nyregion/neighborhood-report-west-side-minor-change-in-m72-bus-route-provokes-major-anger.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}{{cite news |last=Houpt |first=Simon |date=April 14, 2004 |title=Residents mobilize to fight Trump |work=The Globe and Mail |page=R.1 |id={{ProQuest|383858837}}}}

== Early 2000s expansion ==

File:140 Riverside Boulevard 002.jpg

By early 2000, work was about to begin on a fourth Trump Place building, a condo tower.{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Danielle |date=March 23, 2000 |title=New Trump Project's Neighbors |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-new-trump-projects-neighbors/157965018/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=36 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|313745667}}}} Later that year, Columbia University began negotiating to construct a satellite campus at the southern end of Trump Place.{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=September 15, 2000 |title=Columbia May Expand Onto Trump Riverfront Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/15/nyregion/columbia-may-expand-onto-trump-riverfront-site.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} While Goldman Sachs advised the university that the land's fair value was $65-90 million, Trump was insistent on a $400 million price, leading Columbia to expand in Manhattanville instead.{{cite magazine |last=Marks |first=Andrew |date=September 13, 2010 |title=Columbia leaps legal hurdles to push growth |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=20 |volume=26 |issue=37 |id={{ProQuest|754992782}}}}{{Cite news |last=Haag |first=Matthew |last2=Rosman |first2=Katherine |date=March 21, 2025 |title=Decades Ago, Columbia Refused to Pay Trump $400 Million. Note That Number. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/nyregion/trump-columbia-university-400-million.html |access-date=March 22, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Simultaneously, Trump developed a waterfront public park known as Riverside Park South.{{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=Dave |date=September 12, 2000 |title=Trump Rolling Out the Green to Open Lush Path Along the Hudson for All New Yorkers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-rolling-out-the-green/157965070/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=6 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305564574}}}} Trump was required to expand the park as additional buildings were erected,{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Denny |date=March 4, 2001 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; Dreaming of a Little Riviera |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-dreaming-of-a-little-riviera.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and he also had to preserve the 69th Street Transfer Bridge.{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 10, 2001 |title=Going Downtown, Downstream; Ferry at Riverfront Park Seen as Gateway to Wall St. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/10/nyregion/going-downtown-downstream-ferry-at-riverfront-park-seen-as-gateway-to-wall-st.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} During the park's construction, complaints of sewage smells prompted the Trump Organization to replace 180 Riverside's pipes.{{cite web |date=November 26, 2000 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; That Distinctive New-Park Odor Turns Out to Be Leaking Sewage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/26/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-that-distinctive-new-park-odor-turns-be.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The park's first phase, which cost $14 million, unofficially opened in January 2001{{cite news |last=Sokolov |first=Raymond |date=January 19, 2001 |title=The Shoreline Belongs to the People |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=W11C |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|2074363715}}}} and was dedicated that April.{{cite news |last=Colangelo |first=Lisa L. |date=April 11, 2001 |title=New Park Pier Trump Triumph Waterside Haven Opens |work=New York Daily News |page=1 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305594426}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Cardwell |first=Diane |date=April 11, 2001 |title=Giuliani Defends Plan to Ban Alcohol Sales at Street Fairs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/nyregion/giuliani-defends-plan-to-ban-alcohol-sales-at-street-fairs.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Trump Place's real estate brokers, the Corcoran Group, reported higher-than-anticipated interest in the apartments, despite the development's relatively remote location.{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=March 12, 2001 |title=Trump Taking Slow Road on West Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-taking-slow-road-on-wes/157966123/ |work=New York Daily News |page= |pages=30, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-taking-slow-road-on-wes/157966147/ 31] |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305641981}}}} Despite a slight downturn caused by the September 11 attacks later the same year, the apartments remained in high demand.{{cite news |last=Scherer |first=Ron |date=August 27, 2004 |title=Republicans meet a New York in flux ; Yes, echoes of 9/11 linger - but conventioneers will find a resilience bred through time |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=1 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|405683266}}}} Also in 2001, Community Board 7 approved the addition of another park on Riverside Boulevard,{{cite web |last=Crow |first=Kelly |date=August 5, 2001 |title=Neighborhood Report: Upper West Side; As Plans for Marsh Dry Up, Park's Neighbors Complain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/05/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-plans-for-marsh-dry-up-park-s-neighbors.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and the Federal Highway Administration approved the West Side Highway's relocation eastward.{{cite web |title=FHWA Record of Decision |url=http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/FHWA%20ROD.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214205346/http://home.jps.net/~riversidesouth/FHWA%20ROD.pdf |archive-date=February 14, 2017}}{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |date=June 23, 2006 |title=The Surprise in This Box? A Highway, Some Assembly Required |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/nyregion/23box.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121061626/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/nyregion/23box.html |archive-date=November 21, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}

Although Trump ceased his active involvement in the development in 2001, he retained his 30% limited partnership.{{cite web |title=The Story of Riverside South |url=http://www.all-sites.us/pw/rs/rs1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170057/http://www.all-sites.us/pw/rs/rs1.html |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |work=Paul Willen Architect}} The first retailer at Trump Place, a wine shop, opened in 2002,{{cite magazine |last=Goff |first=Lisa |date=September 9, 2002 |title=Telling Tales: Distilled Plan Gives Wine Shop Its Best Shot |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=24 |volume=18 |issue=36 |id={{ProQuest|219129171}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rothstein |first=Mervyn |date=March 6, 2002 |title=Commercial Real Estate; Trump Place Signs First Retail Tenant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/06/business/commercial-real-estate-trump-place-signs-first-retail-tenant.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} four years after Trump had begun looking for retail tenants.{{cite magazine |last=Messina |first=Judith |date=June 4, 2007 |title=Classy shops bring cachet |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=19 |volume=23 |issue=23 |id={{ProQuest|219135781}}}} Trump planned to begin constructing the complex's sixth structure, 240 Riverside Boulevard, the same year,{{cite news |last=Herman |first=Eric |date=March 5, 2003 |title=City May Give Lift to B'klyn High-rise |work=New York Daily News |page=28 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305769714}}}} which would have required the closure of the West Side Highway's 72nd Street exit ramp. Work on 240 Riverside was delayed by opposition from residents of the neighboring Chatsworth Apartments, who feared the building would obstruct their windows,{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 21, 2002 |title=Blotting Out the Light: A New Tower by Trump; Neighbors Fight a High-Rise Inches Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/21/nyregion/blotting-light-new-tower-trump-neighbors-fight-high-rise-inches-away.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} as well as objections from local residents who wanted the 72nd Street exit ramp to remain open. Despite the opposition, 240 Riverside was under construction by 2003.{{cite magazine |last=Lentz |first=Philip |date=April 14, 2003 |title=Big projects losing steam in downturn |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=3 |volume=19 |issue=15 |id={{ProQuest|219168589}}}} A second segment of Riverside Park South opened that June,{{Cite news |last=Healy |first=Patrick |date=June 12, 2003 |title=New Park On Hudson Fills Gap In Greenery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/new-park-on-hudson-fills-gap-in-greenery.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829124752/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/12/nyregion/new-park-on-hudson-fills-gap-in-greenery.html |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=August 29, 2019 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Sangha |first=Soni |date=June 12, 2003 |title=Trump hands city green: 3 acres of new parkland |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-trump-hands-city-green-3-acr/157993082/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=126 |issn=2692-1251}} and local residents attempted to preserve two burned piers within the park.{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Fred A. |date=September 4, 2003 |title=Pierwise, One Person's Wreck Is Another's Art |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/04/arts/pierwise-one-person-s-wreck-is-another-s-art.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The city government agreed in early 2004 to close the 72nd Street exit ramp;{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2004 |title=N.Y. City OKs ramp closure for Trump building project |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-ny-city-oks-ramp-clos/157996273/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The Buffalo News |page=12 |language=en-US |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Luo |first=Michael |date=January 10, 2004 |title=West Side Highway Exit Lost to Trump Project |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/10/nyregion/west-side-highway-exit-lost-to-trump-project.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} a state judge placed an injunction preventing the ramp's closure,{{cite news |last=Saltonstall |first=David |date=October 9, 2004 |title=Donald's Ramp Plan is Trumped |work=New York Daily News |page=7 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305928948}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Hu |first=Winnie |date=October 9, 2004 |title=Court Bars Closing of Ramp From Highway at 72nd St. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/09/nyregion/court-bars-closing-of-ramp-from-highway-at-72nd-st.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} but an appeals court upheld the plans.{{cite web |last=Worth |first=Robert F. |date=July 16, 2005 |title=New York Is Supported in Ruling on Exit Ramp |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/16/nyregion/new-york-is-supported-in-ruling-on-exit-ramp.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} By the end of 2004, a seventh building at 120 Riverside Boulevard was being completed.{{Cite web |last=Croghan |first=Lore |date=December 29, 2004 |title=Fertile ground on W. Side |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-fertile-ground-on-w-side/157995679/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=31 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} Due to legal disputes, the 72nd Street exit ramp remained open for three more years.{{cite web |last=Mindlin |first=Alex |date=June 24, 2007 |title=No Exit, but No Surrender |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/24/nyregion/thecity/24exit.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

= Site resale and completion =

== Carlyle and Extell takeover ==

Trump and his partners sold Riverside South, excluding the finished condominiums, to the Carlyle Group and the Extell Development Company for $1.76 billion in June 2005.{{cite magazine |last=Satow |first=Julie |date=September 12, 2005 |title=Extell's billion-dollar baby |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=1 |volume=21 |issue=37 |id={{ProQuest|219132812}}}}{{cite news |date=June 21, 2005 |title=Trump part of $1.76B property deal |work=Newsday |page=A37 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|279973776}} |postscript=none |agency=Bloomberg News}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=June 1, 2005 |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 Billion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-18-billion.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The syndicate had beat out several other bidders including the Related Companies, Vornado Realty Trust, and the Durst Organization. Carlyle obtained a 50% ownership stake in the project, while Extell took a 25% stake and sold the remaining 25% to an Irish development consortium.{{Cite news |last=Beesley |first=Arthur |date=July 9, 2005 |title=Irish group buys $440m stake in Trump Place |work=Irish Times |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|309888162}}}} Shortly afterward, Carlyle and Extell resold three rental apartment buildings to Equity Residential for $816 million.{{cite magazine |last=Satow |first=Julie |date=December 19, 2005 |title=Extell retaining Riverside |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=2 |volume=21 |issue=51 |id={{ProQuest|219215580}}}}{{Cite magazine |last=Bary |first=Andrew |date=August 8, 2005 |title=Pop! |magazine=Barron's |pages=21–23 |volume=85 |issue=32 |id={{ProQuest|201041047}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last1=Frangos |first1=Alex |last2=Chittum |first2=Ryan |last3=Corkery |first3=Michael |date=June 22, 2005 |title=Plots & Ploys |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=B1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|398926268}}}} Trump, who contended that the sale price was just over half what the property was worth, sued his partners,{{cite news |last=Gearty |first=Robert |date=July 12, 2005 |title=In the City. The Donald in Suit Over 1.7b Land Deal |work=New York Daily News |page=41 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|305967819}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=July 12, 2005 |title=Trump Sues Asian Partners Over Sale of West Side Site |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/12/nyregion/trump-sues-asian-partners-over-sale-of-west-side-site.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} but he lost.{{Cite news |last1=Eligon |first1=John |last2=Bagli |first2=Charles V. |date=September 17, 2009 |title=Figure in Property Sale in Trump Suit Is Indicted |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/nyregion/18developer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305192302/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/nyregion/18developer.html |archive-date=March 5, 2017 |access-date=March 4, 2017 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}} The Corcoran Group also sued Trump, claiming that he had failed to pay sales commissions for apartments sold there.{{cite web |date=December 15, 2005 |title=New York: Manhattan: Trump Sued Over Commissions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/15/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-trump-sued-over-commissions.html |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Helen |date=December 15, 2005 |title=It's Trump vs. Corcoran in realty suit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-its-trump-vs-corcoran-in-re/157997799/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |page=12 |language=en-US |issn=2692-1251}} Carlyle and Extell also attempted to sell the land between 59th and 61st streets before withdrawing their plans in December 2005. The seventh structure, 120 Riverside Boulevard, opened in early 2006,{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=April 30, 2006 |title=Grand Buildings, but Also a Sense of Community |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/realestate/grand-buildings-but-also-a-sense-of-community.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and the developers began erecting the northbound West Side Highway tunnel between 62nd and 65th streets that year.{{Cite magazine |last=Cho |first=Aileen |date=November 13, 2006 |title=Manhattan Tunnel Structure Is Built for the Long Term |magazine=Engineering News-Record |pages=17–18 |volume=257 |issue=19 |id={{ProQuest|235732552}}}} The third phase of Riverside Park South opened that August,{{cite web |last=Collins |first=Glenn |date=August 11, 2006 |title=A Chugger Floats to Stardom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/11/nyregion/11engine.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} and the development's first supermarket also opened in 2006.

In the mid-2000s, Extell developed the Avery condominium building at 100 Riverside Boulevard,{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=March 26, 2006 |title=A Condo With a View (of the Opera) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/26/realestate/a-condo-with-a-view-of-the-opera.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} as well as the Rushmore nearby at 80 Riverside Boulevard.{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=November 30, 2007 |title=Extell Has Too Much Glass for Angry Upper West Siders |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2007/11/30/10583166/extell-has-too-much-glass-for-angry-upper-west-siders |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{Cite magazine |last=Robledo |first=S Jhoanna |date=August 7, 2006 |title=Playing to the Audience |magazine=New York |pages=65 |volume=39 |issue=27 |id={{ProQuest|205120321}}}} The West Side Highway's 72nd Street exit finally closed in June 2007, though the connection from Riverside Boulevard to Riverside Drive did not open for another four years.{{cite web |last=Haughney |first=Christine |date=November 28, 2011 |title=Debate Over Riverside Boulevard Meeting Drive on the Upper West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/nyregion/debate-over-riverside-boulevard-meeting-drive-on-upper-west-side.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} A fourth section of Riverside Park South opened in 2008.{{cite news |last=Chan |first=Sewell |date=August 19, 2008 |title=Riverside Park South Ceremony |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/blogs/19cityroom-another-3661.html |work=The New York Times |page= |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|2221615836}}}} Thomas Balsley subsequently designed three more sections of the park.{{cite magazine |last=Kleege |first=Stephen |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Parks translate to profits |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=15 |volume=28 |issue=43 |id={{ProQuest|1115558022}}}} In addition, Extell began developing the Aldyn condominium and a rental tower between 62nd and 63rd streets in early 2008,{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=January 17, 2008 |title=Extell's Riverside South Will Rule the West Side |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/1/17/10579956/extells-riverside-south-will-rule-the-west-side |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} and it received a $613 million loan to develop the towers.{{cite web |date=July 1, 2008 |title=Extell's Riverside South gets $613M loan |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2008/07/01/extell-s-riverside-south-gets-613m-loan/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=July 1, 2008 |title=CurbedWire: LIC Breaking the Bank, Extell's Two New Towers |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/7/1/10566352/curbedwire-lic-breaking-the-bank-extells-two-new-towers |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} The Avery was finished in 2008, followed by the Rushmore in 2009{{cite news |last=Kusisto |first=Laura |date=December 30, 2011 |title=Riverside South Sees Burst of Sales |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A20 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|2729893326}}}} and the Aldyn in 2010.{{cite news |date=September 19, 2010 |title=Fall Preview: a Look at Top Properties Nationwide |work=The New York Times |pages=71-72, 74-75 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|753798211}}}} Amid weakening demand for condos at the Aldyn, Avery, and Rushmore, several prospective condo buyers sought to cancel their purchases.{{cite web |last=O'Connor |first=Anahad |date=April 10, 2010 |title=N.Y. Backs Remorseful Buyers at Rushmore Tower |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/10/nyregion/10ruling.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Multiple would-be buyers at the Rushmore sued Carlyle and Extell in 2009 after the developers refused to refund their apartment deposits;{{cite web |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=July 24, 2009 |title=Attack of the Fine Print |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/26/realestate/26deal1.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Jones |first=David |date=October 9, 2009 |title=Buyer sues Extell for deposit at Rushmore |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2009/10/09/buyer-sues-extell-for-1m-deposit-at-rushmore-with-gary-barnett/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} they received a $15 million refund after three years of litigation.{{cite web |last=Budin |first=Jeremiah |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Rushmore's $15 Million Typo Case Reaches Inevitable End |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2012/12/20/10292828/rushmores-15-million-typo-case-reaches-inevitable-end |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Jones |first=David |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Rushmore buyers get $15M refund in long-running contract dispute |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/12/20/rushmore-buyers-get-15m-refund-in-long-running-contract-dispute/?utm_source=feedburner |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Extell filed plans for 40 Riverside Boulevard (later One Riverside Park), just north of Riverside Center, in 2009,{{cite web |last=Polsky |first=Sara |date=July 25, 2011 |title=Plans for 33-Story Riverside South Tower Finally Revealed |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2011/7/25/10454390/plans-for-33-story-riverside-south-tower-finally-revealed |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} and Hill West Architects was hired to design a 33-story building on that site.{{cite web |date=July 25, 2011 |title=Latest Riverside South tower to be glassiest |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20110725/REAL_ESTATE/110729938/latest-riverside-south-tower-to-be-glassiest |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Crain's New York Business}}

== Riverside Center and Waterline Square ==

File:Baseball field under the West Side Highway.jpg

The southernmost section of Riverside South, which had been set aside for television studios, needed to be rezoned before residential structures could be built there.{{cite web |last=Chaban |first=Matt |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Starchitect Switcheroo! Will the Upper West Side Get Any Pritzker-Worthy Buildings at Riverside Center? |url=https://observer.com/2012/09/starchitect-switcheroo-ditch-christian-de-portzamparc-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Observer}}{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=December 20, 2010 |title=West Side Apartment Towers Approved |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/21/nyregion/21riverside.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} In October 2008, Extell proposed constructing Riverside Center, a set of five mostly residential towers between 59th and 61st streets, to complete the development.{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=October 31, 2008 |title=Extell Steaming Ahead on Giant 'Riverside Center' Amid Early Dissent |url=https://observer.com/2008/10/extell-steaming-ahead-on-giant-riverside-center-amid-early-dissent/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Observer |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=October 31, 2008 |title=Extell Moving Ahead With Five-Tower 'Riverside Center' |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2008/10/31/10555046/extell-moving-ahead-with-five-tower-riverside-center |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} Originally, Christian de Portzamparc was hired to design the buildings.{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=September 23, 2012 |title=Architect Switch Irks City Officials |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444180004578014722118062736 |access-date=October 9, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |page= |issn=0099-9660 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=September 24, 2012 |title=Despite plans, Christian de Portzamparc may not design Carlyle's Riverside Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/09/24/205183/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Riverside Center, covering {{Convert|3.1|e6ft2}}, was modeled on the design of Battery Park City,{{cite news |last=Forsythe |first=Jason |date=September 20, 2009 |title=Luxury Homes & Estates: Fall Preview |work=The New York Times |pages=51, 54–58 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|215470468}}}} with 2,500 residential units, retail, a cinema, a K-5 school, a hotel, and open space.{{cite news |last=Warerkar |first=Tanay |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Extell Sells a Portion of Riverside Center For $265M |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/12/4/9894124/extell-sells-a-portion-of-riverside-center-for-265m |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121028/https://ny.curbed.com/2015/12/4/9894124/extell-sells-a-portion-of-riverside-center-for-265m |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=Curbed NY}} The first site, known as site 2, would have contained 616 apartments and a school.{{cite web |last=Budin |first=Jeremiah |date=August 14, 2012 |title=Riverside Center Reveals Affordable Housing Details |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2012/8/14/10340032/riverside-center-reveals-affordable-housing-details |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Frost |first=Emily |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Riverside Center's Affordable Housing Plan Gets Nod from Community Board |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120815/upper-west-side/riverside-centers-affordable-housing-plan-gets-nod-from-community-board/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York}} Local residents quickly organized in opposition to the plans; among other things, they objected to the presence of 1,800 parking spaces and an automobile dealership.{{cite web |last=Li |first=Roland |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Barnett on Riverside Center: 'There's Only So Much We Can Give Up' |url=https://observer.com/2010/06/barnett-on-riverside-center-theres-only-so-much-we-can-give-up/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer}} In mid-2010, Community Board 7 voted to recommend that the city government disapprove the plans for Riverside Center,{{cite web |date=July 23, 2010 |title=Community Board Approves Its Disapproval of Riverside Center |url=https://observer.com/2010/07/community-board-approves-its-disapproval-of-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Staropoli |first1=Anna |last2=Trombola |first2=Nick |last3=Durso |first3=Isabelle |date=July 7, 2010 |title=Upper West Side's Final Frontier! Community Board Scrutinizes Riverside Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2010/07/upper-west-sides-final-frontier-community-board-scrutinizes-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}} and Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer also refused to accept the plans.{{cite web |last=Chaban |first=Matt |date=August 31, 2010 |title=BP Stringer Throws Water on Riverside Center |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2010/08/bp-stringer-throws-water-on-extells-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Architect's Newspaper |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=September 1, 2010 |title=Stringer Gives Extell Thumbs Down on Riverside Center |url=https://observer.com/2010/09/stringer-gives-extell-thumbs-down-on-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Observer}} In response, two lawyers and three lobbyists from Extell began negotiating with the city government.{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=December 6, 2010 |title=Property: Vote Could Mark End of Long Quest for Project |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A.24 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|815946803}}}} Extell agreed to add a school and affordable housing,{{cite web |date=August 26, 2010 |title=Extell to add below-market rate housing at Riverside Center |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2010/08/26/extell-to-add-below-market-rate-housing-at-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Brown |first=Eliot |date=August 26, 2010 |title=Extell Ups Below-Market Rate Housing at Riverside Center |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2010/08/extell-ups-belowmarket-rate-housing-at-riverside-center/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}} cancel plans for a department store, and improve parks in the area.{{cite web |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Riverside Center Wins Another Round |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/9/10491880/riverside-center-wins-another-round |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Leslie |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Extell Amends Riverside Center Plan to Include Affordable Housing, Parks Improvements |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/20101209/upper-west-side/extell-amends-riverside-center-plan-include-affordable-housing-parks-improvements/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York}}

The City Council approved Riverside Center's towers in December 2010{{cite news |last=Arak |first=Joey |date=December 20, 2010 |title=Council Approves Five Towers of Fun at the UWS's Riverside Center |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/20/10490318/council-approves-five-towers-of-fun-at-the-uwss-riverside-center |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121313/https://ny.curbed.com/2010/12/20/10490318/council-approves-five-towers-of-fun-at-the-uwss-riverside-center |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=December 20, 2010 |title=City Council approves Extell's Riverside Center |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20101220/REAL_ESTATE/101229993/city-council-approves-extell-s-riverside-center |access-date=November 6, 2024 |website=Crain's New York Business}} following a protracted dispute over the zoning. Extell hired Dattner Architects to design Riverside Center's school in 2011,{{cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Leslie |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Plans Reveal Upper West Side's First New School Building in Decades |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/20111215/upper-west-side/plans-reveal-upper-west-sides-first-new-school-building-decades/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=June 20, 2011 |title=Dattner to design Extell's Riverside school |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/06/20/dattner-architects-to-design-extell-development-s-riverside-center-public-school/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Community Board 7 approved plans for the first Riverside Center building, occupying site 2, in August 2012.{{cite web |last=Frost |first=Emily |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Riverside Center's Affordable Housing Plan Gets Nod from Community Board |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120815/upper-west-side/riverside-centers-affordable-housing-plan-gets-nod-from-community-board/ |access-date=November 6, 2024 |website=DNAinfo New York |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=August 23, 2012 |title=Community board committees favor Carlyle's plan for Riverside apartments |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/08/23/community-favors-carlyles-plan-for-riverside-apartments/ |access-date=November 6, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} The Carlyle Group subsequently solicited bids for the development of the Riverside Center sites, inviting Extell to submit a bid. Dermot Realty Management Company won the bid to develop site 2, and the company bought the site in December 2012 for $70 million.{{cite web |date=December 19, 2012 |title=Extell, liquidating assets ahead of new tower, sells Riverside Center development for $70M |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2012/12/19/barnett-liquidates-assets-ahead-of-new-tower-sells-riverside-center-development-for-70m/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Dermot also hired SLCE Architects to design the building at site 2, replacing de Portzamparc as the architect there. Silverstein Properties and El-Ad Group paid $160 million in 2013 for One West End Avenue, one of the five sites in the Riverside Center project.{{cite web |last=Dailey |first=Jessica |date=November 14, 2013 |title=Silverstein Properties, Elad Group Join Riverside Center Fun |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2013/11/14/10175386/silverstein-properties-elad-group-join-riverside-center-fun |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Voien |first=Guelda |date=November 13, 2013 |title=Elad, Silverstein team up on sprawling Riverside South project |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2013/11/13/elad-silverstein-team-up-on-sprawling-riverside-south-project/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Silverstein and El-Ad's site became the One West End condominium building, while Dermot's site became the 21 West End Avenue rental building.{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=C. J. |date=November 14, 2014 |title=Residential Towers Finish Project on Far West Side |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/realestate/residential-towers-finish-project-on-far-west-side.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517202238/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/realestate/residential-towers-finish-project-on-far-west-side.html |archive-date=May 17, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=The New York Times}}

In 2014, Extell announced plans for the remaining three sites in Riverside Center.{{cite web |last=Hylton |first=Ondel |date=July 17, 2014 |title=Still Portzamparc-ish: New Images of Extell's Riverside Center Uncovered |url=https://www.6sqft.com/still-portzamparc-ish-new-images-of-extells-riverside-center-uncovered/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Alberts |first=Hana R. |date=July 17, 2014 |title=So Is This What the Massive Riverside Center Will Look Like? |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2014/7/17/10071812/so-is-this-what-the-massive-riverside-center-will-look-like |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} Extell never developed the remaining Riverside Center sites. General Investment and Development Companies (GID) bought the site at 400 West 61st Street in May 2015,{{cite web |last=Hofmann |first=Tess |date=April 30, 2015 |title=GID Development buys part of Extell, Carlyle's Riverside Center for $410M |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/04/30/gid-development-buys-part-of-extell-carlyles-riverside-center-for-410m/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} and GID bought additional land at 20 Riverside Boulevard that November. GID bought the remaining tract at Riverside Center in December 2015.{{cite web |last=Mashayekhi |first=Rey |date=December 4, 2015 |title=GID pays $265M for latest slice of Riverside Center site |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/12/04/gid-pays-265m-for-latest-slice-of-riverside-center-site/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Guerre |first=Liam La |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Extell, The Carlyle Group Sell Riverside Center Land for $265M |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2015/12/extell-the-carlyle-group-sells-riverside-center-land-for-265m/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Commercial Observer}} The project became Waterline Square, which was completed in 2020;{{cite web |last=Marcut |first=Adina |date=December 22, 2020 |title=Behind the Megaproject That Completes the Riverside South Master Plan |url=https://www.multihousingnews.com/behind-the-megaproject-that-completes-the-riverside-south-master-plan/ |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=Multi-Housing News}} the Waterline Square project includes three towers with 1,132 total units.{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=C.J. |date=June 16, 2017 |title=The Last Piece of a Far West Side Project Gets Built |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/realestate/waterline-square-far-west-side-59th-street.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174342/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/realestate/waterline-square-far-west-side-59th-street.html |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=The New York Times}} Richard Meier & Partners, Kohn Pedersen Fox, and Rafael Viñoly designed the three Waterline Square towers.{{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=September 25, 2020 |title=Waterline Square's amenities include an indoor skate park, full tennis court, and a rock-climbing wall |url=https://www.6sqft.com/waterline-squares-amenities-include-an-indoor-skate-park-full-tennis-court-and-a-rock-climbing-wall/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=November 17, 2016 |title=Three starchitects tapped to realize delayed UWS development |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/11/17/13660260/richard-meier-rafael-vinoly-kpf-waterline-square-nyc |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}}

== 2010s to present ==

The Collegiate School agreed to move to Riverside South in 2013{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jenny |date=February 6, 2013 |title=Collegiate School, New York's Oldest Private School, Plans 17th Move |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/06/nyregion/collegiate-school-new-yorks-oldest-private-school-plans-17th-move.html |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Wolf |first=Jonah |date=April 23, 2013 |title=Kickin' Out Old School: Puffed Up Prepsters Warily Eye Collegiate's Modern Move |url=https://observer.com/2013/04/collegiate-schools-modern-move/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=Observer}} and announced plans for a 10-story campus building at 301 Freedom Place South the next year.{{cite web |last=Bockmann |first=Rich |date=December 29, 2014 |title=Collegiate School files plans for Riverside South building |url=http://therealdeal.com/2014/12/29/collegiate-school-files-plans-for-riverside-south-building/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422181102/http://therealdeal.com/2014/12/29/collegiate-school-files-plans-for-riverside-south-building/ |archive-date=April 22, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=The Real Deal New York}} Extell began selling units at One Riverside Park in late 2013,{{cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=November 19, 2013 |title=Property: Riverside Makes Mark |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A.22 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|1459325657}}}} and it subsequently opened a housing lottery for that building's affordable apartments.{{cite web |last=Navarro |first=Mireya |date=April 20, 2015 |title=88,000 Applicants and Counting for 55 Units in 'Poor Door' Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/nyregion/poor-door-building-draws-88000-applicants-for-55-rental-units.html |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=April 21, 2015 |title=Extell's UWS development draws 90K applicants for 55 spots |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/04/21/extells-uws-development-draws-90k-applicants-for-55-spots/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} Silverstein and El Ad began selling the condos at One West End in 2015,{{cite web |last=Hofmann |first=Tess |date=June 4, 2015 |title=Silverstein, Elad launch sales at One West End Avenue: PHOTOS |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2015/06/04/silverstein-elad-launch-sales-at-one-west-end-avenue-photos/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Real Deal |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=June 24, 2015 |title=First Look Inside One West End's Condos, Starting at $1.3M |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/6/24/9946788/first-look-inside-one-west-ends-condos-starting-at-1-3m |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Curbed NY}} and they also launched an affordable-housing lottery for that building.{{cite web |last=Sugar |first=Rachel |date=August 30, 2016 |title=Affordable apartments in a luxe Upper West Side tower will rent from $833/month |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/8/30/12713484/upper-west-side-riverside-center-affordable-housing |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=August 2, 2016 |title=Lottery Opens for 50 Middle-Income Units at High-End Rental West End Towers |url=https://www.6sqft.com/lottery-opens-for-50-middle-income-units-at-high-end-rental-west-end-towers/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=6sqft}} Dermot also began renting out units at 21 West End Avenue in 2016.{{cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=August 16, 2016 |title=Riverside Center rentals with over-the-top amenities ask from $3,140 |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/8/16/12505192/riverside-center-rentals-west-end-avenue |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Curbed NY |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=August 17, 2016 |title=Dermot's 21 West End launches leasing |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2016/08/17/dermots-21-west-end-launches-leasing/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}}

The first seven Riverside South buildings were originally known as Trump Place,{{cite magazine |last=Marantz |first=Andrew |date=December 14, 2015 |title=Talking Politics at Trump Place |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/12/21/rubdown |access-date=November 7, 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker}} and six of these buildings (excluding 240 Riverside Boulevard) contained large signs with that name on their facades.{{Cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |date=February 23, 2019 |title=For the second time in two days, a building called Trump Place decides to take down the president's name |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/for-the-second-time-in-two-days-a-building-called-trump-place-decides-to-take-down-the-presidents-name/2019/02/22/cf4480d6-36b9-11e9-854a-7a14d7fec96a_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}} After Trump won the 2016 United States presidential election, the residents of 140, 160, and 180 Riverside Boulevard voted to remove the Trump Place signage from their respective structures.{{cite news |last=Hawkins |first=Derek |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's name to be dropped from 3 NYC buildings after residents petition for removal |url=http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/donald-trump-s-name-to-be-dropped-from-nyc-buildings/article_eb959450-ac0f-11e6-a6e6-977fb0898d08.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117064153/http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/donald-trump-s-name-to-be-dropped-from-nyc-buildings/article_eb959450-ac0f-11e6-a6e6-977fb0898d08.html |archive-date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=November 16, 2016 |work=Winston-Salem Journal |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=November 11, 2016 |title=Trump Won the Election but 3 Manhattan Buildings Will Lose His Name |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/nyregion/trump-won-the-election-but-3-manhattan-buildings-will-lose-his-name.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201165426/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/nyregion/trump-won-the-election-but-3-manhattan-buildings-will-lose-his-name.html |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |work=The New York Times |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last1=Isidore |first1=Chris |last2=Malter |first2=Jordan |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Giant gold letters that spell 'Trump' come down from 3 NYC luxury buildings |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/11/16/news/companies/trump-place-name-change/index.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=CNNMoney |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=November 15, 2016 |title=Trump's name to be removed from New York buildings to appeal to renters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/15/new-york-trump-buildings-trump-place-name-removed |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=the Guardian}} Many of these residents had been politically opposed to Trump and had signed petitions in favor of the removal of the Trump name.{{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 24, 2016 |title=What's in a Name? When It's 'Trump Place,' It's a Revolt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/25/nyregion/trump-place-buildings-name-change.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The Trump signage was removed from 200 Riverside Boulevard in October 2018 after that building's residents also voted to remove the signs.{{Cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=October 19, 2018 |title=Onlookers cheer as 'Trump Place' is pried from condo building |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/onlookers-cheer-as-trump-place-is-pried-from-condo-building/2018/10/18/2e47b3ce-d2fa-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=October 17, 2018 |title=Liberal Upper West Siders Get Their Revenge: Trump Place Sign Comes Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/nyregion/trump-place-sign-condo-manhattan.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The Trump signage was also removed from the facade of 120 Riverside Boulevard in 2019;{{cite web |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Another group of people have voted to remove 'Trump Place' from their building |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/trump-place-sign-removed-new-york-manhattan-condo-riverside-boulevard-a8791411.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The Independent |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Yet another UWS condo board is removing Trump's name from building facade |url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2019/02/22/yet-another-uws-condo-board-is-removing-trumps-name-from-building-facade/ |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The Real Deal}} this was followed shortly afterward by the removal of Trump signage on 220 Riverside Boulevard, the final building in the complex that still bore the Trump Place name.{{cite web |last=Nir |first=Sarah Maslin |date=February 22, 2019 |title=The Upper West Side's Banishment of 'Trump' on Buildings Is Almost Complete |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/nyregion/trump-name-removed-buildings.html |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}

Riverside Park South's fifth phase opened in 2020.{{cite web |last=Schulz |first=Dana |date=October 23, 2020 |title=Riverside Park opens new section with playgrounds, volleyball, lawns, and more |url=https://www.6sqft.com/riverside-park-south-phase-five-opens/ |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=6sqft |postscript=none}}; {{cite web |last=Saltonstall |first=Gus |date=October 22, 2020 |title=New Section Opened In Riverside Park South: Pictures |url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-west-side-nyc/new-section-opened-riverside-park-south-project-pictures |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=Upper West Side, NY Patch}} A&E Real Estate bought 140 Riverside Boulevard in 2022 for $266 million, and that firm paid another $415 million for 160 Riverside Boulevard the same year.{{cite web | last=Steele | first=Jeffrey | title=A&E Real Estate Buys Manhattan Apartments for $415M | website=Multi-Housing News | date=July 18, 2022 | url=https://www.multihousingnews.com/ae-real-estate-buys-manhattan-apartments-for-415m/ | access-date=October 31, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last=Cunningham | first=Cathy | title=A&E Real Estate Buys 160 Riverside Boulevard for $415M | website=Commercial Observer | date=July 15, 2022 | url=https://commercialobserver.com/2022/07/ae-real-estate-160-riverside-cbre-zell/ | access-date=October 31, 2024}}

Buildings

File:Trump Place street jeh.JPG

Overall, the development consists of 19 apartment buildings, condominiums, and lease properties. {{As of|2012|alt=As of 2012}}, the buildings housed a combined 8,000 people; the area was collectively called "Riverside Boulevard" after its main street, or "The Strip" after its long, narrow shape. Six more towers with a combined 3,000 units, as well as a school, a hotel, retail and restaurant space, and space for a movie theater, had yet to be completed. A {{convert|3.4|acre|ha|adj=on}} park between the buildings was in the planning stages.{{cite web | last=Gregor | first=Alison | title=All This Neighborhood Needs Is a Name | website=The New York Times | date=February 24, 2012 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/realestate/all-this-neighborhood-needs-is-a-name.html | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=June 23, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623002803/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/realestate/all-this-neighborhood-needs-is-a-name.html | url-status=live}} The towers were constructed as green buildings.{{cite magazine |last=Denitto |first=Emily |date=April 21, 1997 |title=Environmentally sound properties help owners seed greener fields |magazine=Crain's New York Business |page=37 |volume=13 |issue=16 |id={{ProQuest|219128803}}}} Each structure's facade has a setback no higher than {{Convert|125|to|150|ft|abbr=}} from the street; this was intended to reduce the buildings' visual impact.

Most living units in Riverside South are high-end housing, costing at least ${{convert|2,000|/ft2|/m2}}. Per-foot real estate prices for Riverside South housing rose 66% from 2004 to 2014, compared with a 43% increase in real estate on the Upper West Side overall. For instance, baseball player Alex Rodriguez bought a 39th-floor Rushmore condominium for $5.5 million in March 2011, then sold it for $8 million in January 2012. At the same time, 12% to 20% of the units are designated as affordable, as required by the CPC approval of the project.{{Cite web | last=Spinola | first=Steven | date=December 23, 2014 | url=http://rew-online.com/2014/12/23/riverside-south-provides-pathway-to-housing-new-yorkers/ | title=Riverside South provides pathway to housing New Yorkers | work=Real Estate Weekly | access-date=May 15, 2016 | archive-date=October 9, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084355/http://rew-online.com/2014/12/23/riverside-south-provides-pathway-to-housing-new-yorkers/ | url-status=dead}} Some buildings in the development, such as One Riverside Park, were controversial having separate entrances for affordable-housing residents,{{Cite news|last=Moyer|first=Justin Wm|date=October 25, 2021|title=NYC bans 'poor doors' — separate entrances for low-income tenants|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/30/nyc-bans-poor-doors-separate-entrances-for-low-income-tenants/|access-date=January 4, 2024|issn=0190-8286}}{{Cite news|last=Navarro|first=Mireya|date=August 26, 2014|title='Poor Door' in a New York Tower Opens a Fight Over Affordable Housing|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/nyregion/separate-entryways-for-new-york-condo-buyers-and-renters-create-an-affordable-housing-dilemma.html|access-date=January 4, 2024|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104013810/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/nyregion/separate-entryways-for-new-york-condo-buyers-and-renters-create-an-affordable-housing-dilemma.html|url-status=live}} despite the legality of such "poor doors" in mixed-housing buildings.{{cite news|title=Thousands of applicants are willing to accept NYC "Poor Door" building |date= May 1, 2015 |first=Mitzie |last=Smith-Mack |publisher= Ballard Spahr LLP|place=Philadelphia|url=http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/thousands-of-applicants-are-willing-to-a-73878/}}

= Notable structures =

class="wikitable" ! Address{{\}}Name !! Completion date !! Height (ft/m) !! Stories !! Apartments !! Notes/references
40 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}One Riverside Park	2015	{{convert\|375\|ft\|0}}	33	219	{{cite web \|date=October 28, 2024 \|title=One Riverside Park, 50 Riverside Boulevard, NYC \|url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/one-riverside-park-50-riverside-boulevard/54711 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=CityRealty\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \|title=One Riverside Park – The Skyscraper Center \|url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-riverside-park/16607 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}
60 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Aldyn	2011	{{convert\|395\|ft\|0}}	38	136	{{cite web \| title=The Aldyn, 60 Riverside Boulevard, NYC \| website=CityRealty \| date=October 28, 2024 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-aldyn-60-riverside-boulevard/47611 \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| title=The Aldyn – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-aldyn/13990 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
80 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Rushmore	2008	{{convert\|425\|ft\|0}}	41	271	{{cite web \| title=The Rushmore, 80 Riverside Boulevard, NYC \| website=CityRealty \| date=October 28, 2024 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-rushmore-80-riverside-boulevard/34001 \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| title=The Avery – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercentre.com/building/the-avery/11889 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
100 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Avery	2008	{{convert\|344\|ft\|0}}	30	274	{{cite web \| title=Avery, 100 Riverside Boulevard, NYC \| website=CityRealty \| date=October 28, 2024 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/avery-100-riverside-boulevard/33841 \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| title=The Avery – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercentre.com/building/the-avery/11889 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
120 Riverside Boulevard	2004	{{convert\|230\|ft\|0}}	18	275	{{cite web \| title=120 Riverside Boulevard, NYC \| website=CityRealty \| date=October 28, 2024 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/120-riverside-boulevard/29947 \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| title=120 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/120-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/13989 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
140 Riverside Boulevard	2003	{{convert\|338\|ft\|0}}	26	354	{{cite web \| last=Rizzi \| first=Nicholas \| title=Sam Zell Offloads Former Trump Place to A&E for $266M \| website=Commercial Observer \| date=April 8, 2022 \| url=https://commercialobserver.com/2022/04/sam-zell-offloads-former-trump-place-to-ae-for-266m/ \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| last=Wong \| first=Natalie \| title=New York City Rental Building That Nixed Trump Name Sold for $266 Million \| website=Bloomberg.com \| date=April 7, 2022 \| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-07/nyc-rental-building-that-nixed-trump-name-sold-for-266-million \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}{{cite web \| title=140 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/140-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11890 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
160 Riverside Boulevard	2001	{{convert\|354\|ft\|0}}	33	459	{{cite web \| title=160 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/160-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11891 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
180 Riverside Boulevard	1999	{{convert\|422\|ft\|0}}	40	516	{{cite web \| title=180 Riverside Boulevard at Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/180-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/11644 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
200 Riverside Boulevard	2000	{{convert\|492\|ft\|0}}	46	377	{{cite web \| title=200 Riverside Boulevard At Trump Place – The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/200-riverside-boulevard-at-trump-place/3992 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
220 Riverside Boulevard	2003	{{convert\|542\|ft\|0}}	49	430	{{cite web \| last=Clarke \| first=Katherine \| title=Bruce Willis sells Trump Place unit for $3.9M \| website=The Real Deal \| date=July 13, 2011 \| url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2011/07/13/bruce-willis-sells-trump-place-condo-for-3-9m/ \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
240 Riverside Boulevard{{\}}The Heritage	2004	{{convert\|362\|ft\|0}}	31	170	{{cite web \|title=The Heritage At Trump Place, Upper West Side, New York, NY 10069 \|url=https://www.brownstoner.com/building/BUILDING-07f71d9467f69560f08fd821e7875bfc/240-riverside-boulevard-upper-west-side-ny-10069/ \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Brownstoner \|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \|title=The Heritage At Trump Place, Upper West Side, New York, NY 10069 \|url=https://www.brownstoner.com/building/BUILDING-07f71d9467f69560f08fd821e7875bfc/240-riverside-boulevard-upper-west-side-ny-10069/ \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Brownstoner}}
1 Waterline Square	2019	{{Convert\|429\|ft\|0}}	36	272	{{cite web \| title=One Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-waterline-square/27898 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
2 Waterline Square	2019	{{Convert\|397\|ft\|0}}	38	646	{{cite web \| title=Two Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-waterline-square/27897 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
3 Waterline Square	2019	{{Convert\|391\|ft\|0}}	34	244	{{cite web \| title=Three Waterline Square - The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/three-waterline-square/27899 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
400 West 63rd Street{{\}}The Ashley	2010	{{N/A}}	23	209	{{cite web \| title=CityRealty review of The Ashley, 400 West 63rd Street \| website=CityRealty \| date=March 20, 2015 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/the-ashley-400-west-63rd-street/review/46851 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
1 West End Avenue{{\}}Riverside Center Building 5	2017	{{Convert\|513\|ft\|0}}	43	246	{{cite web \|date=October 28, 2024 \|title=1 West End Avenue, NYC \|url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/one-west-end-1-west-end-avenue/58472 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=CityRealty \|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \|title=1 West End Avenue – The Skyscraper Center \|url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/1-west-end-avenue/14022 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}
21 West End Avenue{{\}}Riverside Center Building 2	2016	{{Convert\|529\|ft\|0}}	45	616	{{cite web \| title=21 West End Avenue, NYC \| website=CityRealty \| date=October 28, 2024 \| url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/lincoln-center/21-west-end-avenue/57412 \| access-date=October 28, 2024\|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \| title=21 West End Avenue - The Skyscraper Center \| website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH \| url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/21-west-end-avenue/14025 \| access-date=October 28, 2024}}
75 West End Avenue{{\}}West End Towers	1995	{{Convert\|404\|ft\|0}}	39	1,000	{{cite web \|date=October 20, 2024 \|title=West End Towers, 75 West End Avenue, NYC \|url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/west-end-towers-75-west-end-avenue/7477 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=CityRealty \|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \|title=West End Towers – The Skyscraper Center \|url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/west-end-towers/11888 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}
101 West End Avenue{{\}}Archstone	2000	{{convert\|370\|ft\|0}}	33	503	{{cite web \|date=October 28, 2024 \|title=101 West End Avenue, NYC \|url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/riverside-dr-west-end-ave/101-west-end-101-west-end-avenue/5524 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=CityRealty \|postscript=none}}; {{cite web \|title=Archstone 101 West End – The Skyscraper Center \|url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/archstone-101-west-end/16339 \|access-date=October 28, 2024 \|website=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH}}

Trump and Hudson Waterfront Associates built the first seven buildings at Riverside South. Three additional buildings were completed by Extell: the Avery, the Rushmore, and the Aldyn.City Planning Commission, [http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/100296a.pdf Report on Riverside Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215224625/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/100296a.pdf|date=February 15, 2017}}, October 27, 2010. To attract families, Extell added various amenities to these three buildings, including playrooms, a bowling alley, a basketball court, and other sports facilities.{{cite web |last=Barrionuevo |first=Alexei |date=March 30, 2012 |title=Selling Condos? It's Child's Play |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/realestate/big-deal-selling-condos-its-childs-play.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} The southern end of the development includes the 362-unit One West End condominium building, which includes amenities such as a cantilevered swimming pool.{{cite web |last=Anuta |first=Joe |date=August 19, 2015 |title=First Riverside Center condo complex on the Upper West Side is a hit |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20150820/REAL_ESTATE/150819479/first-riverside-center-condo-complex-on-the-upper-west-side-is-a-hit |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=Crain's New York Business}} Next to One West End is a 616-unit rental building at 21 West End Avenue, which has a fitness center and basement pool.

Parks

= Riverside Park South =

File:Little Engine Playground in Trump Pl jeh.jpg

The {{convert|25|acre|ha|sing=on}} Riverside Park South is an extension of Riverside Park and is funded by fees paid by Riverside South's residents.{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Timothy |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Planned Parks May Cost City Too Much, Group Warns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/nyregion/14parks.html |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=The New York Times}} Phase 1, a {{convert|7|acre|ha|sing=on}} section from 72nd to 68th Streets, was opened in April 2001. Pier I at 70th Street, part of the railyard, was rebuilt; it maintains its original length of {{convert|795|ft|m}}, but is narrower than originally, at {{convert|55|ft|m}}.{{cite web | title=Pier I | website=Riverside Park NYC | date=February 8, 2013 | url=https://riversideparknyc.org/places/pier-1/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=March 22, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322032517/https://riversideparknyc.org/places/pier-1/ | url-status=dead}} Phase 2 comprises a waterfront section from 70th Street to 65th Street and opened in June 2003. It has two plazas at 66th and 68th Streets, as well as a jagged waterfront. Phase 3, opened in August 2006, stretches from 65th to 62nd streets on the waterfront. Phase 4 opened in 2008 along the waterfront, extending from 63rd to 59th streets (overlapping with phase 3). A new mixed-use bikeway and walkway was also built through the park, linking Hudson River Park with Riverside Park.{{cite web | title=West Side Freight Yards | website=Forgotten New York | date=March 2001 | url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2001/03/west-side-freightyards/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=February 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219215933/https://forgotten-ny.com/2001/03/west-side-freightyards/ | url-status=live}}

The design of phases 5 and 6, located east of the elevated highway viaduct, was partly tied to the fate of the highway relocation. Relocating the highway will require some reconstruction of the park.{{Cite web |title=SWA/Balsley Landscape Plan |url=http://www.tbany.com/projects/urban-design-and-planning/riverside-park-south-open-space-masterplan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031258/http://www.tbany.com/projects/urban-design-and-planning/riverside-park-south-open-space-masterplan/ |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=February 1, 2017}} A fifth phase of Riverside Park South opened in October 2020, encompassing the land east of the West Side Highway from 65th to 68th streets. The city plans to expand the park with new baseball and soccer fields, bikeways, lawns, picnic areas, and restrooms.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/2368 |title=Parks Department project information |access-date=February 1, 2017 |archive-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025103233/https://www.nycgovparks.org/planning-and-building/capital-project-tracker/project/2368 |url-status=live}}

File:West-side-riverside.jpg

The park contains site-specific sculptures, railway ruins, gardens, a waterfront promenade, and a walkway.{{cite web | title=Exploring the Upper West Side's Riverside Park South | website=Curbed NY | date=September 6, 2012 | url=http://ny.curbed.com/2012/9/6/10332080/exploring-the-upper-west-sides-riverside-park-south | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=June 11, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611003818/http://ny.curbed.com/2012/9/6/10332080/exploring-the-upper-west-sides-riverside-park-south | url-status=live}} Portions of the former rail yard were incorporated into the new park.[http://riversideparknyc.org/history-of-park/ Park history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211636/http://riversideparknyc.org/history-of-park/ |date=March 3, 2016}}, riversideparknyc.org. Retrieved August 26, 2014. These include the New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge,{{cite web | title=Transfer Bridge, Riverside Park | website=Forgotten New York | date=August 19, 2015 | url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2015/08/barge-transfer-station-riverside-park/ | access-date=May 17, 2016}}{{cite web |last=Pesce |first=Nicole Lyn |date=April 27, 2014 |title=The Great Saunter hike around Manhattan reveals hidden gems |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2014/04/27/the-great-saunter-hike-around-manhattan-reveals-hidden-gems/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=New York Daily News}} which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20030711.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings July 11, 2003|work=nps.gov|access-date=June 24, 2015|archive-date=October 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019021103/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20030711.htm|url-status=dead}} As a reminder of the location's history, New York Central Railroad logos are engraved onto park benches. A wooden pier named Pier D was originally preserved as part of the park,{{cite web |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=August 9, 2016 |title=Pier D Stands Out in the West Side's Industrial Past |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/19/pier-d-stands-out-in-the-west-sides-industrial-past/ |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=City Room}} but it was demolished in 2011 due to extreme deterioration.{{cite web |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey |date=January 21, 2011 |title=Remnant of an Industrial Past, Now Gone |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/remnants-of-an-industrial-past-now-gone/ |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=City Room}}

= Other parks =

On West End Avenue, a privately owned park has a remnant of a stone wall, as a remaining part of the embankment that dated to 1847. Construction workers had unearthed the stones during construction in 1994; some stones were salvaged for the new park during the four-day construction hiatus for archaeological excavation.{{Cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=August 26, 2015|title=Park's Stone Wall Is a Vestige of Manhattan's Rail History|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html|access-date=January 31, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009130005/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/nyregion/parks-stone-wall-is-a-vestige-of-manhattans-rail-history.html|url-status=live}} There is also a private {{convert|3|acre|adj=on}} park at One West End.{{cite news |last=Forsythe |first=Jason |date=October 12, 2014 |title=Best of Luxury Homes & Estates |work=The New York Times |pages=87–92 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|1610789691}}}}

Other structures

Manhattan Community Board 7 members blamed Trump for failing to build the proposed enhancement and monument at Freedom Place, though the Riverside South Planning Corporation said that the Freedom Place plan was merely a concept for an arts program that was not included in the final project. A street called Freedom Place South, along the same axis as Freedom Place, runs southward from 64th to 59th streets.{{cite web | last=Gorshin | first=Maria | title=New York's 'Temple of Power': the 59th Street Powerstation | website=Untapped Cities | date=April 11, 2012 | url=http://untappedcities.com/2012/04/11/new-yorks-temple-of-power-the-59th-street-powerstation/ | access-date=May 17, 2016 | archive-date=May 31, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531174823/http://untappedcities.com/2012/04/11/new-yorks-temple-of-power-the-59th-street-powerstation/ | url-status=live}} In addition, there is an unused tunnel underneath a portion of Riverside Boulevard between 62nd and 65th streets, which was intended to carry traffic from the West Side Highway. The tunnel measures approximately {{convert|0.8|mi}} long and {{convert|40|ft}} wide. Early plans called for the construction of a Metro-North Railroad station on the West Side Line at Riverside South as part of the Penn Station Access project; however, the station was canceled in 2010 because there was not enough space between the foundations of Riverside South's buildings.{{cite news |last=Valenti |first=Ken |date=March 22, 2010 |title=Metro-North looks for Upper West Side station site |work=The Journal News |page=A.7 |id={{ProQuest|443153871}}}}

The IRT Powerhouse, located just south of Riverside South, was designed by Stanford White for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company{{cite web |last=Framberger |first=David J. |date=1978 |title=Architectural Designs for New York's First Subway |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/ny/ny0300/ny0387/data/ny0387data.pdf |publisher=Historic American Engineering Record |pages=15}} and is a New York City designated landmark.{{Cite news |last=Warerkar |first=Tanay |date=December 5, 2017 |title=Stanford White's Beaux Arts IRT powerhouse is now a NYC landmark |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/12/5/16738174/irt-power-house-manhattan-nyc-landmark |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216023216/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/12/5/16738174/irt-power-house-manhattan-nyc-landmark |archive-date=December 16, 2017 |access-date=December 17, 2017 |work=Curbed NY}} Adjacent to the Powerhouse is a tetrahedron-shaped building known as VIA 57 West,{{cite web |last=Capps |first=Kriston |date=May 1, 2015 |title=The Great Pyramids of Manhattan |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/05/the-great-pyramids-of-manhattan/389576/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425232701/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/05/the-great-pyramids-of-manhattan/389576/ |archive-date=April 25, 2015 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=The Atlantic}} which was designed by Bjarke Ingels Group.{{cite web |last=Davidson |first=Justin |date=April 10, 2019 |title=How Bjarke Ingels Is Reinventing the New York Apartment Building -- New York Magazine |url=https://nymag.com/arts/architecture/features/71213/ |access-date=November 7, 2024 |website=New York Magazine}} In addition, the Abraham Joshua Heschel School is located on West End Avenue next to Riverside South.{{cite news |last=Barbanel |first=Josh |date=June 27, 2014 |title=City News: Brearley School Considers a Move |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A.16 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|1540677881}}}}

References

= Citations =

= Sources =

{{Cite magazine |last=Dixon |first=John Morris |date=June 1993 |title=Riverside South: Civics Lesson |url=https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1993-06.pdf |magazine=Progressive Architecture |pages=118–123 |id={{ProQuest|197301542}}}}
{{Cite New York 1930}}
{{Cite New York 2000}}

External links

[http://files.secureserver.net/0sWfUZUK5YdMqj Paul Willen's history of Riverside South].
Julia Vitullo-Martin, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141014232149/http://www.manhattan-institute.org/email/crd_newsletter01-04.html "The West Side Rethinks Donald Trump's Riverside South,"] The Manhattan Institute's Center for Rethinking Development, Newsletter, January 2004.
Carter Horsley, [http://www.thecityreview.com/riverpk.htm "Riverside South Travesty: Politicians kill park component at Trump Development on West Side,"] The City Review.
Carter Horsley, [https://www.thecityreview.com/uws/riverside/riversiddrvintro.html "Riverside Drive,"] The City Review.
[http://www.waterfrontcenter.org:8080/Awards-0.1/search/show/34 The Waterfront Center Honor Award, 2011].

Category:1997 establishments in New York City

Category:Apartment buildings in New York City

Category:Donald Trump real estate

Category:Manhattan Waterfront Greenway

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Category:Neighborhoods in Manhattan

Category:Redevelopment projects in the United States

Category:Residential condominiums in New York City

Category:Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan

Category:Riverside Park (Manhattan)

Category:Upper West Side

Category:West Side Highway

Category:West Side Line